Make an Observation Ask Question Form a Hypothesis Experiment Draw a Conclusion Report Results

EXAM 1 Flashcards by neongreensciontc Lacey

! Ohio River

> starts in Pittsburg and distills in the Mississippi River (Cairo, IL)
Alleghany River and Monongahela River converge
TMU Field Station (RM451)
about 1,000 miles long

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STREAM

Science. Technology. Reading/Writing. Engineering. Art. Math.

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Natural Science

> studies the natural world
Chemistry
Physics
Biology

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Social Sciences

>study of human behavior
Sociology
Psychology
Economics
Political Science

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Science

> method of learning about the natural world

>knowledge gained from exploring

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Empirical Evidence

> derived from a sound experiment, not opinion based

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! Scientific Method

Make an Observation
Ask Question
Form a Hypothesis
Experiment
Draw a Conclusion
Report Results

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Soda Experiment Conclusion

> high temperatures decrease the solubility of gases in liquids

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5E’s with an Experiment

Engage- observe
Explore- ask a question
Explain- design an experiment
Elaborate- gather results
Evaluate- draw a conclusion

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Earth

> 2/3 water + 1/3 land
97% of water is saltwater
fresh water is in ice, underground, and less than 1% in lakes
60%-65% of human body is water

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Kentucky

> Kentucky has more stream water miles than Alaska
only one natural lake
third state in country for number of aquatic animals

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Reservoir

> manmade dam creates a manmade lake

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! Ways to Use Water

>Agricultural (uses most of fresh water, crops and livestock)
>Ecological (fish and wildlife)
>Recreation
>Industrial
>Home/Domestic
>Power

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! Lentic Ecosystem

> still water

>ex. ponds, lakes, wetlands, reservoir

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! Lotic Ecosystems

> flowing water

>ex. springs, streams, rivers, backwater, estuary

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! Watershed

> land that drains into a body of water

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The Dead Zone

> most trash ends up in the Gulf of Mexico

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NOCH Elements

> Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen
most common elements in humans
small and reactant

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Molecule

> elements bound together by electrons

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Covalent

> two atoms share electrons, strongest bonds

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Water Characteristics

> extremely simple, stable, and polar

>near universal solvent

Oxygen

> partial negative charge

>craves electrons

Hydrogen

> partial positive charge

Polar

> two sides with different charges

>opposite charges attract

Self-Assigns

>lines up by itself side by side | >H2O creates surface tension in a stitched straight pattern

Viscosity

>creates tension or drag while moving through bonded molecules

Water Density

>weighs more than air (higher) >colder = more dense >max density is 4 degrees Celsius (ice floats)

Density

>degree of compactness of a substance

Water Cycle

* Evaporation * Condensation * Precipitation * Runoff (picks up chemicals) * Infiltration * Transpiration

Forces that Move Water

* Sun * Wind * Gravity

Turbidity

>amount of particles in the water

Urban vs. Natural

>urban: more runoff, less infiltration (flash floods are more frequent) >natural: less runoff, more infiltration

Ecosystem Service

>free service the environment provides

Aquifer

>groundwater humans tap into to use

Recharging

>water cycle refills the ground water >streams continue to flow throughout the year (spring floods, winter drought)

Littoral Zone

>shallow area of lake or pond >sun reaches >allows vegetation to grow

Pelagic Zone

>deep area of lake or pond >sun never reaches >no vegetation

Three Main Areas of a Lake

(a) Epilimnion (warm) (b) Metalimnion (intermediate) (c) Hypolimnion (cold)

Lake Turnover

>warm water cools and sinks during the season | >changes places with cold water

Thermocline

>area of water where there is rapid change in temperature

Eutrophic

>perfect amounts of rich plankton/algae and photosynthesis (a) Water (b) Warm temperatures (c) Nutrients, light

Order of Algae Conditions

(a) Oligotrophic- too few (b) Mesotrophic (c) Eutrophic- perfect (d) Hypereutrophic- too much

Springs

>groundwater bubbles up to surface

Streams

>always in a “s” shape meandering pattern >high to low elevation by gravity >deflected by bank >more complex = more diverse

Headwater

>small stream >where the system starts (a) groundwater bubbles up (b) rain water collects

Three Points of a Stream

>Pool- deep slow moving water >Riffle- shallow fast moving rapids of a stream >Run- depth and speed is in between the pool and riffle

Riparian Zone

>lots of vegetation, healthy plant means healthy stream >roots prevents erosion >leaves shade prevent temperature influxes >berries and seeds drop into stream

Healthiest Streams

>watershed and riparian zone are key | >Licking River and Salt River are healthiest

Estuary

>river meets the sea

Channelization

>humans straighten the stream