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NSC Biology > Exam #3 > Flashcards

Exam #3 Flashcards

Biodiversity

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Tree of Life

A

> all life is connected

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2
Q

Characteristics of Life

A 
>cell-based
>DNA
>homeostasis
>grow/reproduce
>metabolize
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3
Q

Kingdoms of Life

A
  1. plants
  2. animals (Animalia)
  3. fungi
  4. protists (Protista)
  5. bacteria
  6. archaea
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4
Q

Archae

A

> unicellular

>extremophiles

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5
Q

Protists

A

> algae

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6
Q

Prokaryote

A

> no nucleus
bacteria
algae/phytoplankton

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7
Q

Eukaryote

A

> covering around DNA
nucleus
(YOU AND ME)

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8
Q

Cell Features

Bacteria

A

> unicellular
live in colonies
reproduce by big/split

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9
Q

Shape

Bacteria

A

> capsule in mouse shape

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10
Q

Benefits

Bacteria

A

+ Decomposition - Chemical Cycling
+ Nitrogen Fixation
+ Symbiotic Properties

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11
Q

Chemical Cycling

A

> decomposition

>puts nutrients back into water

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12
Q

Nitrogen Fixation

A

> nitrogen to nitrate

>gas in atmosphere to plant fertilizer

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13
Q

Symbiotic Properties

A

> helps digestive track

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14
Q

Harmful Effects

Bacteria

A

> storm drain overflows

>coliform gets into blood

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15
Q

Storm Drain Overflows

A

> Combined Waste Water System (storm drain + sewer)

>Combined Sewer Overflow (drains into river)

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16
Q

Coliform

A

> live in colon/gut
gets into blood (causes issues)
pet waste, farm runoff, misconnected sewers

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17
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

> Blue-Green Algae

>synthesizes

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18
Q

Blue-Green Algae Pigment

A

> Phy-coc-ya-nin

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19
Q

Toxic Blue-Green Algae

A

> Harmful Algal Bloom
crowded = releases toxins
high temps, low oxygen, stagnant water

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20
Q

Kingdom Protista

A

> eukaryotic
single cell or colony
plant-like
phytoplankton/algae or kelp

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21
Q

Algae

A 
>Green Algae
>Diatoms
>Red Algae
>Brown Algae
>Dinoflagellates
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22
Q

***Protozoan

A

> Heliozoa
Arcella
Amoeba

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23
Q

Phytoplankton

A 
>micro-algae
>chlorophyll
>photosynthesize
>Dinoflagellates
>Diatoms
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24
Q

Kingdom Animalia

A

> animals

***

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25
Q

Phylum Annelida

A

> annelids (segmented worms)
Oli-gocha-etes
Leeches

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26
Q

Oligochaetes

A

> aquatic earthworms

>decomposers

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27
Q

Leeches

A

> attach to host for nutrients
many parasitic
decomposers

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28
Q

Phylum Arthropoda

A

> jointed appendages
chitin exoskeleton
largest animal phylum

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29
Q

Five Classes

Arthropods

A
  1. Trilobites
  2. Horseshoe Crabs
  3. Arachnids (8)
  4. Crustaceans (10)
  5. Insects (6)
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30
Q

Class Crustacea

A

> decapods (10 appendages)

>crayfish, sowbugs, scuds

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31
Q

Class Insecta

A

> 6 appendages
eggs/larvae in water
some aquatic adults

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32
Q

Diptera

Aquatic Insect

A

> truefly (misquito-like)
two wings
wormy maggot larva with appendages

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33
Q

Stoneflies

A

> (cricket-like)

>live under rocks

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34
Q

Caddisflies

A

> (moth-like)

>build cases

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35
Q

Mayflies

A

> (half moth with tail)

>three antennas

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36
Q

Odonata

A

> Dragonflies (perpendicular wings)

>Damselflies (paddles on larvae)

