Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three steps to convert Acetyl CoA from pyruvate

A

decarboxylation
oxidation
transfer acetyl group to coenzyme A

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2
Q

what are the two anaplerotic reactions for TCA cycle

A
  1. degradation of amino acids

2. carboxylation of pyruvate

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3
Q

major steps in the syntehsis of fatty acids

A

phase 1 : cytosolic entry of acetyl coA
phase II : generation of malonyl coA
phase III: fatty acid chain formation

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4
Q

PHase 1, cytosolic entry of acetyl coA steps

A

1 - Acetyl CoA with oxaloacetate to form citrate with citrate synthase
2 - transport of citrate from matrix to cytosol via citrate transporter
3 - citrate converted back to acetyl coa and OAA by citrate lyase (uses atp)
4 - OAA reduce dto malate by malate dehydrogenase.
5 - malate transported into mito via malate - alpha keto glutarate transpoter and then goes back to OAA by malate dehydrogenase
6- cytosolic malate > pyruvate by malic enzyme. pyruvate transported to matrix via pyruvtea transporter and cacarboxylated by pyruvate carboxylase to OAA

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5
Q

+ regulators for citrate to oxaloacetate and acetyl coA

A

+ glucose, insulin

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6
Q
  • regulators for citrate to oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA
A
  • PUFA, leptin
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7
Q

+ regulators for acetyl coa to malonyl coa

A

+ citrate, insulin

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8
Q
  • regulators for acetyl coa to malonyl coa
A
  • glucagon, epi, high amp, palmitate, PUFA
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9
Q

+ regulators for

A

+ insulin, glucocorticoid hormones

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10
Q
  • regulators for
A
  • PUFA
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11
Q

what dimers is Fatty Acid Synthase complex made of

?

A

ketoacyl synthase, acetyl transacylase, malonyl transacylase, hydralase, enoyl reductase, ketoacyl reductase, Acyl carrier protein (ACP), thioesterase

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12
Q

REACTIONS CATALYZED BY FAS

A
condensation
reduction
dehydration
reduction 
product release
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13
Q

PUFA

A

polyunsaturated fatty acids

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14
Q

arachidonate precursor for

A

prostaglandins
prostacyclins
thromboxanes
leukotriends

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15
Q
prostaglandins stimulate \_\_\_
regulate \_\_\_ 
control \_\_\_  
modulate \_\_ 
induce \_\_\_\_
A
prostaglandins stimulate inflammation
regulate blood flow to organs
control ion transport across membranes
modulate synaptic  transmission
induce sleep
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16
Q

what are perilipin

A

family of proteins that coat lipd droplets in adipocytes and muscle cells
(target of obesity tx)

17
Q

organs for steroid syntehsis

A

adrenal gland
testes
ovary

18
Q

organ for fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis

19
Q

organs for fatty acid synthesis

A

adipose tissue

mammary gland

20
Q

primary need for PPP

A

nucleotide synthesis

NADPH

21
Q

3 PHOSPHOGLYCERATE derivatives

A

serine
glycine
cysteine

22
Q

tyrosine is a catabolic intermediate of

A

phenylalanine

23
Q

histidine is synthesized from

A

ribose-5-phosphate

24
Q

how does tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine synthesis begin

A

combining erythrose-4- phosphate and

phosphoenolpyruvate

25
valine leucine and isoleucine are synthesized from
pyruvate
26
heme derivative of
glycine
27
glutathione, polyamines, GABA derivative of
glutamate
28
NO, creatine phosphate derivative of
arginine
29
SAM derivative of
methionine
30
histamine derivative of
histidine
31
serotonin derivative of
tryptophan
32
epi/norepi, dopamine, melanins derivative of
tyrosine