Exam 3

Question 1

schizophrenia demographics & prevalence

Answer 1

• higher for African Americans (2.1% compared to 1%)
• lower for hispanic Americans (0.8% compared to 1%
• age of onset earlier for men than women
• rare in children (1 in 100,000)

Question 2

schizophrenia diagnosis

Answer 2

• most people diagnosed in their 20s

- early warning signs during adolescence

Question 3

schizophrenia treatment

Answer 3

• antipsychotic medication + coping
• problems w/ Rx
• coping strategies for hallucinations: distraction, ignoring, selective hearing

Question 4

“positive” symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 4

• hallucinations
• delusions
• disorganized speech
• inappropriate affect

Question 5

“negative” symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 5

• avolition (lack of initiative to accomplish purposeful tasks)
• anhedonia (lack of pleasure)
• alogia (lack of speech)
• flat affect

Question 6

SCTK gratitude

Answer 6

-have gratitude for the times that you have a need that is finally met (eating a meal after starving, showering after feeling really dirty)

Question 7

personality

Answer 7

general patterns of behavior that are persistent across time and situations

Question 8

five factor model of personalities (the big five)

Answer 8

• neuroticism
• extraversion
• openness to experience
• agreeableness
• conscientiousness

Question 9

personality disorders

Answer 9

inflexible, maladaptive pattern of thoughts, emotions, behaviors and interpersonal functioning that are stable over time and across situations and deviate from expectations

Question 10

cluster B personality disorder

Answer 10

dramatic, erratic, emotional behavior

-antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

Question 11

Borderline personality disorder

Answer 11

• chronic instability of emotions, self-image, relationships
• self-destructive behaviors
• intense fear of abandonment

Question 12

BPD demographics

Answer 12

75% women

Question 13

Dialectal Behavior Therapy

Answer 13

•Developed by Marsha Linehan (1993) •Highly structured, multimodal treatment program•Informed by cognitive-behavioral theory, biosocial theory, and Eastern philosophy`
FOUR CORE SKILLS:•Mindfulness• Interpersonal Effectiveness•Distress Tolerance• Emotional Regulation

Question 14

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 14

-dangers, manipulative, often cruel and destructive, lacks remorse/conscience

Question 15

ASPD demographics

Answer 15

• 2% of population

- more males than females

Question 16

ASPD diagnostic criteria

Answer 16

must be 18 years of age for diagnosis of ASPD-must have had conduct disorder since at least age 15-occurrence of antisocial behavior is not exclusively during the course of either bipolar disorder or schizophrenia

Question 17

PET scan findings on ASPD

Answer 17

PET scans of 41 murderers revealed reduced activity in the frontal lobes. In a follow-up study, repeat offenders had 11% less frontal lobe activity (Raine et al., 1999; 2000).

Question 18

Some disorders often involve breaking the law…

Answer 18

Alcohol and other substance-related disorders- driving while intoxicated, selling drugs, buying drugs, prostitution to finance hard drug addictions, violence up to murder • Impulse-control disorders- setting fires, compulsive stealing, gambling until run up bad debts• Antisocial PD, Conduct disorder (running away, dropping out)- robbery, assault, kidnapping, rape, murder, domestic violence, child abuse, neglect, animal cruelty, etc.

Question 19

mental health in prisons

Answer 19

Among incarcerated men, current illness:3.7% psychosis10% major depression47% antisocial personality disorder18% other personality disorder70% primary or co-morbid substance abuse disorders
Among incarcerated women, current illness:4% psychosis12% major depression42% any personality disorder75% primary or co-morbid substance abuse disorders.

Question 20

suicide in prisons

Answer 20

Suicide is the third leading cause of death in U.S. state and federal prisons, exceeded only by natural causes and AIDS.

Question 21

cost of incarceration

Answer 21

31,307

Question 22

functions of sleep

Answer 22

evolutionary: sleeping in darkness when predators lurked about kept our ancestors out of harm’s way
memory consolidation: during sleep, our brains organize, consolidate, and weed out some of the input from the day
-energy conservation
-cellular repair

Question 23

theta waves

Answer 23

stages 1-2; early, light sleep, daydreaming

Question 24

delta waves

Answer 24

stages 3-4; deep sleep; brain activity slows down

Question 25

REM sleep

Answer 25

the brain is asleep but engages in fast and regular beta waves

Question 26

sleep deprivation

Answer 26

• bad for your health
• depresses immune function
• impairs concentration

Question 27

sleep hygiene

Answer 27

habits and behaviors that influence our sleep

i.e. going to bed and getting up at regular times

Question 28

delta wave parasomnias

Answer 28

sleep terrors, sleepwalking, and sleep talking

Question 29

REM sleep disorders

Answer 29

nightmare disorder, nightmares/intrusive memories during sleep in PTSD, loss of normal motor paralysis during REM

Question 30

dyssomias

Answer 30

characterized by a disturbance in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep