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Animal Science > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 5 views of animal welfare in order using animals the most to not using animals at all?

A

Animal Exploitation, Animal Welfare, Animal Protection, Animal Rights, Animal Liberation

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2
Q

What is animal liberation?

A

extreme view of animal rights, absolutely no use of animals, not even pets

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3
Q

What is animal welfare?

A

a social issue, with ethical, scientific, political and aesthetic properties.

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4
Q

What are welfare and protection groups worried about when they talk about animal well-being?

A

Physical well-being - state of clinical health.

Psychological well-being - good health, free of distress, exhibits range of species behavior, and adaptation to environment.

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5
Q

What is the general welfare criteria?

A

Freedom from hunger, thirst, and malnutrition
Proper shelter
Prevention and treatment of disease and injury
Freedom from fear and to display most normal behavior patterns

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6
Q

Is health alone sufficient enough for good welfare?

A

no, health is essential for welfare but health alone is no sufficient enough for good welfare.

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7
Q

What are factors affecting animal productivity?

A

Facilities, manager, climate, nutrition, disease, breeding

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8
Q

What are exotherms? Endotherms?

A

Cold blooded animals

warm blooded animals

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9
Q

What is the equation to maintain constant temperature?

A

heat produced + heat received = heat loss

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10
Q

What are the four major avenues of heat gain or loss?

A

convection, conduction, radiation, evaporation

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11
Q

What is radiation? Give example.

A

transfer of heat from non-touching objects.

gain heat from sun

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12
Q

What is conduction? Give example.

A

transfer of heat from touching objects.

pig lying on cold concrete will lose heat

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13
Q

What is convection? Give example.

A

flow of heat through air or water, blood.

wind blowing in cold weather will increase heat loss

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14
Q

What is evaporation?

A

flow of heat via vaporization from the lungs of perspiration from the skin

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15
Q

What is the Heat Balance Equation?

A

Change in core temp = [+/-Rd +/-Cd +/- cv] - ev + heat produced.

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16
Q

What is the range of temperatures where an animal is comfortable (neither too hot or too cold)?

A

Thermoneutral Zone (TNZ). Goal is to raise animals as close to TNZ as possible.

BE SURE TO LOOK AT GRAPHS.

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17
Q

What prohibits animal production more, heat stress or cold stress?

A

heat stress

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18
Q

What is the effective temperature?

A

the sum of all environment effects on the animal, including temperature, humidity, and wind chill

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19
Q

What are the two important functions of the swine industry?

A

source of food and other products and biomedical research animal model

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20
Q

What allowed for the change from fat uneconomical pigs to lean economical pigs?

A

short generation interval, 7-12 piglet litter, and nonseasonal breeders

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21
Q

What are the pros and cons of the farrowing house?

A

high investment, but low labor cost and high survival rate

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22
Q

What are the two main causes of preweaning mortality?

A

crushing and starvation

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23
Q

A baby pig environment should be ______, _______, ________, and ________.

A

clean, warm, draft free and well ventilated

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24
Q

When is processing for baby pigs and what all happens?

A

1 to 3 days

iron shots, dip nose in iodine, dock tails, ear notch, castrate males

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25
Q

When are pigs weaned?

A

14-28 days

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26
Q

Which management operation is the highest stress on the pig?

A

the nursery

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27
Q

What are the four productions operations?

A

farrow to wean, finishing producer, contract finisher, farrow to finish

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28
Q

Explain the farrow to wean production operation.

A

maintain sow herd and breeding

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29
Q

Explain the finishing producer production operation.

A

buys feeder pigs at weaning and feeds to market weight

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30
Q

Explain the contract finisher production operation.

A

individual supplies facilities and utilities

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31
Q

Explain the farrow to finish production operation.

A

take pigs from birth to market. most people do this (profit)

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32
Q

What are the maternal breeds of pigs?

A

those which excel in mothering ability.
white breeds.
Yorkshire, Landrace, Chester White

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33
Q

What are the terminal breeds of pigs?

A

those which excel in carcass and growth traits.
colored breeds.
hampshire, duroc, spotted, poland, and berkshire

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34
Q

True or false. Domesticated chickens reproduce year round.

A

true

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35
Q

What does oviposition mean?

A

to lay an egg

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36
Q

What is unique about male birds?

A

testes located inside the body, sperm lives in the female tract for days and they have a cloaca

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37
Q

What is unique about the hen’s ovaries?

A

only one is functional

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38
Q

The follicle that is ovulated is known as the ____.

A

yolk

39
Q

what is the average time from ovulation to oviposition and when is the next ovulation?

A

26 hours. 15 minutes to 2 hours after oviposition.

hence egg layed every 26-28 hours

40
Q

what is a clutch?

A

eggs layed on consecutive days

41
Q

True or False. Males are more apt to exhibit agnostic behavior more than females.

A

true

42
Q

true or false. a utilitarian point of view regarding animal use would mean the benefits outweigh the costs.

A

true

43
Q

true or false. castration of an animal increases their social rank in group.

