Exam 2 Flashcards
Why is phosphorylation activating?
- thermodynamics
- kinetics
- cell processes - atp concentration, signal transduction amplification
- shape and charge complementarity
(each Phos adds (-2) charge and (3+) H)
Actase is inhibited by CTP
binding of CTP prefers the _______ state.
binding of ATP prefers the
________ state.
CTP - T/inactive state
t for tense
ATP - R/active state
r for relaxed - active
Two levels of protein synthesis regulation
Transcription regulation @ promoters
translation regulation @ UTR
Histone Acetylation ___ transcription
promotes
histone phosphorylation _______ transcription
prevents
histone methylation __________ transcription
promotes (with acetyl) or prevents (by self)
heterochromatin
tightly packed chromatin -transcription off
lipid structure
polar hydrophilic head
nonpolar hydrophobic tails
saturated fatty acids
all single bonds
fatty acids are numbered
from carboxyl-end
alpha-C
to methyl-end
omega-C
fatty acids (naming)
- oic Acid = __________
- oate = __________
- oic Acid = protonated acid
- oate = deprotonated conjugate base
(#:#)
( total # carbons: total # double bonds)
TAGs vs. Waxes
triacylglycerol has glycerol with 3 fatty acid chains
waxes have alcohol with 2 chains
contains phosphates
phospholipids
contains sugars
glycolipids
glycosphingolipids are important for
- ABO blood type antigens
- cell signaling
are carbohydrates in contact with cytosol
no
they do attach to lipids and proteins on cell surface
integral membrane proteins
span the entire width of the lipid bilayer
peripheral membrane proteins
span only part of the width of the lipid bilayer
in humans the rigidity of the membrane is determined by
fatty acid composition
cholesterol content
