Exam 3

Question 1

Chelonia

Answer 1

Testudine: turtles, tortoise, terrapins

Question 2

Cheloniidae

Answer 2

Sea turtles

Question 3

Chelydridae

Answer 3

Snapping turtles

Question 4

Dermochelyidae

Answer 4

Leatherback sea turtles

Question 5

Platysternidae

Answer 5

Big headed turtle

Question 6

Testudinidae

Answer 6

Tortoises

Question 7

Chelidae

Answer 7

Side neck turtles

Matamata

Question 8

“Tortoise”

Answer 8

Terrestrial and usually herbivorous

Question 9

“Terrapin”

Answer 9

Semi aquatic, omnivorous, webbed feet, streamline shell

Freshwater or brackish

Question 10

Bones

Answer 10

50-60

Question 11

High domes =

Answer 11

Terrestrial

Question 12

Flat/streamlined=

Answer 12

Aquatic and marine

Question 13

Carapace

Answer 13

Top/dorsal

Question 14

She’ll consist of

Answer 14

Keratinous scutes

Question 15

Scutes

Answer 15

Do not have same pattern as underlying bony elements

Misalignment of sutures in bony and keratinous (scutes) portions add strength

Question 16

Plastron

Answer 16

Bottom/ventral

Question 17

Shell

Answer 17

Vertebrae (except neck and tail) completely fused into shell (carapace)

Ribs fused into lateral portion of carapace

Question 18

Lungs

Answer 18

Dorsal surface attached to carapace

Ventral surface of lungs attached to sheet of connective tissue

This connective tissue is attached to the viscera

Question 19

Exhale

Answer 19

Force viscera upward against the lungs, lungs press into Carapace, drives air out

Question 20

Inhale

Answer 20

Enlarging visceral cavity allows viscera to slump downward, connective tissue connecting viscera to lungs pulls ventral surface of lungs down, increases volume and draws air inward

Question 21

Teeth

Answer 21

Teeth completely absent in all extant testudines

Replaced by a tough keratinous beak

Question 22

Tomium

Answer 22

Beak

Question 23

Rhamphotheca

Answer 23

Sheath over the tomium (beak)

Ramphos=beak
Theca= sheath

Question 24

Marine

Answer 24

Well developed flippers

Question 25

Aquatic\semi aquatic

Answer 25

Well developed webbing between digits

Question 26

Terrestrial

Answer 26

Stout club like limbs

Question 27

Reproduction

Answer 27

Oviparous (egg laying) | TDSD Temperature dependent sex determinate

Question 28

Delayed implantation

Answer 28

Sperm stored for future fertilization | Multiple clutches from single breeding

Question 29

Embryonic diapause

Answer 29

Temporary cessation of development Pause button

Question 30

Gavialis gangeticus

Answer 30

Only species found in the family Gavialidae

Question 31

Gharial special characteristics

Answer 31

“Ghara” structure Dentition

Question 32

“Ghara”Structure

Answer 32

Resembles an Indian part The apparatus acts like a resonating chamber Males blow bubbles through their Ghana’s during courtship ritual Little resistance to water Subject to break during fights

Question 33

Thecodont dentition

Answer 33

Thecodont teeth Rooted and set in sockets Interlocking only in Gharials

Question 34

Pleurodont

Answer 34

Side tooth

Question 35

Acrodont

Answer 35

Summit | Fused to the summit of the jaw bone

Question 36

Sweeping

Answer 36

Lying in wait for fish to swim by then quickly whipping their head to grab/impale in the jaws

Question 37

Jaw clap

Answer 37

Stunning fish by clapping their jaw underwater

Question 38

Gharial feeding

Answer 38

Prey swallowed whole and not chewed | Must hold her head out of the water in order to swallow

Question 39

Palatal valve

Answer 39

Valve at the back of the throat that keeps water from entering the lungs. while underwater it must be opened in order to swallow

Question 40

Gharial characteristics

Answer 40

``` Do you not exhibit death roll. Second largest in body size amongst crocodilians Fastest swimmer’s amongst crocodilians Huge benefit to fisheries Possess relatively weak legs Form harems Play the largest eggs of any crocodilian ```

Question 41

Integumentary sense organs (ISO)

Answer 41

Tiny pets that are found on the scales of the entire body thought to detect vibrations or changes in pressure or salinity may assist and prey acquisitions

Question 42

Tapetum lucidum

Answer 42

Bright carpet Reflective layer behind the retina. Extra light is reflected out, any light not observed passes through the retina of the eye. Enables night vision

Question 43

Nictitating membrane

Answer 43

Transparent or translucent third eye and some animals that can be drawn across the eye for protection while maintaining some degree of vision

Question 44

How to tell alligators and crocodiles apart

Answer 44

Dentition, alligators fourth tooth is not visible, all of its upper teeth can be seen when its mouth is closed.

Question 45

Congregations

Answer 45

Alligator and crocodile social structures

Question 46

The second aorta

Answer 46

Shunts blood away from their lungs and towards their stomachs. Stimulates the production of strong stomach acids to break down their meals faster. Pause button on digestion and eating

Question 47

American alligator

Answer 47

Success story of an endangered Apex predator that has not only been saved from extinction but is now thriving in the wild Live in freshwater rivers Do not hibernate but undergo period of dormancy when weather becomes cold Gator holes

Question 48

Gator hole

Answer 48

Where water levels fluctuate alligators dig themselves hollows in the mud which will fill with water. Tunnels can be as long as 65 feet and provide protection during the extreme hot or cold weather Dig to the water table

Question 49

Alligator and crocodile breeding

Answer 49

Males/bowls Roar to attract females despite having no vocal cords.

Question 50

Lingual Salt Glands

Answer 50

Modified salivary gland‘s. Functioning South glens on their tongues necessary for Osmo regulation in salt water and enables tolerance to life in Saline water and in some species seawater