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37
Q

Beetles

A

> hardened forewings

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38
Q

Larvae

A

> look like caterpillars

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39
Q

Nymp

A

> look like immature versions of the adult

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40
Q

Bioindicators

A

> macro-invertebrate
presence = stream health
Sensitive (good quality) vs. Tolerant (poor quality)
leeches = extremely tolerant

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41
Q

Bio-Assessment Methods

A

> macro-invertebrate tally

>biological survey

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42
Q

Phylum Mollusca

A

> organisms with shell
big muscular foot
shell is part of skin

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43
Q

Class Gastropoda

A

> snail (shell)
slugs (no shell)
herbivores, eat algae
sharp tongue

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44
Q

Types of Snails

A

> Orb (circle, sensitive)
Gilled (right, sensitive)
Pouch (left, tolerant)

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45
Q

Class Bivalves

A

> clams
mussels
two openings

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46
Q

Mussels

A

> foot burrows
filters water
bioaccumulation (builds up toxins inside)
reproduction (fish gills)

47
Q

Life Cycle

Mussels

A
  1. male releases sperm
  2. female releases larvae
  3. fish host (mature larvae)
  4. falls off fish (metamorphosing juvenile)
  5. crawling juveniles
48
Q

Preferred Habitat

Mussels

A

> high flow
rocky substrate
low sedimentation

49
Q

Threats to Freshwater Mussels

A

> habitat modification (dams, siltation)
pollution
invasive species (Zebra Mussels)
over-harvesting (button production)

50
Q

Vertebrates

A

> backbones

51
Q

Five Groups

Vertebrates

A
  1. fish (50%)
  2. birds
  3. reptiles
  4. amphibians
  5. mammals
52
Q

Warm vs. Cold

Blooded

A

Ectothermic- from outside

Endothermic- generate from within

53
Q

Three Classes

Fish

A
  1. Agnatha (jawless, lamprey)
  2. Cond-rich-thyes (visible gills, shark)
  3. Osteichthyes (bony fish)
54
Q

Swim Bladder

A

> sac full of air regulated buoyancy

55
Q

Fish Anatomy

A

> fins, scales, operculum (gills)

>lateral line (sensor)

56
Q

Dorsal Fins

A

> on top

57
Q

Pectoral Fins

A

> adjacent to gills

58
Q

Pelvic Fins

A

> underneath

59
Q

Anal Fin

A

> near poop

60
Q

Caudal Fin

A

> large back propeller

61
Q

Paddle Fish

Types of Fish

A 
>rare
>no teeth
>slow
>filters algae
>spoonbill stabilizes
>cartilage
>commercial caviar
62
Q

Lamprey

Types of Fish

A

> cartilage

>(worm-like)

63
Q

Sturgeon

A

> ten feet long

>(shark-catfish- like)

64
Q

Eel

A

> head like fish

>migrate

65
Q

Bass

Type of Fish

A 
>two dorsal
>restaurant- sea bass
>Blackbass (connected two dorsals)
>Strike Bass (exotic species)
>Temperate Bass (stripes)
66
Q

Gar

Types of Fish

A

> common with long nose

67
Q

Percids

A

> sport fish

68
Q

Carp

A

> people put in ponds

>invasive

69
Q

Minnows

Type of Fish

A

> one dorsal fin
tiny
family of fish
eat plankton

70
Q

Perch and Darters

Type of Fish

A 
>non-connected dorsals
>no stripes
>not to tail dorsal
>colorful
>no swim bladder
>feed on macro-invertebrates
71
Q

Catfish

Type of Fish

A

> whisker structures

>ex. Bullhead Catfish

72
Q

Sunfish

Type of Fish

A

> connected two dorsals
bright males
camo females
omnivores

73
Q

Suckers

Type of Fish

A

> sensitive

74
Q

Sculpins

A

> rare
orange/brown
(lion fish-like)

