Exam 3 Flashcards
what are the three steps to convert Acetyl CoA from pyruvate
decarboxylation
oxidation
transfer acetyl group to coenzyme A
what are the two anaplerotic reactions for TCA cycle
- degradation of amino acids
2. carboxylation of pyruvate
major steps in the syntehsis of fatty acids
phase 1 : cytosolic entry of acetyl coA
phase II : generation of malonyl coA
phase III: fatty acid chain formation
PHase 1, cytosolic entry of acetyl coA steps
1 - Acetyl CoA with oxaloacetate to form citrate with citrate synthase
2 - transport of citrate from matrix to cytosol via citrate transporter
3 - citrate converted back to acetyl coa and OAA by citrate lyase (uses atp)
4 - OAA reduce dto malate by malate dehydrogenase.
5 - malate transported into mito via malate - alpha keto glutarate transpoter and then goes back to OAA by malate dehydrogenase
6- cytosolic malate > pyruvate by malic enzyme. pyruvate transported to matrix via pyruvtea transporter and cacarboxylated by pyruvate carboxylase to OAA
+ regulators for citrate to oxaloacetate and acetyl coA
+ glucose, insulin
- regulators for citrate to oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA
- PUFA, leptin
+ regulators for acetyl coa to malonyl coa
+ citrate, insulin
- regulators for acetyl coa to malonyl coa
- glucagon, epi, high amp, palmitate, PUFA
+ regulators for
+ insulin, glucocorticoid hormones
- regulators for
- PUFA
what dimers is Fatty Acid Synthase complex made of
?
ketoacyl synthase, acetyl transacylase, malonyl transacylase, hydralase, enoyl reductase, ketoacyl reductase, Acyl carrier protein (ACP), thioesterase
REACTIONS CATALYZED BY FAS
condensation reduction dehydration reduction product release
PUFA
polyunsaturated fatty acids
arachidonate precursor for
prostaglandins
prostacyclins
thromboxanes
leukotriends
prostaglandins stimulate \_\_\_ regulate \_\_\_ control \_\_\_ modulate \_\_ induce \_\_\_\_
prostaglandins stimulate inflammation regulate blood flow to organs control ion transport across membranes modulate synaptic transmission induce sleep
what are perilipin
family of proteins that coat lipd droplets in adipocytes and muscle cells
(target of obesity tx)
organs for steroid syntehsis
adrenal gland
testes
ovary
organ for fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis
liver
organs for fatty acid synthesis
adipose tissue
mammary gland
primary need for PPP
nucleotide synthesis
NADPH
3 PHOSPHOGLYCERATE derivatives
serine
glycine
cysteine
tyrosine is a catabolic intermediate of
phenylalanine
histidine is synthesized from
ribose-5-phosphate
how does tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine synthesis begin
combining erythrose-4- phosphate and
phosphoenolpyruvate
valine leucine and isoleucine are synthesized from
pyruvate
heme derivative of
glycine
glutathione, polyamines, GABA derivative of
glutamate
NO, creatine phosphate derivative of
arginine
SAM derivative of
methionine
histamine derivative of
histidine
serotonin derivative of
tryptophan
epi/norepi, dopamine, melanins derivative of
tyrosine
