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Sociology > End Chapters > Flashcards

End Chapters Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Race and ethnicity are ______ that are important ideas to _______

A

Sociallly constructed ideas

Social stratification

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2
Q

Race

A

Socially constructed category of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of a society consider important

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3
Q

Stratification

A

Rationalization becomes connected to value and hierarchy, assuming one group is superior over another

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4
Q

Institutional prejudice and discrimination

A

Bias is built into the operation of society

Like school, hospitals, police and work

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5
Q

Ethnicity

A

Shared cultural heritage based on language or religion

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6
Q

____ and _____ can become so ingrained in our thinking that they seek to reflect value and objectivity

A

Stereotypes

Prejudice

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7
Q

Forced assimilation

A

Loss of cultural heritage through people going to dominant culture

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8
Q

Segregation

A

Living in cultural defined groups

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9
Q

Cultural genocide

A

Mass annihilation of cultural group

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10
Q

Minority group

A

Any catageory of people distinguished by physical or cultural difference that a society sets apart and subordinates

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11
Q

Minority status can be based on

A

Race and ethnicity, sexual minorities, disabled, women and gender

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12
Q

2 key elements to minority’s groups

A

Distinctive status

Subordination

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13
Q

Prejudice

A

Generalizations about entire group of people

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14
Q

Prejudice shows up as

A

Stereotypes

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15
Q

Stereotype

A

Simplified description applied to every person in some catagory

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16
Q

Discrimination refers to

A

Actions

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17
Q

Examples of desriminwtion in the workplace

A

English sounding names for the jobs 40% more of the time

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18
Q

Pluralism

A

A state in which people of all races and ethnicities are distant but equal standing

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19
Q

Assimilation

A

Minorities gradually adopt patterns of dominant culture

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20
Q

Genocide elaborated

A

Systematic killing of one catagory of people

Examples such as the holocaust, Armenian Genociden

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21
Q

Segregation elaborated

A

The physical and social separation of catagories of people

Examples: blacks separated from whites
Segregated bathrooms

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22
Q

Assimilation elaborated

A

Minrities adopting dominant patterns

Adopt dress, values, religion, language of dominant group

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23
Q

Family

A

Social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another

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24
Q

Kinship

A

Refers to social bonds based on marriage, shared ancestry, or adoption

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25
Q

Matrimony

A

Latin for “conditions of motherhood”

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26
Q

Nuclear family

A

Stereotypical family of 4, bred winner dad, stay at home mom

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27
Q

Extended family

A

People like aunts, uncles, grandmas, grandpas

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28
Q

Polygamy

A

Marriage with more than one spouse

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29
Q

Polygyny

A

Man has two or more wives at same time

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30
Q

Polyandry

A

Women has two or more husbands at same time

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31
Q

The family: structural functional approach

A

Families perform a # of roles that help maintain social order:

Socialization of children
Regulating sexual activity
Provide emotional support
Reproduce existing social organization and stratification (parents pass on language)

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32
Q

The family: social conflict and feminist

A

Property inheritance
Patriarchy
Family acts to maintain ethic and racial catagories

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33
Q

The family: symbolic interaction

A

(Emphasizes individual in zoomed in lense)

Draws attention to how family provides experiences of intimacy, forming of emotional bonds

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34
Q

Social exchange theory

A

Marriage and dating are viewed as forms of negotiation

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35
Q

Dating allows

A

Each person to asses the advantages and disadvantages of potential spouse

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36
Q

Trans parents and the family

A

Le leche league allowed men to breastfeed

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37
Q

Fertility rates today in Canada

A

1.6 children per women

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38
Q

Reasons for declining birth rates

A

Raising kids is expensive

Higher employment for women

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39
Q

Stay at home dads percentage

A

11%

40
Q

6 reasons for increase divorce rates

A 
Individualism 
Romance fades 
Changing gender relations in family 
Stress
More socially acceptable 
Easier to get
41
Q

Individualism

A

More focussed on personal happiness opposed to wel being of family

42
Q

Romance fades

A

When romance fades people seek new relationships

43
Q

Changing gender relations in family

A

More women work for pay = less financial dependency

44
Q

Stress

A

Since both are likely to work, time is tough when it comes to the relationship

45
Q

More socially acceptable

A

Shifting attitudes and less stigma around divorce

46
Q

Easier to get

A

Laws expanded beyond adultery

47
Q

Who is more likely to divorce

A

Young, people with divorced parents, don’t hold strong religious beliefs, couples with suggessful careers, previously divorced people

48
Q

Blended families

A

Families that bring children from previous marriages together

49
Q

Cohabitation

A

Sharing of a household by an unmarried couple

50
Q

Collective behavior

A

Activity involving a large number of people, often spontaneous, and usually in violation of established norms

