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Herpetology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Chelonia

A

Testudine: turtles, tortoise, terrapins

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2
Q

Cheloniidae

A

Sea turtles

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3
Q

Chelydridae

A

Snapping turtles

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4
Q

Dermochelyidae

A

Leatherback sea turtles

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5
Q

Platysternidae

A

Big headed turtle

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6
Q

Testudinidae

A

Tortoises

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7
Q

Chelidae

A

Side neck turtles

Matamata

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8
Q

“Tortoise”

A

Terrestrial and usually herbivorous

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9
Q

“Terrapin”

A

Semi aquatic, omnivorous, webbed feet, streamline shell

Freshwater or brackish

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10
Q

Bones

A

50-60

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11
Q

High domes =

A

Terrestrial

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12
Q

Flat/streamlined=

A

Aquatic and marine

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13
Q

Carapace

A

Top/dorsal

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14
Q

She’ll consist of

A

Keratinous scutes

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15
Q

Scutes

A

Do not have same pattern as underlying bony elements

Misalignment of sutures in bony and keratinous (scutes) portions add strength

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16
Q

Plastron

A

Bottom/ventral

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17
Q

Shell

A

Vertebrae (except neck and tail) completely fused into shell (carapace)

Ribs fused into lateral portion of carapace

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18
Q

Lungs

A

Dorsal surface attached to carapace

Ventral surface of lungs attached to sheet of connective tissue

This connective tissue is attached to the viscera

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19
Q

Exhale

A

Force viscera upward against the lungs, lungs press into Carapace, drives air out

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20
Q

Inhale

A

Enlarging visceral cavity allows viscera to slump downward, connective tissue connecting viscera to lungs pulls ventral surface of lungs down, increases volume and draws air inward

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21
Q

Teeth

A

Teeth completely absent in all extant testudines

Replaced by a tough keratinous beak

22
Q

Tomium

A

Beak

23
Q

Rhamphotheca

A

Sheath over the tomium (beak)

Ramphos=beak
Theca= sheath

24
Q

Marine

A

Well developed flippers

25
Q

Aquatic\semi aquatic

A

Well developed webbing between digits

26
Q

Terrestrial

A

Stout club like limbs

27
Q

Reproduction

A

Oviparous (egg laying)

TDSD Temperature dependent sex determinate

28
Q

Delayed implantation

A

Sperm stored for future fertilization

Multiple clutches from single breeding

29
Q

Embryonic diapause

A

Temporary cessation of development

Pause button

30
Q

Gavialis gangeticus

A

Only species found in the family Gavialidae

31
Q

Gharial special characteristics

A

“Ghara” structure

Dentition

32
Q

“Ghara”Structure

A

Resembles an Indian part

The apparatus acts like a resonating chamber

Males blow bubbles through their Ghana’s during courtship ritual
Little resistance to water
Subject to break during fights

33
Q

Thecodont dentition

A

Thecodont teeth
Rooted and set in sockets
Interlocking only in Gharials

34
Q

Pleurodont

A

Side tooth

35
Q

Acrodont

A

Summit

Fused to the summit of the jaw bone

36
Q

Sweeping

A

Lying in wait for fish to swim by then quickly whipping their head to grab/impale in the jaws

37
Q

Jaw clap

A

Stunning fish by clapping their jaw underwater

38
Q

Gharial feeding

A

Prey swallowed whole and not chewed

Must hold her head out of the water in order to swallow

39
Q

Palatal valve

A

Valve at the back of the throat that keeps water from entering the lungs. while underwater it must be opened in order to swallow

40
Q

Gharial characteristics

A 
Do you not exhibit death roll.
Second largest in body size amongst crocodilians
Fastest swimmer’s amongst crocodilians
Huge benefit to fisheries 
Possess relatively weak legs
Form harems
Play the largest eggs of any crocodilian
41
Q

Integumentary sense organs (ISO)

A

Tiny pets that are found on the scales of the entire body thought to detect vibrations or changes in pressure or salinity may assist and prey acquisitions

42
Q

Tapetum lucidum

A

Bright carpet
Reflective layer behind the retina. Extra light is reflected out, any light not observed passes through the retina of the eye. Enables night vision

43
Q

Nictitating membrane

A

Transparent or translucent third eye and some animals that can be drawn across the eye for protection while maintaining some degree of vision

44
Q

How to tell alligators and crocodiles apart

A

Dentition, alligators fourth tooth is not visible, all of its upper teeth can be seen when its mouth is closed.

45
Q

Congregations

A

Alligator and crocodile social structures

46
Q

The second aorta

A

Shunts blood away from their lungs and towards their stomachs. Stimulates the production of strong stomach acids to break down their meals faster.
Pause button on digestion and eating

47
Q

American alligator

A

Success story of an endangered Apex predator that has not only been saved from extinction but is now thriving in the wild

Live in freshwater rivers

Do not hibernate but undergo period of dormancy when weather becomes cold
Gator holes

48
Q

Gator hole

A

Where water levels fluctuate alligators dig themselves hollows in the mud which will fill with water. Tunnels can be as long as 65 feet and provide protection during the extreme hot or cold weather
Dig to the water table

49
Q

Alligator and crocodile breeding

A

Males/bowls Roar to attract females despite having no vocal cords.

50
Q

Lingual Salt Glands

A

Modified salivary gland‘s. Functioning South glens on their tongues necessary for Osmo regulation in salt water and enables tolerance to life in Saline water and in some species seawater

Herpetology (3 decks)

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