ch 6

Question 1

Purpose of measuring crime

Answer 1

Monitoring, Agency accountability, Research

Question 2

Crimes known to & recorded by police

Answer 2

Official Data

Question 3

Most widely cited source of official crime statistics

Also issued by FBI and collected since 1930

Answer 3

Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)

Question 4

increases information about crime, inclusion of all offenses in an incident rather than only most serious offense

Answer 4

National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)

Question 5

ask crime victims about encounters w/ offenders

Answer 5

Victim Surveys

Question 6

Asks respondents to describe their own participation in delinquent or criminal acts

Answer 6

Self Report Surveys

Question 7

First recognized when studying working conditions in telephone “bank wiring room”, improved lighting & productivity went up

Answer 7

Hawthorne effect

effect found that workers responded to researchers and not the lighting

Question 8

The O in classical experiment stands for

Answer 8

Observation/measurement

Question 9

The X in classical experiment stands for:

Answer 9

Experimental stimulus

Question 10

The T in classical experiment stands for

Answer 10

Time point

Question 11

testing & retesting may influence peoples behavior/research results

Answer 11

Testing

Question 12

Concerned w/change in measurement process itself

Answer 12

Instrumentation

Question 13

Potential problem when cases have extreme scores on some variable

Answer 13

Statistical Regression

Question 14

randomization eliminates potential for systematic bias in selecting subjects but subjects may be chosen in other ways that threaten validity

Answer 14

Selection Bias

Question 15

Subjects drop out of experiment before it is complicated, can affect statistical comparisons & conclusions

Answer 15

Experimental Mortality

Question 16

ambiguity about time order of IV (stimulus) and DV

Answer 16

Causal Time Order

Question 17

experimental & control groups are in communication w/eachother –e.g. experimental subjects pass on some elements of experimental stimulus to control group

Answer 17

Diffusion

Question 18

control group learns about treatment & develops a competitive attitude toward experimental group

Answer 18

Compensatory Rivalry

Question 19

Feelings of deprivation among control group members may result in subjects giving up-not necessarily dropping out, but no longer trying

Answer 19

Demoralization

Question 20

2 Experimental groups receive different treatments OR different levels of a single treatment & one control group

Answer 20

Factorial Design

Question 21

Examining series of observations on some variable over time

Answer 21

Time series designs

Question 22

series of observations compared before & after some intervention is introduced

Answer 22

Simple interrupted time series