A

false

44
Q

True or false. Your hand could be the first hand to touch the egg you eat at breakfast.

A

True

45
Q

What are the main poultry states?

A

Arkansas and Georgia

46
Q

What are characteristics of the poultry industry?

A

major capitol investment, low land requirement, short production cycles, highly automated, highly integrated, concentrated ownership and geographic location

47
Q

What is the life cycle of a typical broiler?

A

breeder flock –> hatching eggs –>hatchery –> day old chicks –> contract grower –> processor –> market –> consumer

48
Q

In the life cycle of a broiler, how long from conception to market?

A

10 weeks, 7 weeks from contract grower to market

49
Q

What is the cycle of egg production?

A

breeder flock –>hatching egg–>hatchery—21 days—>day old pullet (sexed males killed) —18 to 20 weeks—>started pullet –> Egg producer—52 to 82 weeks—>egg processor (old hens used for processed foods–>supermarket–>consumer

50
Q

What novel was written to bring attention to unsafe food handling and corruption of meat industry?

A

Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle

51
Q

What are the slaughter procedures?

A
  1. Stun/Immobilize
  2. Exsanguinate (bleed or stick)
  3. Remove hide, hair or pelt
  4. Eviscerate - removal of internal organs
  5. Final Carcass Preparation
  6. Chilled
52
Q

What is the dressing percentage and how do you figure it?

A

percentage of live animal that is carcass.

(Carcass weight/live weight) x 100

53
Q

What does chilling do for meat preservation?

A

slows microorganism growth

54
Q

What does steam pasteurization do for meat preservation?

A

quick blast of steam kills surface microorganisms

55
Q

What does irradiation do for meat preservation?

A

kills surface microorganisms

56
Q

What does freezing do for meat preservation?

A

slows growth of microorganisms

57
Q

What does drying and salt do for meat preservation?

A

lowers water activity

58
Q

What does curing do for meat preservation?

A

add nitrites and salt

59
Q

What does fermenting do for meat preservation?

A

add bacteria to lower pH

60
Q

What are major challenges for the meat industry?

A

shelf life, food safety, new product development

61
Q

What is gregarious?

A

flocking instinct that sheep and goats have

62
Q

Where are sheep that are known for their wool from?

A

Spain and France

63
Q

Where are sheep that specialize in meat from?

A

england

64
Q

True or false. Sheep are completely dependent on man and cannot return to the wild.

A

true

65
Q

True or false. Sheep are short day breeders.

A

true

66
Q

What is a lambing jug and what is its purpose?

A

a lamb and mother placed in small pen to bond the lambs.

67
Q

If a sheep is slaughtered under one year of age it is considered _____.

A

lamb

68
Q

What are impurities of some wool?

A

sebaceous oil, suint, yolk, acquires dirt, and shrink when impurities are washed

69
Q

Do you want wool with a small diameter or large diameter?

A

small diameter

70
Q

Kid goats marketed at 2-3 weeks of age are called ______.

A

cabrito

71
Q

Goats marketed around weaning or 4-5 months of age are called _______

A

chevon

72
Q

What are the two main breeds for Dairy cows?

A

Holstein and Jersey

73
Q

What are characteristics of the Holstein?

A

black and white, big, high milk production

74
Q

What are characteristics of the Jersey?

A

little, brown, high fat and protein production

75
Q

What initiates lactation?

A

parturition

76
Q

What are cells that all female mammals have that make milk?

A

alveoli

77
Q

What do lobules do?

A

carry milk away

78
Q

What do lobes do?

A

enter gland in cistern

79
Q

What are muscle cells that surround the alveolus?

A

myoepthelial

80
Q

What is mastitis?

A

inflammation of mammary gland

81
Q

How do modern dairies milk?

A

automatic pulsation vacuum system

82
Q

What are some digestive problems with a horse?

A

colic, laminitis, heaves, aztouria

83
Q

What is a colic?

A

upset stomach in horse.

84
Q

What is laminits?

A

inflammation of laminae of feet (or layers of hoof)

85
Q

What are heaves?

A

respiratory distress in exhaling, caused by dusty or moldy feed

86
Q

What is Aztouria?

A

Monday morning disease, temporary paralysis

87
Q

What are the four natural gaits of a horse?

A

walk, trot, canter, gallop

88
Q

Describe a bay horse.

A

body color ranging from tan, red and reddish brown with black points on mane, tail and legs.

89
Q

Describe a Sorrel horse.

A

body color reddish or copper-red. Mane and tail usually the same color.

90
Q

Describe a Bucksin horse.

A

body color yellowish or gold with black mane and tail

91
Q

What are characteristics of quarterhorse breed?

A

american breed, incorporation of many breeds, speed over short distances and used for many thiings

92
Q

What are characteristics of paint breed?

A

colorful coat patter, more paint the better

93
Q

What are characteristics of thoroughbred?

A

speed over long distance, universal race horse, and Jockey club

94
Q

What are characteristics of Arabian breed?

A

stamina, speed and beauty, purest of all breeds, unique look to head

Animal Science (4 decks)

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