75
Q

Herring and Shad

Type of Fish

A

> one dorsal fin

76
Q

Drum

Type of Fish

A

> long dorsal

>teeth in back of mouth

77
Q

Benthivore

Fish Feeding Groups

A

> feed at bottom

78
Q

Carnivore

Fish Feeding Groups

A

> meat eater

>ex. gar

79
Q

Detritivore

Fish Feeding Groups

A

> eat detritus

dead organic matter

80
Q

Herbivore

Fish Feeding Groups

A

> eat plants or algae

>ex. paddle fish

81
Q

Intervore

Fish Feeding Groups

A

> eat invertebrates

>upturned mouth

82
Q

Omnivore

Fish Feeding Groups

A

> eats everything

83
Q

Piscivore

Fish Feeding Groups

A

> eat fish

84
Q

Amphibians

A 
>breath through skin
(gills absorbed)
>eggs/larva aquatic
>adults terrestrial (land)
>frogs, toads, salamanders, newts
85
Q

Frogs

A

> green
smooth
long legs
jumpers

86
Q

Toads

A

> brown
bumpy
dry skin
short stubby legs

87
Q

Poisonous

Frogs and Toads

A

> passive

>have to ingest to get sick

88
Q

Venomous

Snakes and Arachnids

A

> violently injected

89
Q

Salamanders and Newts

A

> Order: Urodela
extra skin folds to breathe oxygen
Hellbender (3 ft)
Mudpuppy (1 ft)

90
Q

Reptiles

A 
>waterproof, dry scaly skin
>eggs w/shells aquatic
>adults live on land
>ecotothermic
>lungs
91
Q

Turtles

Reptiles

A

> Snapping (pointy tail)
Red Ear
Softshell (pancake)

92
Q

Snakes

Reptiles

A

> Queen (eat crayfish)
Water (not venomous)
Cottonmouth (venomous, triangle head)

93
Q

River Mammals

A

> muskrat, river otter, beaver

>canada goose, great blue heron

94
Q

Aves

A

> birds

***

95
Q

Aquatic Plants

A

> most are not aquatic

>Macrophytes- fresh water plants

96
Q

Why Live in Water

Aquatic Plants

A 
\+ Nursery ground
\+ Safe places to hide
\+ Absorb extra nutrients
\+ Control algae
\+ Hold silt in place
97
Q

Types of Aquatic Plants

A
  1. Lilly pad
  2. Cattail
  3. Duckweed
  4. Coon’s Tail
98
Q

Lilly Pad

A

(rooted plants)

99
Q

Cattail

A

(emergent plants)

100
Q

Duckweed

A

(free floating plants)

101
Q

Coon’s Tail

A

(underwater plants, submerged)

102
Q

Abiotic

A

> non-living characteristics
determine what lives there
ex. sunlight, temperature, and weather factors

103
Q

Field Tests

A
  1. pH
  2. Dissolved oxygen
  3. Conductivity
  4. Turbidity
  5. Temperature
104
Q

Conductivity

Field Parameters

A

> sum total of all the charged particles in the water
high = bad
200-800 mS
(micro-siemens)

105
Q

Dissolved Oxygen

Field Parameters

A

> anoxic - 4 (good) - hypoxic
oxygen near top
5-10 mg/L or PPM

106
Q

pH

Field Parameters

A

> acidic - neutral - alkaline

>6-9 S.U.

107
Q

Temperature

Field Parameters

A

> amount of heat

>25-35 degrees C

108
Q

Turbidity

Field Parameters

A

> amount of suspended particles in water
indirect measure of light
1-12 NTUs

109
Q

Secchi Disk

A

> 1-2 meter

= healthy river

110
Q

Green

Color of Aquatic Ecosystem

A

> algae, food, oxygen

>best condition

111
Q

Blue

Color of Aquatic Ecosystem

A

> clear

>last color filtered out

112
Q

Brown

Color of Aquatic Ecosystem

A

> silt, particles, runoff

>not healthy

113
Q

Milky White

Color of Aquatic Ecosystem

A

> minerals

>calcium

114
Q

Purple/Yellow/Red

Color of Aquatic Ecosystem

A

> algae has funky pigments

NSC Biology (4 decks)

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