Exam 3 Flashcards by Amee KrissyLee Salazar

How many days does it take for hematopoesis?

5 days

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the lifespan of an RBC After maturity?

120 days

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fe deficiency anemia equals what size cells?

Small

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Folic acid deficient anemia equals what size cells?

Large cells. Can lead to Neuro tube defect.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Neutrophils

First to arrive. Short lived phagocytosis.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Monocytes

Long term phagocytosis. Macrophages in spleen eat up RBC’s.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lymphocytes

T cells. B cells( plasma cells to make antibodies/immunoglobulins).

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Eosinophils

Allergic reaction. Neutralizes histamine. Kill parasites.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Basophils

Make and store histamine.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where are platelets formed?

Bone marrow.

They nurture and maintain lining of vessels.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the symptoms of ITP?

Petechia, bruises, gums, blood in void/stool, menstrual.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are some causes of thrombocytopenia?

ETOH, CA, sepsis,decreased B12 and folic acid absorption, aplastic anemia, drugs.

Can be a decrease in production, increase in destruction, or an increased consumption(trapped).

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens in ITP?

Is it the most common?

Platelets are coated with antibodies and the spleen recongnizes them as foreign.(macrophages)

Yes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

TTP

Less common

No anticlotting enzymes which enhances agglutination.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do you give to someone who has HITT

Protamine sulfate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Can you get a hemostasis disorder from HTN?

Yes the HTN causes turbulent blood flow

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Over activation of clotting factors with enhanced fibrin.

DIC. Give heparin to reset the cascade.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are some S/S of DIC

Epistaxis, broken vessel in eye, restless, shocky, joint bleeds(swelling), do UA. D-dimer will be increased.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is pernicious anemia?

The intrinsic factor is worn out. Can’t process B12.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sickle cell

Keep warm, hydrated, and oxygenated.
Will have pain.
Not Fe deficient.
Happens in feet first.

Sickle cell crisis

Painful due to death of tissue. 
Infection causes drop in Hgb.
Pooled cells.
Tachy, CP, bad lung sounds.
BMT

Hereditary hemochromatosis is caused by what?

How do we treat?

Excessive Fe absorbed in GI causing organ dysfunction.

Low Fe diet. Therapeutic phlebotomy (chelation) 500mL/week.

If polycythemia than which cells affected?

Increased RBC, WBC, platelets.

Causes increased viscosity/volume, and congested organs.

What causes secondary polycythemia?

Increased production of EPO from marrow.

Leukocytosis

Increased WBC. | Look for immature WBC

How are the cells affected with leukemia?

Decrease in RBC Decrease in mature WBC Decrease platelet. Increase in immature WBC

What are the lymphomas?

Hodgkin (most curable) pos reed sternberg cell Non Hodgkin . Neg for cell. Multiple myeloma

What are some of the S/S of Hodgkins?

Unexplained fever, weak, weight loss. Painless neck node (one side). Mediastinal mass. Aggressive Tx.

Non hodgkins

Nodes infiltrated by malignant cells. Painful nodes. Happens in immunocompromised, transplant, elderly.

How do we stage hodgkins?

Stage 1- 1 lymph node group 2- 2 groups same side of diaphragm 3- above and below diaphragm. 4- organs involved.

What happens with multiple myeloma?

Bone breakdown (osteoclasts) Hypercalcemia Not curable.

What does cancer staging determine?

Size, location, and growth. Staging does not change even if condition does.

What is the TNM system?

Tumor (size, depth, surrounding tissue?) Node (# of lymph nodes that have cancer cells) Metastasis (spread) The higher the number the worse it is.

What does in situation mean?

Superficial layer.

CA treatment?

Primary - prevention | Secondary- screening

What are the two circulatory systems?

Systemic (delivers o2 to the body) | Pulmonary (receives o2 from the lungs.)

What are the classifications of pulmonary HTN? Core pulmonale.

1- no symptoms with normal activity 2 no symptoms at rest. 3- no symptoms at rest, but symptoms with physical activity. 4- symptoms with activity and rest.

With left sided heart failure you will have? | Right sided?

Pulmonary edema | Peripheral edema

Pulm HTN can lead to which sided heart failure?

Right sided. | Clots, arrhythmias, bleeding

COPD

Bronchitis, emphysema. Or both

What is the blue bloater?

``` Chronic bronchitis. Cyanosis. Increased sputum. Hypoxia Hypercapnia Increased Hgb, RR Digit clubbing Cardiomegaly. Right sided failure. ```

What is the pink puffer?

``` Emphysema (cant breath out). Hypercapnea. Minimum cyanosis. Pursed lips. Barrel chest, but skinny. Use accessory muscles. Anxious, short sentences. ```

What are some S/S of pneumonia?

Cough, fever, chillls,tachycardia.tachypnea, dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, restless, confusion.

If pt gets pneumonia within the first 2 days at the hospital than is it considered hospital acquired?

No it would be considered community acquired.

Can you get a TB infection somewhere other than the lungs?

Yes, almost any organ of the body.

What are some S/S of active TB?

First- fatigue, night sweats, chills and fever. | Then cough x 3 weeks. Blood in sputum, CP, anorexia.

Standard treatment for TB? (Active) Latent?

Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and/or ethambutol for two months, then iso and rif for 4 months. 6-9 months of isoniazid.

How many negative tests does it take to be “cured”?

3. But can get it again.