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Anthropology 1 > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is taxonomy?

A

the study of the general principles of scientific classification : systematics.

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2
Q

who proposed taxonomy?

A

aristotle
apprently

but lieanues

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3
Q

what are taxa?

A

Taxon, plural Taxa, any unit used in the science of biological classification, or taxonomy

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4
Q

characteristics for kingdom animalia

A

consume other organisms, muscle fibers, nervous system

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5
Q

characteristics for phlym chordata

A

ANIMALS OF INTERNAL SKELETON

Notochord (cartiloginous rods, dorsal nerve, gill slits)

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6
Q

characteristics of subphylum vertebrata

A

spine, spinal chord

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7
Q

chracteristics of class mammalia

A

mammory glands, fur, learned behavior,

endothermy
heterodonty

LEARNED BEHAVIOR- MOTHER - OFFSPRING INTERACTION - CHILDHOOD PERIOD - HIGHER INTELLIGENCE

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8
Q

what is endothermy

A

maintenance of optional body temperature through inerval physiological mechanisms

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9
Q

what is heterodonty

A

regional differentiation of teeth (incisors, canines, permolous, molar)

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10
Q

what are primates

A

mammals who characteristics could be understood as adapations to an arboreal environment

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11
Q

what is intermembral index

A

proportion of arms to legs

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12
Q

explain pentadactylism

EMPHASIS ON TOUCH

A

(shared ancestral feature); opposable thumbs, ability to grasp ( prehension of hand & food); fingers & toes end in nails; tacticle pads at the ends of fingers & toes

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13
Q

EMPHASIS ON VISION

where are the eyes, what type of vision

A

front of face; binocular field & stereoscopic vision

AKA 3-D Vision

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14
Q

this is where the development of what occurs…

A

post orbital bar & post orbital septum

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15
Q

explain the generalized skeletal structure of primates

A

body flexibility & Greater range of motion than most animals

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16
Q

what is the dental formual that corresponds to OW

A

2.1.2.3.

incisors, canine, premolars, molars

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17
Q

what is the dental formula that corresponds to NW

A

2.1.3.3.

incisors, canine, premolars, molars

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18
Q

what is a binomen

A

A name having two parts.

n. A scientific name at the rank of species, with two terms: a generic name and a specific name.

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19
Q

types of primate locomotion

A

Vertical Climbing & leaping

Quadrupedalism - branch running & walking
- ground running and walking

New world semibrachiation

Old world semibrachiation

True brachiation

Quadrumanous
Knuckle Walking
eRECT bipedalism

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20
Q

primate parents provide prolonged care for how many primates….

their offspring are smarter, socially complex, & live longer

A

FOR LESS OFFSPRING

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21
Q

female primates give birth to…… offspring than other mammals

A

FEWER

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22
Q

for primates the investment in offspring is…

A

HIGH

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23
Q

development period is ….. especially in apes

A

LONGER

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24
Q

the development period related to larger…

A

brain size in primates

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25
Q

who have the largest brain for body size

A

HUMANS

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26
Q

What is strepsirhini

A

Strepsirrhini (“moist-nosed”

emphasis on sense of smell

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27
Q

what is haplorhini

A

Haplorhini is a suborder of primates containing the tarsiers and the simians

28
Q

what primates belong to the infraorder lemuriformes?

A

Lemurs

29
Q

what primates belong to the infraorder trasiiformes?

A

tarsiers

30
Q

characteristics of lemurs & lorises

eyes

A

Nocturnal; eyes adapted for night vision; no color vision.

Have Large eyes

Have Stereoscopic Vision

31
Q

characteristics of lemurs & lorises

smell

A

well dveloped smell; protruding snout; nostrils surrounded by a rhinarium ; upper lips attached to to gums by a philtrum

(STREPSIRHINE; NOSE WITH CURVED NOSTRILS

32
Q

characteristics of lemurs & lorises

hands & feet

A

prehensile hands & feet , but limited opposability of thumbs

second toes that end in claws- grooming claws

THEY GOT DENTAL COMBS TOO

33
Q

explain dental comb

A

a dental structure found in some mammals, comprising a group of front teeth arranged in a manner that facilitates grooming, similar to a hair comb. The toothcomb occurs in lemuriform primates

34
Q

what do lemurs eat

A

variety of foods, omnivorous in some cases

35
Q

do lemur species vary in size

A

ya from 15 pounds to few ounces

36
Q

tarsiers characteristics

where?

A

certain islands in east asia

37
Q

tarsier characteristic

eyes

A

STRICTLY nocturnal with very large eyes

38
Q

what do tarsiers lack

A

rhinarium

39
Q

type of face tarsiers have

A

flat face

40
Q

do tarsiers have more or less emphasis on smell compared to lemurs

A

TARSIERS LESS

41
Q

what do tarsiers use to groom

A

grooming clawes, they dont have dental comb

42
Q

describe size of tarisers

A

very small

43
Q

foods that tarsiers eat?

A

insects, lizards

44
Q

What are the chracteristics of NW Monkeys

A 
platyrrhine nose (broad nose)
smaller than OW
stricty ARBOREAL
prehensile tail (in some species)
3 premolars in each quarter of the month
dental formulas 2.1.3.3. or 2.1.3.2.
45
Q

what are characteristics of OW monkeys

A

cattarhine nose (hook nose)

opposable thumbs

LARGER

sexual dimorphism

no prehensile tail

2 premolars per quadrant

DENTAL FORMULA:2.1.2.3.

Both semi terrestrial + arboreal

sexual skin in females

SEXUAL DIMORPHISM

46
Q

wht is sexual dimorphism

A

difference in body size and behavior between male and females

47
Q

what is the estrus

A

he period of time when female animals are sexually excited and receptive to mating. Estrus occurs around the time of ovulation in many species.

48
Q

what is sexual skin

A

a nearly hairless large swollen patch of skin around the genital area of females that becomes very prominent when they are in estrus click this icon to hear the preceding term pronounced. These areas swell with fluids and turn bright pink or red due to hormonal changes that occur in preparation for ovulation. The sexual skin also produces odors that excite males of the species. They become highly attentive to the females at this time. Sexual skins are found among many of the Old World monkey species in the subfamily Cercopithecinae (e.g., baboons) as well as the chimpanzees and bonobos.

49
Q

what is sexual sleection

A

Sexual Selection is a “special case” of-natural selection, and acts on an organisms ability to successfully attract, keep and copulate with a mate

50
Q

explain opposable thumb

A

your thumb moves in different directions than your fingers. That is why thumbs are also known as opposable thumbs.

51
Q

prehensility

A

Prehensility is the quality of an appendage or organ that has adapted for grasping or holding.

52
Q

what is a precision grip

A

A precision grip is the way you grab an object between the opposed tactile pads of the tips of the thumb and the fingers. Tactile pads are areas of the skin that are especially sensitive to pressure.

53
Q

what are tactile pads

A

A tactile pad is an area of skin that is particularly sensitive to pressure, temperature, or pain. Tactile pads are characterized by high concentrations of free nerve endings. In primates, the last phalanges in the fingers and toes have tactile pads, allowing very accurate manipulation of objects.

54
Q

what is a power grip

A

a power grip is the strongest human grip,

55
Q

what is rhinarium

A

The rhinarium is the naked skin surface surrounding the external openings of the nostrils in most mammals

56
Q

what is the philtrum

A

The philtrum, or medial cleft, is a vertical indentation in the middle area of the upper lip, common to many mammals, extending in humans from the nasal septum to the tubercle of the upper lip.

57
Q

what is suspensory behavior

A

Suspensory behaviour is a form of arboreal locomotion or a feeding behavior that involves hanging or suspension of the body below or among tree branches. This behavior enables faster travel while reducing path lengths to cover more ground when travelling, searching for food and avoiding predators.

58
Q

charactersitics of hominoids in general

A

bipedalism and big brains
less separation between the brain and the face.
walk upright
smaller at the top and larger at the bottom
spine of hominids also curves
femur, which is the thigh bone in hominids, is angled towards the knee, which stabilizes the body in relation to gravity.

59
Q

what hominoids belong to the family hylobatidae

A

siamangs and gibbons

60
Q

what are the characteristics of hylobatidaes

A

smaller of all apes
brachiating mode of locomotion
male & female form monogamous groups
siamangs produce very loud calls

61
Q

what hominoids belong to hominidae

A

ponginae (orangutangs)

gorillinae (gorillas)

homininae (chimps, bonobos, humans)

62
Q

what are the characteristics of the ponginae

orangutangs

A 
Fairly large; pronounced sexual dimorphism
long & coarse hair; orange, brown
arboreal , solitary
long birth intervals
found in sumatra and borneo ( indonesia)
63
Q

genus and species are reffered to as…

A

major taxa

64
Q

family, order, class,phyla, kindgom are reffered to as

A

higher taxa

65
Q

what species do humans belong to

A

HOMOSAPIENS

Anthropology 1 (4 decks)

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