Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology > Chapter 5: Socialization > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Socialization Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Socialization

A

The lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens if you grow up in social isolation

A

Genie, young girl severely abused and neglected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Theory of psychoanalysis

Said from birth we have two basic and opposing needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Two basic and opposing needs

A

Life instinct

Death instinct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Life instinct

A

Need for sexual and emotional bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Death instinct

A

Our aggressive drive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Freuds 3 parts to personality

A

The Id

The Ego

The superego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Id

A

Basic drives!

Unconscious drives that need to be satisfied immediately

Eat drink attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The ego

A

A persons conscious effort to balance innate pleasure seeking drives with the demand of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Superego

A

Cultural values and norms internalized by an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What two aspects of personality conflict

A

The superego and id

Ego tried to balance this conflict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Jean Piaget

A

Human cognition

How to kids learn and come to think of themselves in their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

4 stages of cognitive development

A

Sensorimotor

Preoperational

Concrete

Formal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sensorimotor

A

Knowing the world through senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Preoperational

A

Beggining to use language and symbols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

Able to make casual connections and understand how and why things in their social environment happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Formal operational stage

A

Develop abstract thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg

A

Concerned with our moral development

Examined right from wrong

Only in boys though!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 phases of moral development

A

Preconventional

Conventional

Postconventional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Preconventional

A

Something is right when it feels good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Conventional

A

We learn to please others around us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Post conventional

A

Start to think more critically about cultural norms on what is right and wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Carol Gilligan

A

Studied differences between boys and girls and how they see right and wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2 types of right and wrong (Gilligan)

A

The justice perspective and the care and responsibility perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Justice perspective

A

Based on boys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Care and responsibility

A

Girls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

As girls age their ______ drops due to ____________

A

Self esteem

Socialization and less female role models

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

George Herbert Mead

A

Theory of social self

See ourselves through the eyes of others

2 theories: play stage and the game stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Play stage

A

Imitating the actions of others through play

Eg. playing house, playing maid, playing mom

Taking the role of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Game stage

A

Learning to take roles of multiple people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Generalized other

A

Widespread cultural norms and values we use to reference ourselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Two aspects of the self

A

The I

The me

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The I

A

Our immediate response to other people

Active, spontaneous, unpredictable, unconscious

It’s bold and creative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The me

A

Calculated and thought out behaviour that is based on cultural expectations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The dominence of me and I

A

Social control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The family

A

Teaches us cultural values

Significant impact on gender socialization and rules of gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Parents use different language to describe babies

A

Girls: weak, delicate, sweet and cute

Boys: large, strong, alert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Other gender based parent issues

A

Clothes we wear (blue and pink)

rules for play (boys get cars, girls dolls)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Children are aware of _______ from a young age

A

Social inequality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Kids in higher classes do:

A

Extra curricular activities and lead parents to have higher expectations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

School

A

Experiences in school impact social development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Barbie Thorne

A

Observed children playing in school as “gendered geography”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Preschool teachers influence

A

Gender roles in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Egalia school in Sweden

A

All about equality

Careful selection of books and toys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Black kids in preschool

A

Got expelled far more than anyone else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Peer groups

A

A social group who’s members have interests, social position, and age in common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Peer groups influence ______

A

Short term interest

Music, clothing, movies, video

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Who influences long term decisions

A

Parents!!

School

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Anticipatory socialization

A

Learning that helps a person achieve a desired position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Mass media

A

The means for delivering impersonal communications to vast audiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Examples of mass media

A

Newspapers, radio, tv, movies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Bechdel test

A

Two or more women

Do they talk?

Talk other than about a man

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Social interactions

A

The process by which people act and react in relation to others

Eg. in person, mediated by technology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Micro level social structure

A

Statuses and roles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Status

A

A social position that a person holds

Part of our identity (teacher, daughter, sister)

Change throughout life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Two types of statuses

A

Ascribed status

Achieved status

57
Q

Ascribed status

A

A social position that someone receives at birth or takes later in life

Age, race, widow

58
Q

Achieved status

A

Social position that someone assumes voluntarily and reflects ability and effort

Pilot, athlete

59
Q

Master statuses

A

Exceptional importance for social identity, shapes a persons life

Khardasians, a high level job

60
Q

Roles

A

Behaviours expected for someone who holds a particular status

61
Q

Role conflict

A

Happens when two or more statuses have roles that conflict

Gotta be a bride maids and right a test

62
Q

Role strain

A

Happens when two roles belonging to a single status are in tension

(Test next week and project the same day)

63
Q

Social construction of reality

A

Process by which people creatively shape reality through social interactions

64
Q

Ethnomethodology

A

The study of the way people make sense in their everyday surroundings

65
Q

West and Zimmerman

A

Applied Ethnomethodology to gender

66
Q

3 parts of gender

A

1) gender is an active accomplishment. It is what we do
2) we create gender through everyday interactions
3) the doing of gender is managed through public accountability to gender norms

67
Q

The presentation of self

A

Irving Goffman

Social interactions as a theatrical performance

68
Q

The actual presentation of self

A

Persons efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others

69
Q

Idealization and embarrassment

A

Make ourselves look the best

70
Q

Frontstage

A

Fake it till you make it

71
Q

Back stage

A

Be yourself, free from expectations

72
Q

Social groups

A

Share a common identity and regularly interact with each other

73
Q

Charles Horton Cooley

A

Creates primary groups

74
Q

Primary groups

A

Small social group whose members share a personal and lasting relationship (family)