51
Q

Example of collective behaviour

A

Social movements, riots, crowds

52
Q

How are collectivities different from social groups

A

Little or no social interaction

No clear social boundaries

Weak social norms

53
Q

Localized collectivities

A

People who are physically close

54
Q

Crowds

A

Temporary gathering of people who share a common focus of attention and who influence one another

55
Q

4 types of crowds

A

The casual crowd

A conventional crowd

Expressive crowd

Acting crowd

56
Q

Riots

A

A social eruption that is highly emotional, violent, and undirected

No clear goals

Vancouver riot

57
Q

3 theories of crowd behavior

A

Contagion theory

Convergence theory

Emergent norm theory

58
Q

Contagion theory

A

Le bon

Due to their large size, crowds provide people with anomitity

People get caught up in the emotions of the crowd

59
Q

Convergence theory

A

Gives less power to the overall crowd and focuses on certain individuals within that crowd

60
Q

Crowds bring

A

Similar minded people together

People together who went to act a certain way

61
Q

Emergent norm theory

A

Norms emerge from within the crowd that guide the actions of the collective

Crowds are not chaotic nor random

62
Q

Mass behavior

A

Collective behavior among people spread over a wide geographic area

63
Q

1 type of mass behavior

A

Rumour

64
Q

Rumours are

A

Thrive in climate of uncertainty

Unstable

Hard to stop

65
Q

Disasters

A

Another form of dispersed collectivities

An unexpected event that causes extrensive harm to people and damage property

66
Q

Examples of natural disasters

A

Floods and earthquakes

67
Q

Technological disaster

A

Arise from failing to control technology

68
Q

Intentional disasters

A

Organized and happen when people deliberately plan to harm others

69
Q

What are social movements

A

Organized activity that encourages or discourages social change

70
Q

Men’s liberation movement

A

Acknowledge how sexism privellaged men

Tried to talk to feminist, didn’t work so well

71
Q

Male sex roles

A

Damage men’s health, harm emotional lives of men, and harms relationships with others

72
Q

Pro-feminist men’s movement

A

Emphasizes joining women to address the institutionalization of men’s power

73
Q

Men’s right movement

A

Some leaders wanted to focus on advocating that men and women are equally oppressed by sex roles

74
Q

Deprivation theory

A

Focusses on social movements

People who form social movements feel deprived of something

75
Q

Relative deprivation

A

A perceived disadvantage arising from some specific comparison

76
Q

Mass societal theory

A

Looks at the individual

People who experience social isolation seek out social movements

Lack of personal connections in large societies

77
Q

Structural strain theory

A

People come together because of a shared concern about society

78
Q

6 factors that contribute to social movements

A 
Structural conductivnees 
Structural strain 
Growth and spread of explanation 
Precipitating factors 
Mobilization 
Social control
79
Q

Structural conductivness

A

Certain social conditions promote the development of a social movement

80
Q

Structural strain

A

When society fails to meet expectations and needs of a group of people

81
Q

Growth and spread of an explanation

A

Identify causes of the problem people are organizing around

82
Q

Precipitating factors

A

The events that trigger direct action by those who get involved in the movement

83
Q

Mobilization

A

People taking action together to address a problem (leaflets, protesting, marches, writing letters)

84
Q

Social control

A

How is the movement impacted by social control

85
Q

Resource mobilization theory

A

Social movements can not be successful without resources

86
Q

Four key components to collective action

A

Getting organized

Getting mobilized

Taking collective action

An opportunity

87
Q

Important part of resource mobilization theory

A

People outside of the social movement can be as crucial to the movement as those working on the inside

88
Q

New social movement theory

A

People join social movements because they went to fight for a better quality of life

Focus on physical and social surroundings (climate change)

Mobilize people on international level

Highlight importance of mass media and new technology

Support from all classes

89
Q

Stages of social movements

A

Emergence

Coalescence

Beaurauctaitsion

Decline

90
Q

Options for decline

A

Sucsss

Failure due to weakness

Co-optation of leader

Repression

Establishment went mainstream

91
Q

Casual crowd

A

Loose collection of people who interact little or non at all

Examples: car accident rushers
People on beaches

92
Q

Conventional crowd

A

Deliberate planning to attract crowd

Examples: celebrity funeral

93
Q

Expressive crowd

A

Event with emotional appeal

Examples: New Years in New York, NASCAR event

94
Q

Acting crowd

A

Motivated by intense single minded purpose

Examples: running out of mall after hearing gunshots

95
Q

Political economy theory

A

Movements arise within captitlaist societies due to capitalism failing to meet the needs of people

Sociology (6 decks)

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