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NSC Biology > EXAM #2 > Flashcards

EXAM #2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Geography of Ohio River

A 
>1,000 miles long
>Pittsburg, PA to Cairo, IL
>25-30 million people (10% of US)
>209,000 m^2
>20 locks and dams (10 produce electricity)
>busiest river for commerce
>5 million people drinking water
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2
Q

Five Tributaries of Ohio River

A 
>Little Miami
>Great Miami
>KY River
>TN River
>Allegheny
>Monongahela
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3
Q

Before the Ohio River

A

> Teays River System
15 thousand years ago
Ice Age (glaciers expanded)
Retreating Period (glaciers melt)

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4
Q

Ice Age Plants

A

> Early Flora (plants)

>ex. ferns

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5
Q

Ice Age Animals

A

> Megafauna (large animals)
ex. wooly mammoth, sabertooth tigers, mastodon
Big Bone Lick

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6
Q
  1. Paleo-Indians
A

> used Land Bridge
nomadic
groups of 20 to 50

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7
Q
  1. Archaic Indians
A

> second group

>cultivated crops

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8
Q
  1. Mound Builders
A

> Woodland Era
thousands of mounds
mysteriously disappeared

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9
Q
  1. Modern Tribes
A

> tribes seen today
sophisticated network
nations + tribes
ex. Iroquois, Shawnee

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10
Q

Early Europeans

A

> Jesuits
fur traders
renegades (running from law)

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11
Q

Fights Over Ohio Country

A

> region the earliest explorers claimed

>French (La Salle) vs. British (colonists)

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12
Q

British Indian Allies

A

> Iroquois

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13
Q

French Indian Allies

A

> Algonquin

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14
Q

Fur Traders and Trappers

A 
>hunted deer and beavers
>almost drove animals to extinction
>navigated through rivers
>caused conflicts
>traded alcohol for pelts
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15
Q

Ohio Company

A

> wealthy group established by Virginia planter to settle into Ohio Valley
goals: survey/explore, establish trade, move settlers
launched presence west of Appalachian Mountains

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16
Q

Cumberland Gap

A

> valley travelers used to get through the Appalachian Mountains

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17
Q

French and Indian War

A

> 1756-1763
fought over rights to Ohio River
French Era (dominated before)
Britain formally declared war on France

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18
Q

Treaty of Camp Charlotte

A

> 1774
first formal agreement where Native Americans relinquished property
11 years after Proclamation gave land to Indians

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19
Q

American Revolution

A

> 1776-1781
Colonists vs. British
General Cornwallis surrendered
Treaty of Paris (II)

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20
Q

Post-American Revolution

A

> Ordinances of 1785 and 1787
started settlement in West and Ohio River Valley
generals given land in the Ohio River Valley

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21
Q

Northwest Territory

A

> first organized US territory
created by the ordinances
General Authur St. Clair (governor)

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22
Q

About the Ordinances

A

> 1785 and 1787
allowed colonist to settle on the Ohio River
created Northwest Territories first organized US territory
banned slavery in the North
Ohio river as a dividing line
established Cinci (1788)

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23
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787/

Land Ordinance of 1785

A

> created Northwest Territories

>first organized territory

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24
Q

Treaty of Paris (I)

A

> 1763
ended French and Indian War
stoped France’s major presence
created Indian reservations as a reward

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25
Q

Treaty of Paris (II)

A

> 1783
ended American Revolution
land grants- military given land based on rank

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26
Q

War of 1812

A

> successful second war against Britain

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27
Q

Civil War

A

> 1861-1865
mostly fought in South
Virginia divided into North and South
Grant (Union) successful at controlling rivers
Lee (Confederates) surrendered
2.5 million soldiers, 620 thousand casualties

28
Q

Slave Legislaiton

A

> Fugitive Slave Laws- banned slavery in North, fugitives must be brought back to South
abolitionists- wanted to free slaves, no freedom of press

29
Q

Underground Railroad

Location

A

> Mason Dixon Line- battle line between North and South

>Ohio River = Jordan River

30
Q

Underground Railroad

Conductors

A

> John Rankin- North Star (lights on)

>John Parker- black and bought freedom

31
Q

Various Modes of Transportation

A

> canoe
flatboats/keelboats
steamboats

32
Q

Flatboat

A

> rectangular
broke down boat to create first barn/house
like a raft, good carrying freight

33
Q

Rivermen

A

> first men sent out West

>families stayed behind

34
Q

Keelboats

A

> cigar shape
sails, wind power, and oars
most ships above water
good carrying freight

35
Q

Canoes

A

> Native Americans

>shallow river with islands

36
Q

Types of Steamboats

A 
>Passengers
>Towboats (push barges)
>Ferries (transports cars)
>Snagboats
>Packetboats (carry commerce)
>Fueler (fuel boats)
>Showboats (Majestic Theater)
37
Q

Key U.S. Steamboats

A

> The Clermont (first commercial steamboat)
The New Orleans (first on western waters)
+11 weeks, sunk 3 yrs later
Delta Queen (still travels)
Belle of Louisville

38
Q

Steamboats

A

> motorized (upstream)
carried more passengers
main means in 1800’s

39
Q

Key Steamboat Figures

A

> James Watt- improved engine
John Fitch- paddle/wheels
Robert Fulton- Father of Steamboat Navigation

40
Q

USACE Projects

A

> Army Corps of Engineers Projects
regulates all navigable waterways
each phase lasted exactly 50 years

41
Q

Phase I

Army Corps of Engineers Projects

A

> Channel Clearance Project
1829-1879
snag removal
snag boats removes boulders and log jams

42
Q

Phase II

Army Corps of Engineers Projects

A 
>Canalization Project
>1879-1929
>locks and dams
>51 navigational locks/dams
>TMU #35
>wicket dam- used slats
43
Q

Phase III

Army Corps of Engineers Projects

A

> Tributary Project
1938-1988
to prevent flooding
built 67 dams/reservoirs

44
Q

Phase IV

Army Corps of Engineers Projects

A

> Modernization Project
1955-2005/2018
built new dams by getting rid of them and rebuilding 20
bigger, wider, two

45
Q

Pro’s of Steamboats

A

> could go up stream
faster
held more passengers

46
Q

Con’s of Steamboats

A

> short lifespan
disease
limited routes
accidents: fire, snagging, grounding, collision, explosion

47
Q

Pittsburg, PA

A

> 1785
Allegheny and Monongahela converge
Steel City or City of Bridges
Largest inland port in US (end of railway)

48
Q

Inland

A

> highways barges use for commercial traffic

49
Q

Cincinnati, OH

A

> 1788
The Queen City of the West or Queen City
factories along the river
Roebling Bridge- most famous bridge on the river (was only one could cross during flood)

50
Q

Louisville, KY

A

> formed right above the falls/rapids of the Ohio

51
Q

Cairo, IL

A

> did not adjust

>dying town

52
Q

Transportation

A

Ohio River:
>200 milion tons per year
>70% coal
>30% gravel

53
Q

Power

A

> coal producers are KY and WV
natural gas is cheapest (economic motives)
other energy sources from solar, wind, hydro

54
Q

Casino Business

A

> KY allowed gambling on the river before on land

55
Q

Four Great Rivers and

Commercial Traffic

A

> Ohio, Mississippi (2.5x larger), Missouri, Arkansas

>Ohio River is busiest commercial river in US

56
Q

Dams Near Field Station

A

> Meldahl Dam- right above Field Station

> Markland Dam- right below Field Station
Markland Pool- dam creates a pool behind it

57
Q

Paddle Fish

A

> no bones

>mascot of Field Station

58
Q

The Proclamation of 1763

A

> everything between Allegheny Mountains and Mississippi River reserved for Native American
controlled colonists as well

59
Q

Yellow Creek Massacre

A

> 21 Mingo Indians slaughtered

>prompted Lord Dunmore’s War to give British control over land

60
Q

US Constitution

A

> 1787

61
Q

Bill of Rights

A

> 1791

62
Q

Bill of Rights

A

> 1791

63
Q

Romantic Era

A

> in reality, steamboat travel was slow and arduous

64
Q

The New Orleans

A

> 1811

>first steamboat on western waters

65
Q

The Great Flood

A

> 1937

66
Q

Treaty of Easton

A

> 1758
Indians agreed to not help French
British agreed to not establish west of Allegheny

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