75
Q

Secondary groups

A

Large and impersonal group whose members persue specific goal or activity (

work, government, business)

76
Q

Secondary groups may become

A

Primary groups

77
Q

Types of leadership

A

Instrumental leadership

Expressive leadership

78
Q

Instrumental leadership

A

Gives directions to group

“Get the job done”

Boss teacher

79
Q

Expressive leadership

A

Concerned with well being of members in group

Pays attention to morale and relationship

80
Q

Solomon Asch

A

Studies group behaviour

The line study —> conformity

81
Q

The Milgram study

A

Interested in conformity in pain

Shocked people experiment

82
Q

Group thinkers

A

The tendency of group members to conform resulting in a narrow view of some issue

83
Q

Looking glass self

A

Groups share how we added and evaluate ourselves

84
Q

Reference group

A

A social group that serves as a point of reference in making decisions and evaluations

Family, peergroup, students

85
Q

Samual Stouffer

A

Studied reference groups involving solider and promotion

86
Q

Dyad

A

Social group with 2 members

Intense, unstable

87
Q

Triad

A

Social group with 3 members

More stable

88
Q

Larger groups mean ______

A

More stable

89
Q

Network

A

A web of weak social tiles

Includes who we know of and who knows us

90
Q

Wellman and Gulia argue that

A

The internet leads to meaningful relationships

Diverse communications are created

91
Q

Formal organizations

A

Large secondary groups organized to achieve their goals efficiently

Gvt, hospital

92
Q

Bureaucracy

A

Organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently

93
Q

Fredrick Taylor

A

Created Scientific management

94
Q

Scientific management

A

The application of scientific principles to the operation of a business or larger organization

95
Q

First principle

A

The dislocation of the labour process from the skills of the worker

Gather knowledge on how to best do a job

96
Q

Second principle

A

The separation of conception from execution

97
Q

Third principle

A

The use of this monopoly over knowledge to control each step of the labour process and its mode of execution

98
Q

Ritzier and McDonaldization

A

Ritzier questioned how dons was so successful

99
Q

Six elements of a bureaucracy

A

Specializations

Hierarchy of positions

Rules and regulations

Technical competence

Impersonality

Written communication

100
Q

Specialization

A

Member are assigned highly specialized tasks

101
Q

Hierarchy of positions

A

People doing these tasks are arranged in a hierarchical ranking

102
Q

Rules and regulations

A

Rifles and regulations govern conduct

103
Q

Technical competence

A

People who make up the bureaucracy and are employed in it must be technically competent

104
Q

Impersonality

A

They just put formal rules and regulations ahead of people

105
Q

Written communication

A

They always write everything down as evidence

106
Q

4 aspects of McDonalds

A

Efficiency

Calculability

Predictability

Control

107
Q

Efficiency

A

Production is designed to maximize efficiency

108
Q

Calculability

A

Emphasis on quantitative aspects. Quantity is quality

109
Q

Predictability

A

Products are the same, work is the same

110
Q

Control

A

Of consumers and customers

111
Q

Critiques of dons

A

Dehumanizing

Destructive to environment and health

112
Q

Global economy

A

Economic activity that crosses national boaders

113
Q

Global division of labour

A

Less developed countries have larger primary labour forces

114
Q

National countries are intertwined

A

What happens in one country impacts another

115
Q

A few multicultural companies control _____

A

The worlds economy

116
Q

Workers rights

A

Moving production to countries with cheap labour, weak labour laws and weak enforcement

117
Q

Post industrial society

A

A productive system based on service work and high technology

118
Q

3 changes in post industrial society

A

1) shift from tabgiable products to ideas
2) shift from mechanical skills to literacy
3) shifts from factory working to office working

119
Q

3 sectors of economy

A

Primary sector

Secondary sector

Tertiary sector

120
Q

Primary sector

A

Draws raw material from natural environment

121
Q

Secondary structure

A

Transforms raw material into manufactured goods

122
Q

Tertiary sector

A

Involves services rather than goods

123
Q

The dual labour market

A

Jobs can be divided into primary and secondary labour markets

124
Q

Primary labour market

A

“High end job”

Great benefits

Great pay

Medicine, engineering, lawyers

125
Q

Secondary labour market

A

“Bad jobs”

Low pay

No to little benefits

Serving food, retail, cashier

126
Q

Capitalism

A

Economic system in which natural resources and means of producing goods are privately owned

127
Q

Socialism

A

Economic system in which natural resources and the means of producing food and services are collectively owned

128
Q

Differences between capitalism and socialism

A

Ownership

Profit

Regulating the market

129
Q

Communism

A

Hypothetical economic system and political system which all members of society are equal

130
Q

Welfare capitalism

A

A system that is largely market based with exstensive welfare programs

131
Q

What helps supper welfare programs

A

Taxation

132
Q

Issues in postindustrial workforce

A

Lacks unions

Most jobs are in service sector

133
Q

Unions

A

Negotiate terms in behalf of workers

134
Q

Underemployment

A

Happens when someone is working in an occupation that doesn’t use all their skills and strengths

135
Q

Who are underemployed

A

Immigrants , women, and young workers

136
Q

What percent are unemployed after high school

A

50%

137
Q

What leads to unemployment

A

Company mergers, downsize

138
Q

Underground economy

A

Not reported through taxes

Under the table payments (Claudette’s cleaners)

139
Q

How is technology ruining work

A

De-skilling work (kiosks, self checkout)

Increase employer control (cameras watching you work terribly)

Relocation of work

Sociology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions