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Abnormal Psychology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

anxiety disorders

A
  • seperation anxiety disorder
  • selective mutism
  • specific phobia
  • social anxiety disorder
  • panic disorder
  • panic attack
  • agoraphobia
  • generalized anxiety disorder
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2
Q

Dalton Sherman

A

“I can do anything because you believe in me”

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3
Q

Diana Nyad

A
  • tried to beat her long distance swimming record

- got stung by a jelly fish and couldn’t finish her swim

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4
Q

Joe Kowan

A

-beat stage fright by singing about stagefright

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5
Q

phobic avoidance

A

-avoiding what you fear at all costs, can affect your life if you’re avoiding normal day to day activities bc of your phobia

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6
Q

negative reinforcement

A

a response or behavior is strengthened by stopping, removal or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus

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7
Q

anxiety

A
  • anxiety prompts avoidance, avoidance reinforces anxiety
  • anxiety is a universal human experience
  • anxiety disorders are exaggerated, persistent, and interfere with functioning
  • anxiety disorders area month the most prevalent of all mental health problems
  • account for 1/2 mental health costs
  • affect 19 mil adults in US
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8
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of marketplace; feel that the space they live in is getting smaller and smaller; feel trapped in their own home

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9
Q

most common anxiety disorders

A

specific phobia, social phobia

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10
Q

etiology of phobias

A
  • forbidden sexual/agressive impulses displaced into feared object
  • threat is avoided by acvoiding object
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11
Q

specific phobias

A

extreme fear of a specific object or situation; a phobia not classified as agoraphobia or social phobia

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12
Q

prepared learning

A

explains why certain associations are learned more readily than others; phobias related to survival

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13
Q

symptom substitution

A

the development of a symptom to replace one that has cleared up as a result of treatment

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14
Q

Dr. B’s childhood phobia

A

ducks

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15
Q

social phobias

A

intense, excessive fear of being scrutinized, judged, or embraced in one or more social situations

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16
Q

phobia treatment

A

have client face their phobia

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17
Q

flooding vs systematic desensitization

A

flooding: a lot of exposure at once

systematic desensitization: exposure over time

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18
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

characterized by milder anxiety-evoking thoughts; “chronic pathological worry”

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19
Q

obsessive compulsive disorder

A

-recurrent and persistent intrusive thoughts and behaviors

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20
Q

OCD vs OCPD

A

OCPD is a personality disorder

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21
Q

CBT vs insight oriented therapies

A

Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective•How superstitious behavior is learned; rituals•Negative reinforcement and anxiety reduction (very powerful)•Behavioral models and social learningTreatment: Exposure & Response Prevention•Extinguish association between obsessions and compulsions: Trigger obsession (exposure), prevent response behavior; teach substitute response behaviors; goal-setting, reinforcement•Teach relaxation response, coping & stress management•Identify & modify irrational thoughts, teach thought-stopping, thought substitution, positive imagery, distraction

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22
Q

post traumatic stress disorder

A

stress disorder triggered by a past tragic event

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23
Q

panic disorder

A

characterized by intense fear accompanied by bodily sensations

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24
Q

systematic muscle relaxation

A

tensing and relaxing your muscles

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25
Q

dissociation

A

describes a wide range of alterations to consciousness, experience as mild detachment from the environment to extreme detachment from the self

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26
Q

states of consciousness

A

Most individuals have experienced a dissociative state at some point in their lives. - talking to a friend, realize you blanked out and missed half the conversation- drove home on “auto-pilot” - dissociation of this sort is normal from time to time, but may still be stress-related.

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27
Q

reducing dissociation/increasing mindfulness

A

reduce stress

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28
Q

yoga

A

helps relax body and reduce stress

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29
Q

dissociative fugue

A

reversible amnesia for peresonlity identity

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30
Q

depersonalization

A

when you feel like you’re observing yourself from ourside your body

31
Q

derealization

A

when experiences don’t feel real

32
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

• Multiple personalities that alternate in presentation• Historical changes in patterns - gender distribution, abuse hx, prevalence• No objective dx measures• Iatrogenic factors

33
Q

iatrogenic effects

A

harmful effects that occur during treatment

34
Q

hypnosis

A

•Hypnosis can produce iatrogenic effects
Hypnosis is a state of consciousness characterized by:–Deep relaxation–Suggestibility – very dangerous–Changes in pain perception – very usefulMemories under hypnosis are notmore accurate than during alert wakefulness.

