Exam 3 Flashcards
schizophrenia demographics & prevalence
- higher for African Americans (2.1% compared to 1%)
- lower for hispanic Americans (0.8% compared to 1%
- age of onset earlier for men than women
- rare in children (1 in 100,000)
schizophrenia diagnosis
- most people diagnosed in their 20s
- early warning signs during adolescence
schizophrenia treatment
- antipsychotic medication + coping
- problems w/ Rx
- coping strategies for hallucinations: distraction, ignoring, selective hearing
“positive” symptoms of schizophrenia
- hallucinations
- delusions
- disorganized speech
- inappropriate affect
“negative” symptoms of schizophrenia
- avolition (lack of initiative to accomplish purposeful tasks)
- anhedonia (lack of pleasure)
- alogia (lack of speech)
- flat affect
SCTK gratitude
-have gratitude for the times that you have a need that is finally met (eating a meal after starving, showering after feeling really dirty)
personality
general patterns of behavior that are persistent across time and situations
five factor model of personalities (the big five)
- neuroticism
- extraversion
- openness to experience
- agreeableness
- conscientiousness
personality disorders
inflexible, maladaptive pattern of thoughts, emotions, behaviors and interpersonal functioning that are stable over time and across situations and deviate from expectations
cluster B personality disorder
dramatic, erratic, emotional behavior
-antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
Borderline personality disorder
- chronic instability of emotions, self-image, relationships
- self-destructive behaviors
- intense fear of abandonment
BPD demographics
75% women
Dialectal Behavior Therapy
•Developed by Marsha Linehan (1993) •Highly structured, multimodal treatment program•Informed by cognitive-behavioral theory, biosocial theory, and Eastern philosophy`
FOUR CORE SKILLS:•Mindfulness• Interpersonal Effectiveness•Distress Tolerance• Emotional Regulation
antisocial personality disorder
-dangers, manipulative, often cruel and destructive, lacks remorse/conscience
ASPD demographics
- 2% of population
- more males than females
ASPD diagnostic criteria
must be 18 years of age for diagnosis of ASPD-must have had conduct disorder since at least age 15-occurrence of antisocial behavior is not exclusively during the course of either bipolar disorder or schizophrenia
PET scan findings on ASPD
PET scans of 41 murderers revealed reduced activity in the frontal lobes. In a follow-up study, repeat offenders had 11% less frontal lobe activity (Raine et al., 1999; 2000).
Some disorders often involve breaking the law…
Alcohol and other substance-related disorders- driving while intoxicated, selling drugs, buying drugs, prostitution to finance hard drug addictions, violence up to murder • Impulse-control disorders- setting fires, compulsive stealing, gambling until run up bad debts• Antisocial PD, Conduct disorder (running away, dropping out)- robbery, assault, kidnapping, rape, murder, domestic violence, child abuse, neglect, animal cruelty, etc.
mental health in prisons
Among incarcerated men, current illness:3.7% psychosis10% major depression47% antisocial personality disorder18% other personality disorder70% primary or co-morbid substance abuse disorders
Among incarcerated women, current illness:4% psychosis12% major depression42% any personality disorder75% primary or co-morbid substance abuse disorders.
suicide in prisons
Suicide is the third leading cause of death in U.S. state and federal prisons, exceeded only by natural causes and AIDS.
cost of incarceration
31,307
functions of sleep
evolutionary: sleeping in darkness when predators lurked about kept our ancestors out of harm’s way
memory consolidation: during sleep, our brains organize, consolidate, and weed out some of the input from the day
-energy conservation
-cellular repair
theta waves
stages 1-2; early, light sleep, daydreaming
delta waves
stages 3-4; deep sleep; brain activity slows down
