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NSC Biology > EXAM #2 > Flashcards

EXAM #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Geography of Ohio River

A 
>1,000 miles long
>Pittsburg, PA to Cairo, IL
>25-30 million people (10% of US)
>209,000 m^2
>20 locks and dams (10 produce electricity)
>busiest river for commerce
>5 million people drinking water
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2
Q

Five Tributaries of Ohio River

A 
>Little Miami
>Great Miami
>KY River
>TN River
>Allegheny
>Monongahela
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3
Q

Before the Ohio River

A

> Teays River System
15 thousand years ago
Ice Age (glaciers expanded)
Retreating Period (glaciers melt)

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4
Q

Ice Age Plants

A

> Early Flora (plants)

>ex. ferns

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5
Q

Ice Age Animals

A

> Megafauna (large animals)
ex. wooly mammoth, sabertooth tigers, mastodon
Big Bone Lick

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6
Q
  1. Paleo-Indians
A

> used Land Bridge
nomadic
groups of 20 to 50

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7
Q
  1. Archaic Indians
A

> second group

>cultivated crops

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8
Q
  1. Mound Builders
A

> Woodland Era
thousands of mounds
mysteriously disappeared

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9
Q
  1. Modern Tribes
A

> tribes seen today
sophisticated network
nations + tribes
ex. Iroquois, Shawnee

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10
Q

Early Europeans

A

> Jesuits
fur traders
renegades (running from law)

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11
Q

Fights Over Ohio Country

A

> region the earliest explorers claimed

>French (La Salle) vs. British (colonists)

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12
Q

British Indian Allies

A

> Iroquois

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13
Q

French Indian Allies

A

> Algonquin

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14
Q

Fur Traders and Trappers

A 
>hunted deer and beavers
>almost drove animals to extinction
>navigated through rivers
>caused conflicts
>traded alcohol for pelts
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15
Q

Ohio Company

A

> wealthy group established by Virginia planter to settle into Ohio Valley
goals: survey/explore, establish trade, move settlers
launched presence west of Appalachian Mountains

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16
Q

Cumberland Gap

A

> valley travelers used to get through the Appalachian Mountains

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17
Q

French and Indian War

A

> 1756-1763
fought over rights to Ohio River
French Era (dominated before)
Britain formally declared war on France

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18
Q

Treaty of Camp Charlotte

A

> 1774
first formal agreement where Native Americans relinquished property
11 years after Proclamation gave land to Indians

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19
Q

American Revolution

A

> 1776-1781
Colonists vs. British
General Cornwallis surrendered
Treaty of Paris (II)

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20
Q

Post-American Revolution

A

> Ordinances of 1785 and 1787
started settlement in West and Ohio River Valley
generals given land in the Ohio River Valley

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21
Q

Northwest Territory

A

> first organized US territory
created by the ordinances
General Authur St. Clair (governor)

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22
Q

About the Ordinances

A

> 1785 and 1787
allowed colonist to settle on the Ohio River
created Northwest Territories first organized US territory
banned slavery in the North
Ohio river as a dividing line
established Cinci (1788)

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23
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787/

Land Ordinance of 1785

A

> created Northwest Territories

>first organized territory

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24
Q

Treaty of Paris (I)

A

> 1763
ended French and Indian War
stoped France’s major presence
created Indian reservations as a reward