35
Q

stress

A

a psychophysical response

36
Q

stressors

A

stimuli or events that trigger efforts to cope; experiences perceived as harmful, threatening, or challenging

37
Q

types of stress

A
  • stress from catastrophic or tragic event

- daily stresses (more killer)

38
Q

contributors to stress

A
  • daily stressors: traffic, job stress, noise, pollution

- catastrophic event: tragedy, loss of a loved one

39
Q

stress reactions

A

emotional vs problem solving response to stess

fight or flight

40
Q

indirect and direct effects of stress on health

A

indirect: not going to gym, eating unhealthy, drinking etc bc you’re stressed
direct: stress effects immune system

41
Q

SAM and HPA systems

A

•Sympatho-adreno-medullary (SAM) System•The body’s initial, rapid-acting response to stress (Fight-or-flight response)•release of epinephrine and norepinephrine fr adrenal medulla•Immediate; body not built to withstand prolonged use of this system`
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) System•The body’s delayed (by minutes or hours) response to stress•secretion of corticosteroid hormones fr adrenal cortex•Activates to prevent damage from SAM system; exhausts more easily than SAM (insufficiencies; allostatic load)•Issues of evolutionary adaptation

42
Q

transactional model of stress and coping

A

experience of stress depends as much on how an event is appraised

43
Q

kelly mcgonial

A

stress is only bad for yo if you believe it is

44
Q

emotion focused coping

A

changing the stress responsie

45
Q

problem focused coping

A

changing the stressor

46
Q

maladaptive vs adaptive coping

A

maladaptive coping affects functioning in your life

47
Q

active vs avoidant coping

A

dealing with the stress head on vs putting off dealing with the stress

48
Q

how to relax

A

release oxytocin, yoga, muscle relaxation

49
Q

oxytocin

A

cuddle drug, reduces stress

50
Q

mood disorders

A

depression and mania: DSM • separates the mood disorders into -Depressive Disorders-Bipolar and Related Disorders

51
Q

depressed mood

A

sad, low, blue, empty, hopeless, anhedonic, or irritable

52
Q

manic/hypomanic mood

A

euphoric, elevated, expansive, or irritable

53
Q

normal vs abnormal mood states

A

abnormal if extreme, unusual or maladaptive

54
Q

depression vs mania

A

depression: very low mood, feeling empty and hopeless
mania: euphoric, elevated mood or irritable

55
Q

eeyore vs tigger

A

eeyore is example of depressive state and tigger is example of mania

56
Q

anhedonia

A

inability to feel pleasure

57
Q

irritability

A

being easily irritated

58
Q

social withdraw

A

ceasing to interact with others, avoiding social situations

59
Q

schizoaffective disorder

A

a chronic mental health condition characterized primarily by symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations or delusions, and symptoms of a mood disorder, such as mania and depression.

60
Q

gender difference in depression

A

depression rates higher in women

61
Q

ted talk on ECT

A

-electroshock therapy treating and curing depression

62
Q

SCTK three good things

A

reduces depressive episodes, come up with a list of three good things about your day

63
Q

SCTK oxytocin

A

oxytocin is released when receiving hugs or playing with puppies

64
Q

dysthymic disorder

A

Chronic, relatively continual (not clear episodes)Sx most of the day more days than notfor min 2 years•Can have co-existing major depressionYearly, 10% have their first major depressive episode

65
Q

bipolar 1

A

• one manic episode• hypomanic and depressive episodes both very common in Bipolar I Disorder, but only manic episode is required for diagnosis.

66
Q

Bipolar II

A

• one hypomanic episode (or more)• one depressive episode (or more)• no manic episodes

67
Q

Beck’s cognitive triad

A

three key elements of a person’s belief system present in depression; negative views about the world, negative views about oneself, negative views about the future

68
Q

beck’s depression inventory

A

21 question self report inventory

69
Q

mood disorder comorbidity

A

presence of two or more mood disorders in a patient

70
Q

permpartum specifier

A

an onset of symptoms during pregnancy or within 4 weeks of delivery

71
Q

rapid cycling

A

a pattern of frequent, distinct episodes in bipolar disorder

72
Q

hypomania

A

a mood state characterized by persistent disinhibition and mood elevation (euphoria), with behavior that is noticeably different from the person’s typical behavior when in a non-depressed state

73
Q

suicide

A

-men are more likely to use extreme methods (gun)

Abnormal Psychology (4 decks)

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