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NSC Biology > Exam #3 > Flashcards

Exam #3 Flashcards

Biodiversity

1
Q

Tree of Life

A

> all life is connected

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2
Q

Characteristics of Life

A 
>cell-based
>DNA
>homeostasis
>grow/reproduce
>metabolize
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3
Q

Kingdoms of Life

A
  1. plants
  2. animals (Animalia)
  3. fungi
  4. protists (Protista)
  5. bacteria
  6. archaea
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4
Q

Archae

A

> unicellular

>extremophiles

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5
Q

Protists

A

> algae

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6
Q

Prokaryote

A

> no nucleus
bacteria
algae/phytoplankton

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7
Q

Eukaryote

A

> covering around DNA
nucleus
(YOU AND ME)

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8
Q

Cell Features

Bacteria

A

> unicellular
live in colonies
reproduce by big/split

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9
Q

Shape

Bacteria

A

> capsule in mouse shape

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10
Q

Benefits

Bacteria

A

+ Decomposition - Chemical Cycling
+ Nitrogen Fixation
+ Symbiotic Properties

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11
Q

Chemical Cycling

A

> decomposition

>puts nutrients back into water

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12
Q

Nitrogen Fixation

A

> nitrogen to nitrate

>gas in atmosphere to plant fertilizer

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13
Q

Symbiotic Properties

A

> helps digestive track

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14
Q

Harmful Effects

Bacteria

A

> storm drain overflows

>coliform gets into blood

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15
Q

Storm Drain Overflows

A

> Combined Waste Water System (storm drain + sewer)

>Combined Sewer Overflow (drains into river)

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16
Q

Coliform

A

> live in colon/gut
gets into blood (causes issues)
pet waste, farm runoff, misconnected sewers

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17
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

> Blue-Green Algae

>synthesizes

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18
Q

Blue-Green Algae Pigment

A

> Phy-coc-ya-nin

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19
Q

Toxic Blue-Green Algae

A

> Harmful Algal Bloom
crowded = releases toxins
high temps, low oxygen, stagnant water

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20
Q

Kingdom Protista

A

> eukaryotic
single cell or colony
plant-like
phytoplankton/algae or kelp

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21
Q

Algae

A 
>Green Algae
>Diatoms
>Red Algae
>Brown Algae
>Dinoflagellates
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22
Q

***Protozoan

A

> Heliozoa
Arcella
Amoeba

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23
Q

Phytoplankton

A 
>micro-algae
>chlorophyll
>photosynthesize
>Dinoflagellates
>Diatoms
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24
Q

Kingdom Animalia

A

> animals

***

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25
Phylum Annelida
>annelids (segmented worms) >Oli-gocha-etes >Leeches
26
Oligochaetes
>aquatic earthworms | >decomposers
27
Leeches
>attach to host for nutrients >many parasitic >decomposers
28
Phylum Arthropoda
>jointed appendages >chitin exoskeleton >largest animal phylum
29
Five Classes | Arthropods
1. Trilobites 2. Horseshoe Crabs 3. Arachnids (8) 4. Crustaceans (10) 5. Insects (6)
30
Class Crustacea
>decapods (10 appendages) | >crayfish, sowbugs, scuds
31
Class Insecta
>6 appendages >eggs/larvae in water >some aquatic adults
32
Diptera | Aquatic Insect
>truefly (misquito-like) >two wings >wormy maggot larva with appendages
33
Stoneflies
>(cricket-like) | >live under rocks
34
Caddisflies
>(moth-like) | >build cases
35
Mayflies
>(half moth with tail) | >three antennas
36
Odonata
>Dragonflies (perpendicular wings) | >Damselflies (paddles on larvae)
37
Beetles
>hardened forewings
38
Larvae
>look like caterpillars
39
Nymp
>look like immature versions of the adult
40
Bioindicators
>macro-invertebrate presence = stream health >Sensitive (good quality) vs. Tolerant (poor quality) >leeches = extremely tolerant
41
Bio-Assessment Methods
>macro-invertebrate tally | >biological survey
42
Phylum Mollusca
>organisms with shell >big muscular foot >shell is part of skin
43
Class Gastropoda
>snail (shell) >slugs (no shell) >herbivores, eat algae >sharp tongue
44
Types of Snails
>Orb (circle, sensitive) >Gilled (right, sensitive) >Pouch (left, tolerant)
45
Class Bivalves
>clams >mussels >two openings
46
Mussels
>foot burrows >filters water >bioaccumulation (builds up toxins inside) >reproduction (fish gills)
47
Life Cycle | Mussels
1. male releases sperm 2. female releases larvae 3. fish host (mature larvae) 4. falls off fish (metamorphosing juvenile) 5. crawling juveniles
48
Preferred Habitat | Mussels
>high flow >rocky substrate >low sedimentation
49
Threats to Freshwater Mussels
>habitat modification (dams, siltation) >pollution >invasive species (Zebra Mussels) >over-harvesting (button production)
50
Vertebrates
>backbones
51
Five Groups | Vertebrates
1. fish (50%) 2. birds 3. reptiles 4. amphibians 5. mammals
52
Warm vs. Cold | Blooded
Ectothermic- from outside | Endothermic- generate from within
53
Three Classes | Fish
1. Agnatha (jawless, lamprey) 2. Cond-rich-thyes (visible gills, shark) 3. Osteichthyes (bony fish)
54
Swim Bladder
>sac full of air regulated buoyancy
55
Fish Anatomy
>fins, scales, operculum (gills) | >lateral line (sensor)
56
Dorsal Fins
>on top
57
Pectoral Fins
>adjacent to gills
58
Pelvic Fins
>underneath
59
Anal Fin
>near poop
60
Caudal Fin
>large back propeller
61
Paddle Fish | Types of Fish
``` >rare >no teeth >slow >filters algae >spoonbill stabilizes >cartilage >commercial caviar ```
62
Lamprey | Types of Fish
>cartilage | >(worm-like)
63
Sturgeon
>ten feet long | >(shark-catfish- like)
64
Eel
>head like fish | >migrate
65
Bass | Type of Fish
``` >two dorsal >restaurant- sea bass >Blackbass (connected two dorsals) >Strike Bass (exotic species) >Temperate Bass (stripes) ```
66
Gar | Types of Fish
>common with long nose
67
Percids
>sport fish
68
Carp
>people put in ponds | >invasive
69
Minnows | Type of Fish
>one dorsal fin >tiny >family of fish >eat plankton
70
Perch and Darters | Type of Fish
``` >non-connected dorsals >no stripes >not to tail dorsal >colorful >no swim bladder >feed on macro-invertebrates ```
71
Catfish | Type of Fish
>whisker structures | >ex. Bullhead Catfish
72
Sunfish | Type of Fish
>connected two dorsals >bright males >camo females >omnivores
73
Suckers | Type of Fish
>sensitive
74
Sculpins
>rare >orange/brown >(lion fish-like)
75
Herring and Shad | Type of Fish
>one dorsal fin
76
Drum | Type of Fish
>long dorsal | >teeth in back of mouth
77
Benthivore | Fish Feeding Groups
>feed at bottom
78
Carnivore | Fish Feeding Groups
>meat eater | >ex. gar
79
Detritivore | Fish Feeding Groups
>eat detritus | dead organic matter
80
Herbivore | Fish Feeding Groups
>eat plants or algae | >ex. paddle fish
81
Intervore | Fish Feeding Groups
>eat invertebrates | >upturned mouth
82
Omnivore | Fish Feeding Groups
>eats everything
83
Piscivore | Fish Feeding Groups
>eat fish
84
Amphibians
``` >breath through skin (gills absorbed) >eggs/larva aquatic >adults terrestrial (land) >frogs, toads, salamanders, newts ```
85
Frogs
>green >smooth >long legs >jumpers
86
Toads
>brown >bumpy >dry skin >short stubby legs
87
Poisonous | Frogs and Toads
>passive | >have to ingest to get sick
88
Venomous | Snakes and Arachnids
>violently injected
89
Salamanders and Newts
>Order: Urodela >extra skin folds to breathe oxygen >Hellbender (3 ft) >Mudpuppy (1 ft)
90
Reptiles
``` >waterproof, dry scaly skin >eggs w/shells aquatic >adults live on land >ecotothermic >lungs ```
91
Turtles | Reptiles
>Snapping (pointy tail) >Red Ear >Softshell (pancake)
92
Snakes | Reptiles
>Queen (eat crayfish) >Water (not venomous) >Cottonmouth (venomous, triangle head)
93
River Mammals
>muskrat, river otter, beaver | >canada goose, great blue heron
94
Aves
>birds | ***
95
Aquatic Plants
>most are not aquatic | >Macrophytes- fresh water plants
96
Why Live in Water | Aquatic Plants
``` + Nursery ground + Safe places to hide + Absorb extra nutrients + Control algae + Hold silt in place ```
97
Types of Aquatic Plants
1. Lilly pad 2. Cattail 3. Duckweed 4. Coon’s Tail
98
Lilly Pad
(rooted plants)
99
Cattail
(emergent plants)
100
Duckweed
(free floating plants)
101
Coon's Tail
(underwater plants, submerged)
102
Abiotic
>non-living characteristics >determine what lives there >ex. sunlight, temperature, and weather factors
103
Field Tests
1. pH 2. Dissolved oxygen 3. Conductivity 4. Turbidity 5. Temperature
104
Conductivity | Field Parameters
>sum total of all the charged particles in the water >high = bad >200-800 mS (micro-siemens)
105
Dissolved Oxygen | Field Parameters
>anoxic - 4 (good) - hypoxic >oxygen near top >5-10 mg/L or PPM
106
pH | Field Parameters
>acidic - neutral - alkaline | >6-9 S.U.
107
Temperature | Field Parameters
>amount of heat | >25-35 degrees C
108
Turbidity | Field Parameters
>amount of suspended particles in water >indirect measure of light >1-12 NTUs
109
Secchi Disk
>1-2 meter | = healthy river
110
Green | Color of Aquatic Ecosystem
>algae, food, oxygen | >best condition
111
Blue | Color of Aquatic Ecosystem
>clear | >last color filtered out
112
Brown | Color of Aquatic Ecosystem
>silt, particles, runoff | >not healthy
113
Milky White | Color of Aquatic Ecosystem
>minerals | >calcium
114
Purple/Yellow/Red | Color of Aquatic Ecosystem
>algae has funky pigments

NSC Biology (4 decks)

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