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25
Treaty of Paris (II)
>1783 >ended American Revolution >land grants- military given land based on rank
26
War of 1812
>successful second war against Britain
27
Civil War
>1861-1865 >mostly fought in South >Virginia divided into North and South >Grant (Union) successful at controlling rivers >Lee (Confederates) surrendered >2.5 million soldiers, 620 thousand casualties
28
Slave Legislaiton
>Fugitive Slave Laws- banned slavery in North, fugitives must be brought back to South >abolitionists- wanted to free slaves, no freedom of press
29
Underground Railroad | Location
>Mason Dixon Line- battle line between North and South | >Ohio River = Jordan River
30
Underground Railroad | Conductors
>John Rankin- North Star (lights on) | >John Parker- black and bought freedom
31
Various Modes of Transportation
>canoe >flatboats/keelboats >steamboats
32
Flatboat
>rectangular >broke down boat to create first barn/house >like a raft, good carrying freight
33
Rivermen
>first men sent out West | >families stayed behind
34
Keelboats
>cigar shape >sails, wind power, and oars >most ships above water >good carrying freight
35
Canoes
>Native Americans | >shallow river with islands
36
Types of Steamboats
``` >Passengers >Towboats (push barges) >Ferries (transports cars) >Snagboats >Packetboats (carry commerce) >Fueler (fuel boats) >Showboats (Majestic Theater) ```
37
Key U.S. Steamboats
>The Clermont (first commercial steamboat) >The New Orleans (first on western waters) +11 weeks, sunk 3 yrs later >Delta Queen (still travels) >Belle of Louisville
38
Steamboats
>motorized (upstream) >carried more passengers >main means in 1800's
39
Key Steamboat Figures
>James Watt- improved engine >John Fitch- paddle/wheels >Robert Fulton- Father of Steamboat Navigation
40
USACE Projects
>Army Corps of Engineers Projects >regulates all navigable waterways >each phase lasted exactly 50 years
41
Phase I | Army Corps of Engineers Projects
>Channel Clearance Project >1829-1879 >snag removal >snag boats removes boulders and log jams
42
Phase II | Army Corps of Engineers Projects
``` >Canalization Project >1879-1929 >locks and dams >51 navigational locks/dams >TMU #35 >wicket dam- used slats ```
43
Phase III | Army Corps of Engineers Projects
>Tributary Project >1938-1988 > to prevent flooding >built 67 dams/reservoirs
44
Phase IV | Army Corps of Engineers Projects
>Modernization Project >1955-2005/2018 >built new dams by getting rid of them and rebuilding 20 >bigger, wider, two
45
Pro's of Steamboats
>could go up stream >faster >held more passengers
46
Con's of Steamboats
>short lifespan >disease >limited routes >accidents: fire, snagging, grounding, collision, explosion
47
Pittsburg, PA
>1785 >Allegheny and Monongahela converge >Steel City or City of Bridges >Largest inland port in US (end of railway)
48
Inland
>highways barges use for commercial traffic
49
Cincinnati, OH
>1788 >The Queen City of the West or Queen City >factories along the river >Roebling Bridge- most famous bridge on the river (was only one could cross during flood)
50
Louisville, KY
>formed right above the falls/rapids of the Ohio
51
Cairo, IL
>did not adjust | >dying town
52
Transportation
Ohio River: >200 milion tons per year >70% coal >30% gravel
53
Power
>coal producers are KY and WV >natural gas is cheapest (economic motives) >other energy sources from solar, wind, hydro
54
Casino Business
>KY allowed gambling on the river before on land
55
Four Great Rivers and | Commercial Traffic
>Ohio, Mississippi (2.5x larger), Missouri, Arkansas | >Ohio River is busiest commercial river in US
56
Dams Near Field Station
>Meldahl Dam- right above Field Station >Markland Dam- right below Field Station >Markland Pool- dam creates a pool behind it
57
Paddle Fish
>no bones | >mascot of Field Station
58
The Proclamation of 1763
>everything between Allegheny Mountains and Mississippi River reserved for Native American >controlled colonists as well
59
Yellow Creek Massacre
>21 Mingo Indians slaughtered | >prompted Lord Dunmore's War to give British control over land
60
US Constitution
>1787
61
Bill of Rights
>1791
62
Bill of Rights
>1791
63
Romantic Era
>in reality, steamboat travel was slow and arduous
64
The New Orleans
>1811 | >first steamboat on western waters
65
The Great Flood
>1937
66
Treaty of Easton
>1758 >Indians agreed to not help French >British agreed to not establish west of Allegheny

NSC Biology (4 decks)

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