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Herpetology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Ectothermic

A

Utilizes external sources to maintain internal body temperatures within a certain range

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2
Q

Tetrapod

A

Four foot

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3
Q

Extant reptile orders

A

Testudine (turtles)
Crocodylia
Squamata
Rhinocephalia (tuatara)

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4
Q

Extant amphibian orders

A

Gymnophiona (Apoda)
Caudata
Anura

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5
Q

Aristotle first proposed system of classification

A

Scala Naturae

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6
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

Generic name and specific epithet
Descriptive
Honorifics
Localities

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7
Q

Anthropomorphic

A

Manlike

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8
Q

Modern hierarchy

Don King Plays Chess On Fat Guys Stomachs

A 
Domain- Eukarya
Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Chordata
Class- reptile/amphibian
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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9
Q

Claude

A

A clade is a group of organisms that consist of a common ancestor and its lineal descendants and represents a single branch on the tree of life

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10
Q

ICZN

A

The international commission on zoological nomenclature

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11
Q

Lissamphibians

A

Extant amphibians and their descendants of the first terrestrial vertebrates their ancestors were lobe finned fish first appeared about 400 MYA

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12
Q

Earliest tetrapod fossils

A

Elginerpeton

Ichthyostega (1st true verb. Tetrapod)

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13
Q

Carboniferous period

A

The ancestors of modern reptiles (and subsequently birds and mammals close parentheses first appear. They were not only able to reproduce on land, in the absence of water but also had an effective skin barrier.

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14
Q

Anthracosaur

A

The first tetrapod linked to the rise of the reptiles

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15
Q

Ichthyostega

A

First tetrapod tied to the amphibian clade

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16
Q

The three orders of amphibians

A

Gymnophiona (Caecilians)
Caudata (salamanders)
Anura (frogs)

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17
Q

Gymnophiona (caecilians)

characteristics

A 
Strongly annulated
Ossified heads
Reflects a fossorial lifestyle
Some are weekly annulated and aquatic
Spectacular evolutionary radiations
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18
Q

Caudata (Salamanders)

A

Ecologically diverse arboreal species living in epiphytes (water collection plants) in the canopy

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19
Q

Anura (frogs)

A

Pine limbs typically are nearly twice the length of the body
Bipedal saltatory locomotion (jumps or hops on two legs)
Anurans are the most species rich and widely distributed group.
Morphologically physiologically and ecologically diverse.

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20
Q

Archosauria

A

Crocodilians and aves

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21
Q

Testudine (turtles tortoises)

A

Considered the outgroup to all other reptiles because their skulls have no fenestra (true muscle attachment)
But DNA suggest that the test today in school derived from a diapsid skull (has fenestra)

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22
Q

Carapace

Plastron

A

Upper

Lower

23
Q

Rhynchocephalia

A

Two species on the islands off New Zealand

Swim with strong undulatory strokes (power from the tail)

24
Q

Squamata (Serpentes/Lacertilia)

A

Most diverse and species ridge order of reptilia

25
Amphisbaenians
A monophyletic group of subterranean lizards
26
CT
Computed technology
27
Origins of tetrapod‘s
Only animals forced onto land evolved into tetrapod‘s. Lobe finned fish also developed limbs to aid in locomotion in shallow densely vegetated Devonian swamps. Evolution of limb like pectoral fins was occurring independently in several different future tetrapod clades. Amphibians developed in fresh or brackish water and reptiles still have non-permeable skin in first developed from salt water
28
Homeostasis
A relatively stable state of equilibrium
29
Equilibrium
A condition in which all acting influences are canceled by others resulting in a stable balanced or unchanging system
30
Osmosis
Movement of water through a semi permeable membrane from low salinity to high salinity
31
Osmo regulation
Controls water and salt balance. Many organs and structures are involved such as the skin and bladder. 70-80% water
32
Hyperosmotic
Individuals that have greater internal iconic concentration then its environment in freshwater situations (amphibians) Cells well and there is excessive hydration
33
Hyposmotic
Individuals that are in an environment with greater ion concentration than that of their body (sea turtles in a marine environment) Animals risk dehydration!
34
Amphibian characteristics
Skin is not an effective barrier Cutaneous drinking (drinking through the skin) Performed water
35
Pelvic patch
Present in posterior region of most endurance. Highly vascularized more so than other skin services. Individual will press pelvic patch to moist soil or water on leaves to absorb water.
36
Water absorbing posture
Hind limbs away from body pressing ventral surface into substrate
37
Performed water
Water through metabolic process when food is digested
38
Granular
Found in terrestrial species in drier climates enhances water absorption
39
Amphibian water loss
Produce large amounts of diluted urine
40
Water conservation
Can decrease your in production to conserve water. Water postures may regulate water loss Males expose maximum amount of surface area when calling results in increased water loss
41
Litoria caerulea
Australian tree frog that heated body and returns to its cold hollow to make condensation to hydrate It minimizes expose services and water loss
42
Waterproof frogs
Lipid secretions use their arms and legs to wipe the lipids evenly all over their body Cocoons forms from the accumulation of multiple layers of shed. They will remain hydrated from water that they have stored need for ventilation is reduced because of a metabolic depression
43
Impermeable skin
Water loss is less of a problem for reptiles and is for amphibians. Desert lizard species drink the water that condenses on their skin when they enter cool Burrows
44
Interscalar
Spaces found along scale hinges the scale hinges are interconnected to form a complex network of tiny channels where water flows by capillary action
45
Hibernation (brumation)
Avoidance of winter cold lowering metabolic rate and altering cardiovascular function
46
Torpor
Sluggishness lesser degree then hibernation decreased food consumption
47
Estivation
Metabolic rates generally stay lower is to avoid heat and conserve moisture
48
OTU
Operational taxonomic unit. They are the units being compared and can be an individual population species are higher taxonomic group
49
Clade
A group of organisms containing an ancestor and all descendants
50
Sister Taxa
The Taxa sharing the most recent common ancestor with another taxing
51
Synapomorphy
A characteristic present in an ancestral species and shared exclusively (maybe modified) by its evolutionary descendants
52
Type specimen (holo type)
A single type specimen upon which the description and name of a new species is based
53
Paraphyly
A text in a group containing most but not all taxa that derive from the same ancestor
54
Polyphyly
Taxonomic group whose members do not share the same ancestor with

Herpetology (3 decks)

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