ASI Terminology Flashcards
Genotype
genetic makeup of an animal
Phenotype
physical appearance of an animal
Spermatogenesis
development of male sex cells
Oogensis
development of female sex cells
Mitosis
simple cell division
Meiosis
reduction division of sex cells - makes a cell that is 1N
Homozygous
animal whose genotype for a trait consists of like gene pairs - PP
Heterozygous
genotype consists of unlike gene pairs - Pp
Recessive gene
gene that is masked by dominant gene
Heritability
the proportion of an observed trait that is passed on to progeny
Selection Differential (Reach)
average superiority of an individual over the average of the population from which they are seeded
Generation Interval
average age of the parents when the offspring is born
Differential Reproduction
certain animals will produce more offspring than others
Digestion
obtaining nutrients essential for the body processes from food
Absorption
crossing the intestinal epithelium and sending nutrients to the blood
prehension
food grasping of gathering
mastication
chewing
degulation
swallowing
Afferent of sensory neurons
conduct excitation from receptor to CNS
Efferent of motor neurons
conduct excitation from CNS to target organ
Somatic Nervous System
controls voluntary muscles
Autonomic Nervous System
controls involuntary muscles and glands
Association or interneuron
connection between afferent and efferent neurons in CNS
Hyperplasia
growth in number of cells
Hypertrophy
growth in size of cells
Synapse
point of contact between neurons which are functionally related - is a gap between dentrite and axon
Heterosis
The tendency of a crossbred individual to show qualities superior to those of both parents.
Polyestrus
many recurring heat cycles
monoestrus
one heat per year
anestrus and reasons why
without heat:
pregnant, age, stress
Tuballigation
sterilization, tying of tubes
Dystocia
difficult birth
postpartum interval
time from birth until rebreed
Infundibulum
catches ovum, probably site of fertilization
Oviduct
passage way for egg and sperm
Uterus
site of implantation and attachment
Amnioin
inner most layer of tissue on the Uterus
Allantois or Alantoic cavitiy
Tissue of uterus, extension of fetal hind gut, disposal area for fetal waste products
chorion
Tissue of uterus, contact with wall of uterus
Free Martin
When twins in cattle are mix sex, the female that is born twin to a bull is usually called a Free Martin
Cervix
closure for uterus
Vagina
usual site of sperm deposition, common passageway for urine and reproproducts
Vulva
external genitalia of female
Cryptorchid
A male mammal with one or two testicles that fail to fall into the scrotum
Bull
intact male cattle
Steer
castrated male cattle
Ram
intact male sheep
Wether
castrated male sheep or goat
Buck
intact male goat
Boar
intact male hog
Barrow
castrated male hog
Stallion
intact male horse
Gelding
castrated male horse
Cock
intact male chicken
Capon
castrated male chicken
Stag
when testis are removed late in an animal’s life
Zygote
union of genetic material
embryo
when young takes form
parturition
act og giving birth
colostrum
mother’s first milk high in antibodies
zoonotic
disease that is transmitted from animal to humans
enucleation
removal of genetic material
nuclear transfer
the transfer of a donor nucleus
morbidity
how many get sick
mortality
how many die
Antibody
any of various proteins in the blood generated in reaction to foreign antigens - they produce immunity to certain micro-organisms
Antigen
anything that stimulates the production of an antibody
Antibiotic
any substance that inhibit growth or destroy micro-organisms
active immunity
animal builds an antibody in response to an antigen, takes time, can cause mild reaction
passive immunity
animal ingests antibodies - colostrum, injection, fast
