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Animal Science > ASI Terminology > Flashcards

ASI Terminology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Genotype

A

genetic makeup of an animal

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2
Q

Phenotype

A

physical appearance of an animal

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3
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

development of male sex cells

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4
Q

Oogensis

A

development of female sex cells

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5
Q

Mitosis

A

simple cell division

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6
Q

Meiosis

A

reduction division of sex cells - makes a cell that is 1N

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7
Q

Homozygous

A

animal whose genotype for a trait consists of like gene pairs - PP

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8
Q

Heterozygous

A

genotype consists of unlike gene pairs - Pp

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9
Q

Recessive gene

A

gene that is masked by dominant gene

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10
Q

Heritability

A

the proportion of an observed trait that is passed on to progeny

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11
Q

Selection Differential (Reach)

A

average superiority of an individual over the average of the population from which they are seeded

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12
Q

Generation Interval

A

average age of the parents when the offspring is born

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13
Q

Differential Reproduction

A

certain animals will produce more offspring than others

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14
Q

Digestion

A

obtaining nutrients essential for the body processes from food

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15
Q

Absorption

A

crossing the intestinal epithelium and sending nutrients to the blood

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16
Q

prehension

A

food grasping of gathering

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17
Q

mastication

A

chewing

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18
Q

degulation

A

swallowing

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19
Q

Afferent of sensory neurons

A

conduct excitation from receptor to CNS

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20
Q

Efferent of motor neurons

A

conduct excitation from CNS to target organ

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21
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

controls voluntary muscles

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22
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

controls involuntary muscles and glands

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23
Q

Association or interneuron

A

connection between afferent and efferent neurons in CNS

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24
Q

Hyperplasia

A

growth in number of cells

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25
Q

Hypertrophy

A

growth in size of cells

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26
Q

Synapse

A

point of contact between neurons which are functionally related - is a gap between dentrite and axon

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27
Q

Heterosis

A

The tendency of a crossbred individual to show qualities superior to those of both parents.

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28
Q

Polyestrus

A

many recurring heat cycles

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29
Q

monoestrus

A

one heat per year

30
Q

anestrus and reasons why

A

without heat:

pregnant, age, stress

31
Q

Tuballigation

A

sterilization, tying of tubes

32
Q

Dystocia

A

difficult birth

33
Q

postpartum interval

A

time from birth until rebreed

34
Q

Infundibulum

A

catches ovum, probably site of fertilization

35
Q

Oviduct

A

passage way for egg and sperm

36
Q

Uterus

A

site of implantation and attachment

37
Q

Amnioin

A

inner most layer of tissue on the Uterus

38
Q

Allantois or Alantoic cavitiy

A

Tissue of uterus, extension of fetal hind gut, disposal area for fetal waste products

39
Q

chorion

A

Tissue of uterus, contact with wall of uterus

40
Q

Free Martin

A

When twins in cattle are mix sex, the female that is born twin to a bull is usually called a Free Martin

41
Q

Cervix

A

closure for uterus

42
Q

Vagina

A

usual site of sperm deposition, common passageway for urine and reproproducts

43
Q

Vulva

A

external genitalia of female

44
Q

Cryptorchid

A

A male mammal with one or two testicles that fail to fall into the scrotum

45
Q

Bull

A

intact male cattle

46
Q

Steer

A

castrated male cattle

47
Q

Ram

A

intact male sheep

48
Q

Wether

A

castrated male sheep or goat

49
Q

Buck

A

intact male goat

50
Q

Boar

A

intact male hog

51
Q

Barrow

A

castrated male hog

52
Q

Stallion

A

intact male horse

53
Q

Gelding

A

castrated male horse

54
Q

Cock

A

intact male chicken

55
Q

Capon

A

castrated male chicken

56
Q

Stag

A

when testis are removed late in an animal’s life

57
Q

Zygote

A

union of genetic material

58
Q

embryo

A

when young takes form

59
Q

parturition

A

act og giving birth

60
Q

colostrum

A

mother’s first milk high in antibodies

61
Q

zoonotic

A

disease that is transmitted from animal to humans

62
Q

enucleation

A

removal of genetic material

63
Q

nuclear transfer

A

the transfer of a donor nucleus

64
Q

morbidity

A

how many get sick

65
Q

mortality

A

how many die

66
Q

Antibody

A

any of various proteins in the blood generated in reaction to foreign antigens - they produce immunity to certain micro-organisms

67
Q

Antigen

A

anything that stimulates the production of an antibody

68
Q

Antibiotic

A

any substance that inhibit growth or destroy micro-organisms

69
Q

active immunity

A

animal builds an antibody in response to an antigen, takes time, can cause mild reaction

70
Q

passive immunity

A

animal ingests antibodies - colostrum, injection, fast

Animal Science (4 decks)

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