Exam 1

Question 1

What is anthropology?

Answer 1

The study of human beings

Anthropos - man / logos - study of

Question 2

What are the 4 goals of anthropology?

Answer 2

1 - To understand the biological evolution of the human species

2 - To understand present-day human biological diversity

3 - To study the cultural past of human societies

4 - To understand the cultural similarities and differences among present day human groups

Question 3

What are the 4 fields of anthropology?

Answer 3

1 - Cultural Anthropology

The study of living, present day human cultures and societies

Question 4

3 things physical anthropologists do

Answer 4

study living ppl, primates, past ppl & their societies

Question 5

what is physical anthropology?

Answer 5

study of human biological evolution & human biocultural variation

Question 6

what is field work

Answer 6

long term explanation of a culture

Question 7

what is ethnography

Answer 7

description of a cultural group

Question 8

notes say that ethnography is ~~~

Answer 8

comparative

Question 9

what is anthropology

Answer 9

study of past cultures through the material remains ( artifacts)

Question 10

what is linguistic anthropology

Answer 10

concerned with the study of the origins and dynamics of human language (written or spoken symbols) with the comparison of a different languages with the relationship between language and thought and with the social and political aspects of languages

Question 11

what is physical or biological anthropology?

Answer 11

study of homosapiens being biological beings both in present and past. biological anthropology is also concerned with study of non human primates man’s nearest animal relatives.

Question 12

what is paleo anthropology

Answer 12

study of human evolution from the anyalsis of fossils

Question 13

what is primatology

Answer 13

sutdy of non human primates

Question 14

what is forensic anthropology

Answer 14

application of knowledge of human anatomy and in particular asteology and on skeletal id

Question 15

6 steps to humanness are?

Answer 15

bipedalism

nonhoning chewing

complex material culture and tool use

hunting

specch

dependence on domesticated foods

Question 16

what do u do for science

Answer 16

seek predictable explanation for phenomena

Question 17

5 steps to science observation?

Answer 17

empirical observation

id of variables

hypothesis formulation

hypothesis testing

development of generalizations

Question 18

what is t heory

Answer 18

statement based on confirmed hypothesis

Question 19

nicolas copernicus showed…

Answer 19

earth is not center of universe

Question 20

carolus lunnaeus created…

Answer 20

system of classification

Question 21

carolus system of classifcation is important for what 3 reasons

Answer 21

imposed order upon natures infinte variation

provided means of seeing possible changes and ancestral relationships

included humans as one of the categories

Question 22

what is taxonomy

Answer 22

classification of living organisms

Question 23

how old earth is

Answer 23

6k

Question 24

what is the most influential and far reaching of the early views was the idea of human superiority or…

Answer 24

anthropocentricity

Question 25

Another early belief was that once a type of organism was created its descendants would remain....

Answer 25

IMMUTABLE!!

Question 26

1636 archbishop james calculated through the generations described in the bible that the earths creation took place in....

Answer 26

4004 bc

Question 27

what is uniformitariansim

Answer 27

theory that occurred in geologic past are still @ work today

Question 28

what is endemic

Answer 28

refers to a characteristic or feature that is natural to a given population or environment

Question 29

what is adaptive radiation

Answer 29

diversification of an ancestral group of organisms into new forms that are adapted to specific niches

Question 30

what are fossils

Answer 30

physical remains of part or all of once living organisms mostly bones and teeth that have become mineralized by the replacement of organic with inorganic materials

Question 31

what is species

Answer 31

a group of related organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile viable offspring

Question 32

what is habitat

Answer 32

the specific area of the natural environment in which an organism lives

Question 33

what is natural selection

Answer 33

process by which some organisms with features that enable them to adapt to the environment preferentially survive and reproduce thereby increasing the frequency of those features in population

Question 34

a physical anthropologist would be most likely to study ...

Answer 34

evolution of humans or other primates

Question 35

franz boas helped establish that human societies...

Answer 35

are influenced both by biology and by culture

Question 36

what is influenced both by genes and by environmental factors

Answer 36

biological make up

Question 37

what is not unique to humans

Answer 37

large honing canine teeth specialized for shredding food

Question 38

in scientific method, a theory is supported by

Answer 38

rigorous testing of hypothesis

Question 39

franz boas helped establish that human societies

Answer 39

are influenced both by biology and culture

Question 40

which idea did not help darwin form his theory of evolution?

Answer 40

earth is very old and its past organisms are preserved as fossils

Question 41

which observation supports the principle of natural selection

Answer 41

whole populations are routinely wiped out by catastrophes

Question 42

how would lamarckism explain why the giraffe has a long neck

Answer 42

a giraffes neck grows as it stretches to reach food and the trait is passed on to offspring

Question 43

today we know that ____ pass on traits

Answer 43

genes

Question 44

the evolutionary synthesis combines natural selection with...

Answer 44

genetics

Question 45

what is genetic drift

Answer 45

random change in allele frequency from one generation to the next with greater effect in small populations

Question 46

what is pop genetics

Answer 46

specialty within the field of genetics it focuses on the changes in gene frequencies and the effects of thoe changes on adaptation and evolution

Question 47

what is mutation

Answer 47

a random change in a gene or chromosome creating a new trait that may be advantageous deleterious or neutral in its effects on the organism

Question 48

what is gene flow

Answer 48

admixture of the exchange of alleles between two populations

Question 49

lamarcke =

Answer 49

acquired charatceristics

Question 50

what is gemmules

Answer 50

units of inherticance accumulated in the gametes so they could be passed on to offspring

Question 51

what is blending inheritance

Answer 51

outdated disreputed theory that the phenotype of an offspring was a uniform blend of the parents phenotypes

Question 52

what is allele

Answer 52

one or more alternative forms of a gene

Question 53

what is dominant

Answer 53

alelle that is expressed in an organisms phenotype and that simultaneously masks the effects of another allele if another is present

Question 54

recessive

Answer 54

expressed in phenotype if 2 copies are present but is masked if the dominant allele is present

Question 55

what is mendelian inheritance

Answer 55

basic principles associated with the transmission of genetic material forming the basis of genetics including the law of segregatiion and law of independent assortment

Question 56

what is evolutionary synthesis

Answer 56

unified theory of evolution that combines genetics with natural selection

Question 57

what r chromosomes

Answer 57

strand of dna found in the nucleus of ekaryotes that contains hundreds or thousands of genes

Question 58

what is genetype

Answer 58

genetic make up of organism combination of alleles for a given gene

Question 59

what is phenotype

Answer 59

physical expression of the genotype it may be influenced by the environment

Question 60

what is dna

Answer 60

double styranded molecule that provides the genetic code for an organism consisting of phosphate deoxyribose sugar and 4 types of nitrogen bases