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Med Surg III Final > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How many days does it take for hematopoesis?

A

5 days

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2
Q

What is the lifespan of an RBC After maturity?

A

120 days

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3
Q

Fe deficiency anemia equals what size cells?

A

Small

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4
Q

Folic acid deficient anemia equals what size cells?

A

Large cells. Can lead to Neuro tube defect.

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5
Q

Neutrophils

A

First to arrive. Short lived phagocytosis.

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6
Q

Monocytes

A

Long term phagocytosis. Macrophages in spleen eat up RBC’s.

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7
Q

Lymphocytes

A

T cells. B cells( plasma cells to make antibodies/immunoglobulins).

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8
Q

Eosinophils

A

Allergic reaction. Neutralizes histamine. Kill parasites.

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9
Q

Basophils

A

Make and store histamine.

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10
Q

Where are platelets formed?

A

Bone marrow.

They nurture and maintain lining of vessels.

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of ITP?

A

Petechia, bruises, gums, blood in void/stool, menstrual.

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12
Q

What are some causes of thrombocytopenia?

A

ETOH, CA, sepsis,decreased B12 and folic acid absorption, aplastic anemia, drugs.

Can be a decrease in production, increase in destruction, or an increased consumption(trapped).

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13
Q

What happens in ITP?

Is it the most common?

A

Platelets are coated with antibodies and the spleen recongnizes them as foreign.(macrophages)

Yes

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14
Q

TTP

Less common

A

No anticlotting enzymes which enhances agglutination.

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15
Q

What do you give to someone who has HITT

A

Protamine sulfate

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16
Q

Can you get a hemostasis disorder from HTN?

A

Yes the HTN causes turbulent blood flow

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17
Q

Over activation of clotting factors with enhanced fibrin.

A

DIC. Give heparin to reset the cascade.

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18
Q

What are some S/S of DIC

A

Epistaxis, broken vessel in eye, restless, shocky, joint bleeds(swelling), do UA. D-dimer will be increased.

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19
Q

What is pernicious anemia?

A

The intrinsic factor is worn out. Can’t process B12.

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20
Q

Sickle cell

A

Keep warm, hydrated, and oxygenated.
Will have pain.
Not Fe deficient.
Happens in feet first.

21
Q

Sickle cell crisis

A 
Painful due to death of tissue. 
Infection causes drop in Hgb.
Pooled cells.
Tachy, CP, bad lung sounds.
BMT
22
Q

Hereditary hemochromatosis is caused by what?

How do we treat?

A

Excessive Fe absorbed in GI causing organ dysfunction.

Low Fe diet. Therapeutic phlebotomy (chelation) 500mL/week.

23
Q

If polycythemia than which cells affected?

A

Increased RBC, WBC, platelets.

Causes increased viscosity/volume, and congested organs.

24
Q

What causes secondary polycythemia?

A

Increased production of EPO from marrow.

25
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Increased WBC.

Look for immature WBC

26
Q

How are the cells affected with leukemia?

A

Decrease in RBC
Decrease in mature WBC
Decrease platelet.
Increase in immature WBC

27
Q

What are the lymphomas?

A

Hodgkin (most curable) pos reed sternberg cell
Non Hodgkin . Neg for cell.
Multiple myeloma

28
Q

What are some of the S/S of Hodgkins?

A

Unexplained fever, weak, weight loss.
Painless neck node (one side).
Mediastinal mass.
Aggressive Tx.

29
Q

Non hodgkins

A

Nodes infiltrated by malignant cells.
Painful nodes.
Happens in immunocompromised, transplant, elderly.

30
Q

How do we stage hodgkins?

A

Stage 1- 1 lymph node group
2- 2 groups same side of diaphragm
3- above and below diaphragm.
4- organs involved.

31
Q

What happens with multiple myeloma?

A

Bone breakdown (osteoclasts)
Hypercalcemia
Not curable.

32
Q

What does cancer staging determine?

A

Size, location, and growth.

Staging does not change even if condition does.

33
Q

What is the TNM system?

A

Tumor (size, depth, surrounding tissue?)
Node (# of lymph nodes that have cancer cells)
Metastasis (spread)
The higher the number the worse it is.

34
Q

What does in situation mean?

A

Superficial layer.

35
Q

CA treatment?

A

Primary - prevention

Secondary- screening

36
Q

What are the two circulatory systems?

A

Systemic (delivers o2 to the body)

Pulmonary (receives o2 from the lungs.)

37
Q

What are the classifications of pulmonary HTN? Core pulmonale.

A

1- no symptoms with normal activity
2 no symptoms at rest.
3- no symptoms at rest, but symptoms with physical activity.
4- symptoms with activity and rest.

38
Q

With left sided heart failure you will have?

Right sided?

A

Pulmonary edema

Peripheral edema

39
Q

Pulm HTN can lead to which sided heart failure?

A

Right sided.

Clots, arrhythmias, bleeding

40
Q

COPD

A

Bronchitis, emphysema. Or both

41
Q

What is the blue bloater?

A 
Chronic bronchitis.
Cyanosis.
Increased sputum.
Hypoxia
Hypercapnia
Increased Hgb, RR
Digit clubbing
Cardiomegaly. Right sided failure.
42
Q

What is the pink puffer?

A 
Emphysema (cant breath out).
Hypercapnea.
Minimum cyanosis.
Pursed lips.
Barrel chest, but skinny. Use accessory muscles.
Anxious, short sentences.
43
Q

What are some S/S of pneumonia?

A

Cough, fever, chillls,tachycardia.tachypnea, dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, restless, confusion.

44
Q

If pt gets pneumonia within the first 2 days at the hospital than is it considered hospital acquired?

A

No it would be considered community acquired.

45
Q

Can you get a TB infection somewhere other than the lungs?

A

Yes, almost any organ of the body.

46
Q

What are some S/S of active TB?

A

First- fatigue, night sweats, chills and fever.

Then cough x 3 weeks. Blood in sputum, CP, anorexia.

47
Q

Standard treatment for TB? (Active)

Latent?

A

Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and/or ethambutol for two months, then iso and rif for 4 months.

6-9 months of isoniazid.

48
Q

How many negative tests does it take to be “cured”?

A
  1. But can get it again.

Med Surg III Final (13 decks)

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