exam 3

Question 1

how often individuals engage in crime

Answer 1

Frequency

Question 2

how common or widespread

Answer 2

Prevalence

Question 3

learn how people feel about crime, cj policy, ect.

Answer 3

Perceptions & attitudes

Question 4

Respondent is asked to provide his or her own answers

Answer 4

Open-Ended

Question 5

select from options

Answer 5

Closed-Ended

Question 6

True or False, typical questionnaire has many statements as questions

Answer 6

True

Question 7

whether question is asked depends on response to previous question

Answer 7

Contingency Questions

Question 8

several questions w/same set of answer categories

Answer 8

matrix questions

Question 9

T or F, Mail surveys result in higher response rates than in person surveys

Answer 9

False

Question 10

Small group to engage in guided discussion

Answer 10

Focus Groups

Question 11

structure of interview that may have predetermined questions or topical areas to be discussed with participants

Answer 11

Interview Schedule

Question 12

3 types of qualitative interviews

Answer 12

structured
semi-structured
unstructured

Question 13

consists of predetermined questions & often answers are standardized

Answer 13

structured

Question 14

standardized questions but allows one to explore themes that emerge in the interview

Answer 14

Semi-structured

Question 15

provides most breadth, depth & natural interaction w. participants

Answer 15

Unstructured

Question 16

double-barreled questions

Answer 16

questions that simultaneously ask participants 2 questions

avoid asking this when doing qualitative interview questions

Question 17

2 methods for obtaining data

Answer 17

Making direct observations

asking questions

Question 18

categories of risk factors

Answer 18

Internal physical characteristics/atmosphere
organizational factors
patron characteristics
External characteristics

Question 19

Roles of observers

Answer 19

Full Participant
Participant-as-observer
observer-as-participant
Complete observer

Question 20

summarize/describe data in manageable way

Answer 20

Descriptive Statistics

Question 21

generalize from samples to larger populations & test significance of observed relationship

Answer 21

Inferential statistics

Question 22

examines distribution of cases on one variable

Answer 22

Univariate analysis

Question 23

loss of some detail but more manageable

Answer 23

Frequency distributions

Question 24

most frequent attibute/value

Answer 24

mode

Question 25

middle attribute/value in ranked distribution of observed attributes/values

Answer 25

median

Question 26

arithmetic average

Answer 26

mean

Question 27

distance separating highest from lowest value

Answer 27

range

Question 28

average amount of variation about the mean

Answer 28

Standard deviation

Question 29

expresses both dispersion & grouping of cases, what % of cases fall at or below some value

Answer 29

percentile

Question 30

descriptive statistics in cj reseaerch

Answer 30

Rates

Question 31

represents central concept we are interesting in measure

Answer 31

numerator

Question 32

examine relationship between 2 variables

Answer 32

bivariate analysis

Question 33

involves 2 or more varaibles and 1 dependant variable

Answer 33

multivariate analysis

Question 34

strength of relationship

Answer 34

Measures of association

Question 35

closer to 1 (or -1 for some measures), the stronger the association

Answer 35

Magnitude

Question 36

if relationship is positive or negative

Answer 36

Direction