Comp Review Flashcards
determined
cells that are fated to develop into a specialized cell type despite changes in environment
cells that can change rapidly due to alterations in environment
completely undetermined
committed
cells that have some attributes of a particular cell type but can change with environment
growth cone behavior is dictated by
cytoskeletal machinery
what controls the assembly/disassembly of_____ filaments which control movement of growth cone
actin
rho and rac
migration of growth cones
chemotactic factors
released by neighboring cells, attractive or repulsive
attractant - netrin,
repellant - slit, semaphorin
neurotrophic factor
forms synapse with target cell
if doesn’t happen cell dies
docking and fusing for vesicular trafficking
RAB grabs and directs vesicle
Snare mediates fusion with membrane
sorting signal of lysosomes
mannose-6-phosphate
3 types chromatography
- ion exchange - charge
- gel-filtration - size
- affinity - enzyme substrate
characteristics of stem cells
NOT TERMINALLY DIFFERENTIATED \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ -can divide without limit -ability to renew themselves -after division each new cell has ability to stay stem cell or differentiate
epidermis is renewed every
month
what are the dividing cells of epidermis
basal cells
attached to basal lamina
smell ligands bind to
g protein coupled receptor
odorant receptor proteins
pluripotency
ability of a cell to give rise to ALL cells of the embyryo and subsequently adult tissues
- embryonic stem cells
multipotency
ability of a cell to give rise to different cells types of a GIVEN lineage
- adult stem cells
totipotent
zygote stem cells
pathway to deliver lysosomes:
phagocytosis
endocytosis
autophagy
pH < pKa
protonated
pH > pKa
deprotonated
gonna give up that proton
pH = pKa
either or protonated or deprotonated
proton donor
weak acid
conjugate base
proton acceptor
reduced
gain of electron
rig
oxidized
loss of electron
oil
reduced at NADH
oxidized at NAD+
REDUCED AT FADH2 oxidized at
FAD
allosteric effector
binds at a unique location and alters protein’s function
competitive effector
competes with the intended substrate to bind the active site
functions variations of a single enzyme
isozyme
