Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology > Exam #3 > Flashcards

Exam #3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Lambrosso

A

Thought criminals look different physically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do criminals look different

A

Low forehead, strong jawline, extra long arms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_____ are linked to crime

A

Personality traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Reckless and Dinitz

A

Good vs bad boys

Studied 12 year old boys

Classified them as if likely to commit crimes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bio and psych view deviance as

A

Something wrong with you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Deviance

A

The recognized violation of cultural norms

Illegal behaviours, duh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Social control

A

Attempts by others to regulate people’s thoughts and behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Criminal justice system

A

The organizations- police, courts, and prison officials- that respond to alleged violations of the law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Durkheims Deviance

A

Necessary part of social organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

4 key points to Durkheims deviance

A

Deviance appears to affirm cultural values and norms

Responding to deviance reinforces and clarifies boundaries

Deviance brings people together

Deviance leads to social change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Robert Merton

A

Was interested in Durkheims work on “anomie”

Modified concept to refer to when accepted norms in society conflict with the social reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Conformist

A

Accept the value and also accept the conventional ways of achieving it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Innovators

A

Accept socially approved values but use illegal pathways to achieve value (sell drugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Innovation

A

Using unconventional ways to achieve cultural approved goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ritualist

A

Follow socially accepted standards of behaving, but have lost sight of the value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Retreaists

A

Reject both the cultural goals and the conventional means of achieving it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Rebels

A

Like the retreatist reject both existing values and the means to achieve those values, by they also build on alternative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Labelling theory

A

The idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how those respond to those actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Primary deviation

A

An initial act that transgresses norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Secondary deviation

A

Acceptance of the label, label become internalized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Stigma

A

Powerfully negative label that greatly changes a persons self concept and social identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Retrospective theory

A

Happens when someone’s past is interpreted in light of their label

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Projective labelling

A

Happens when the deviant label is used to predict future behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Medicalization

A

The transformation of moral and legal deviance to a medicinal condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Porter Conrad

A

Looked at badness to sickness in kids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Why do labels matter?

A

1) they shape who responds
2) shapes how people responds
3) shapes people’s beliefs about the competence of an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Norms reflect the interests of the _______

A

Rich and powerful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

We rarely question our _____

A

Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

White collar crime

A

Crime committed by people of high social position in the course of occupation

Stealing 3 million from workers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Masculinity, violence, and hockey

A

On ice fighting is not a crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Correctional statistics

A

Age: 35 and younger

Gender: men

Race and ethnicity: aboriginal and blacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Fiorillo looked at what

A

Overrepresentaion of aboriginal people to practices of colonization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Social stratification

A

A system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

4 principles of social stratification

A

Trait of society

Generations

Universality

Beliefs

Time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Trait of society

A

SS is based on social categories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Generations

A

SS is past generation to generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Universality

A

It is found everywhere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Beliefs

A

SS involves beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Time

A

SS changes over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Caste system

A

A social stratification system based on ascription, or birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Pure caste system

A

No social mobility

“Closed system”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Endogamy

A

Marriage within ones social group is forbidden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

In the modern world

A

Caste systems are rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Class system

A

Stratification based on birth and individual achievement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Meritocracy

A

Social stratification based on merit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Merit

A

Worthy of praise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Work hard and

A

Be rewarded

48
Q

Ideology

A

Cultural belief that justify particular social arrangements, including patterns of inequality

49
Q

Ideology change

A

Over time

50
Q

Davis Moore thesis

A

Social stratification is beneficial for the operation of societies

51
Q

David Moore thesis furthered

A

Unequal power, preside, and benefits need to be attached to different roles to benefit people

52
Q

Marx social conflict theory

A

Class determined by relationship to means of production

You can either own the means of production or you can sell labour

53
Q

Exploitative relationship means

A

Workers produce for their employer more than the employee actually needs to repay the cost of workers

54
Q

Ralf Dahrendorf reasons why workers havnt over thrown system

A

Fragmentation of capitalist class (stocks)

Higher standard of living

More work organizations

Greater legal protections

55
Q

Social stratification is

A

Multidimensional. It includes class, status, prestige and power

56
Q

Status consistency

A

The degree of consistency in a person social standing across various dimensions of social inequality

57
Q

Socio-economic status

A

A composite ranking based on various dimensions of social inequality

58
Q

Micro level analysis

A

Possessions Indicate class

59
Q

Conspicuous consumption

A

Buying and using products because of the “statement” of them

Driving a lambo

60
Q

Gender stratification

A

The unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privellage between man and women

61
Q

Sex

A

Refers to biological differences that group people in two catagories; male or female

62
Q

Gender

A

Personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to bring female or male

63
Q

Gender ideology

A

Widely shared beliefs about gender that guide our identities and behaviours

64
Q

Gender binary

A

View that there are only 2 types of bodies, male or female

65
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

A

Most common form of intersexuality found in chromosomal females

66
Q

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

Is what males have

67
Q

Interface project

A

Highlight intersex people

68
Q

Transgender

A

Diverse group of people who don’t identify with male or female

69
Q

Margaret mead

A

Studies gender in new Guiana

70
Q

Hijara

A

3rd gender in India

71
Q

Sworn Virgin Islands of Albania

A

Girls who swear oaths to become guys

72
Q

Micheal kimmel

A

Examined the human construct of masculinities

73
Q

Masculinity is ______ through relationships and ________

A

Constantly changing

Interactions

74
Q

Gender roles

A

Attitudes and activities that a society links to each sex

75
Q

Patriarchy

A

A form of social organization in which males dominate females

76
Q

Sexism

A

The belief that one sex are innately superior to the other

77
Q

Experiences of gender vary between

A

Sexuality, race, ethnicity, age, disability, and class

78
Q

Gender and work

A

Fundemental divide between productive and reproductive labour

79
Q

Reproductive labour

A

Having children, feeding them, cooking, cleaning

80
Q

Standard employment relationship (SER)

A

Paid work in western capitalist economies built on particular concept

81
Q

SER

A

Full time, all year, long term, benefits and adequate pay

82
Q

Pink collar jobs

A

Clerical work, secretaries, typists

83
Q

Another significant example of female labour

A

Servers , hairdressers, education

84
Q

Unpaid labour

A

Women without kids are more likely to have a job then women with kids

85
Q

The wage gap

A

Female and male wage gap

Males make more

86
Q

Voting rights

A

Manitoba was first place to allow voting

Aboriginal people couldn’t vote till 1960

87
Q

Aboriginal people couldn’t vote until

A

1960

88
Q

Gender theories: structural functional theory

A

Masculinity and feminity form a set is roles that link people to a family unit

89
Q

Expressive roles

A

Providing emotional support

Seen in women

90
Q

Instrumental roles

A

Breadwinner

Men

91
Q

Gender theories: symbolic interaction theory

A

Our interactions are gendered

Shows up in how we dresss, groom, gestures and movements

92
Q

Gender theories: social conflict theory

A

View system as a structural system of power that privileges some and disadvantages others

93
Q

Capitalism increased gender inequality, how?

A

1) capitalism increased men’s wealth and power
2) capitalist economies have turned women into consumers
3) exploit labour of men and women

94
Q

Intersection theory

A

Analysis of the interplay of race, class, and gender, often resulting in multiple dimensions of disadvantage

95
Q

Intersection theory tells us to

A

Not only view gender as discrimination, but also race and ethnicity

96
Q

Incest taboo

A

Norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between relatives

97
Q

Sexual orientation

A

Romantic and emotional attraction to another person

98
Q

Asexual

A

Lack of sexual attractiveness

99
Q

Homosexual was created

A

A century ago, foucault notes

100
Q

Heteronormativity

A

Assumption there are only two sexs

101
Q

Both homosexuality and heterosexuality

A

Is a social construct

102
Q

Heterosexual questiinair

A

Created by rochlin, tests to see why you ain’t gay

103
Q

Compulsory heterosexuality

A

The belief that heterosexuality is the default

104
Q

_____ and _____ are socially constructed ideas that are important dimensions of _______

A

Race and ethnicity

Social stratification

105
Q

Race (FINAL ONLY)

A

The act of attaching meaning to observable diffenves and othering

106
Q

Stratification (president)

FINAL ONLY

A

Racialization becomes connected to value and hierarchy assuming one groups the dominant

107
Q

Institutional bias

FINAL ONLY

A

Bias is built into the operation of society, like schools, hospitals, police, workplace

108
Q

Indian act is shaped by

FINAL ONLY

A

Dehumanizations and infantilization

109
Q

Ethnicity

FINAL ONLY

A

Shared cultural heritage

Common ancestry, language, or religion

110
Q

____ and _____ are so ingrained they seem so true

FINAL ONLY

A

Stereotypes and prejudice

111
Q

Scapegoat theory

FINAL ONLY

A

Based on frustration with a personal situation in for instance the workplace

112
Q

Authoritarian personality theory

FINAL ONLY

A

Based on strong prejudice personality towards anyone seen as different t

113
Q

Culture theory

FINAL ONLY

A

Based on social distance and superiority in communal or national sense

114
Q

Conflict theory

FINAL ONLY

A

Based on social conflict and historical prejudice among groups usually related

115
Q

Forced assimilation

FINAL ONLY

A

Forcing someone to go with dominant culture

116
Q

Segregation

FINAL ONLY

A

Living in culturally defined groups through housing and reserves

117
Q

Genocide

FINAL ONLY

A

Mass annihilation of a culture

Sociology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions