Exam 3 Flashcards

Question

incurrent and excurrent siphons (clade tunicata)

Answer 1

water opening (bring in oxygen and food particles and carries out CO2 and waste)

Answer 2

skeletal support for anchoring of swimming muscles in larval form

Answer 3

not present in adult form

Answer 4

receives water passed from pharynx though pharyngeal slits

Answer 5

``` Lancelet (amphioxus) burrows in sand some cartilage but no true skeleton closed circulatory system for nutrient distribution rather than gas exchange (colorless) cephalization is absent ```

Answer 6

anterior projection shielding entrance to mouth

Answer 7

provide muscular movement for swimming and burrowing

Answer 8

outflow of water from pharynx between gills bars for food capture and respiration

Answer 9

digestion and lipid/glycogen storage

Answer 10

jawless clade cephalaspidomorphi (lamprey)

Answer 11

``` bilateral symmetry well-developed head with cranium closed circulatory system vertebral column encasing dorsal nerve cord chambered heart ```

Answer 12

lampreys | ammocoetes: larvae that live in sand or water for 3-5 years before undergoing metamorphosis

Answer 13

heterocercal tail cartilaginous skeleton constantly swimming oily liver

Answer 14

``` cartilaginous skeleton strong jaws with sharp teeth paired fins fusiform body well developed sensory organs (olfactory organs, lateral line system, electroreceptors) constantly swimming heterocercal tail heart with 2 chambers ``` **sharks, rays, chimaeras

Answer 15

used in copulation to deliver sperm

Answer 16

``` function as modified gill slits allow water to draw into pharynx and across gills ```

Answer 17

oily produce bile and detoxifies many constituents of absorbed digestive compounds

Answer 18

produce digestive enzymes | produce hormone that control blood glucose levels

Answer 19

stores blood and recycle worn out RBC

Answer 20

primary site of digestion and absorption of nutrients

Answer 21

less than 1 foot long no tails, wiggled for movement lacked jaws and teeth, bottom dwellers (food from ocean floor)

Answer 22

jaws: grip food firmly paired fins: maneuver more precisely bottom feeders --> active predators gills slits used for filter feeding --? gas exchange

Answer 23

blastopore becomes anus indeterminate development radial clevage

Answer 24

calcareous projections for protection and support

Answer 25

gas exchange and excretion by simple diffusion

Answer 26

radiate from mouth to top of each harm | house tube feet

Answer 27

used for locomotion and prey capture

Answer 28

provide hydrostatic pressure for movement by tube feet

Answer 29

chemical digestion

Answer 30

``` external fertilization dioecious pentaradial symmetry nerve ring (contain nerves that radiate entire body) water-vascular system aboral (top) oral (bottom) ``` **sea star

Answer 31

portion of water vascular system from madreporite to ring canal

Answer 32

porous entrance to water vascular system | pressure regulator and simple filter

Answer 33

keep sea star clean from organisms that settle on surface

Answer 34

portion of water vascular system that circles mouth

Answer 35

portion of water vascular system from ring canal to each arm

Answer 36

gas exchange

Answer 37

used for food collection

Answer 38

pumps water into and out of respirator trees

Answer 39

locomotion

Answer 40

sea cucumber | can reform lost body parts; forces insides out of anus when provoked by other organisms

Answer 41

``` tripoblastic true coelom deuterostome bilateral symmetry endoskeleton (bone or cartillage) highly cephalized homologous structures ```

Answer 42

1. notochord: first part of endoskeleton; anchors myomere (muscles) 2. pharyngeal gills slits: suspension feeding in simple chordates, pharynx in vertebrates 3. dorsal, hollow nerve cord: vertebrate spinal cord 4. postanal tail: motility in lower chordates, vestigial in humans 5. endostyle or thyroid gland

Answer 43

``` suspension feeders sessile as adults; motile as larvae filter feeder open circuatory system hermaphroditic ```

Answer 44

secrete mucus that coat pharynx in order to trap food particles

Answer 45

allow for outflow of water from pharynx into atrium

Answer 46

water opening (bring in oxygen and food particles and carries out CO2 and waste)

Answer 47

skeletal support for anchoring of swimming muscles in larval form

Answer 48

not present in adult form

Answer 49

receives water passed from pharynx though pharyngeal slits

Answer 50

``` Lancelet burrows in sand some cartilage but no true skeleton closed circulatory system for nutrient distribution rather than gas exchange (colorless) cephalization is absent ```

Answer 51

anterior projection shielding entrance to mouth

Answer 52

provide muscular movement for swimming and burrowing

Answer 53

outflow of water from pharynx between gills bars for food capture and respiration

Answer 54

digestion and lipid/glycogen storage

Answer 55

jawless clade cephalaspidomorphi (lamprey)

Answer 56

``` bilateral symmetry well-developed head with cranium closed circulatory system vertebral column encasing dorsal nerve cord chambered heart ```

Answer 57

lampreys | ammocoetes: larvae that live in sand or water for 3-5 years before undergoing metamorphosis

Answer 58

heterocercal tail cartilaginous skeleton constantly swimming oily liver

Answer 59

``` cartilaginous skeleton strong jaws with sharp teeth paired fins fusiform body well developed sensory organs (olfactory organs, lateral line system, electroreceptors) constantly swimming heterocercal tail heart with 2 chambers ``` **sharks, rays, chimaeras

Answer 60

used in copulation to deliver sperm

Answer 61

``` function as modified gill slits allow water to draw into pharynx and across gills ```

Answer 62

oily produce bile and detoxifies many constituents of absorbed digestive compounds

Answer 63

produce digestive enzymes | produce hormone that control blood glucose levels

Answer 64

stores blood and recycle worn out RBC

Answer 65

primary site of digestion and absorption of nutrients

Answer 66

less than 1 foot long no tails, wiggled for movement lacked jaws and teeth, bottom dwellers (food from ocean floor)

Answer 67

jaws: grip food firmly paired fins: maneuver more precisely bottom feeders --> active predators gills slits used for filter feeding --> gas exchange

Answer 68

``` bony fish swim bladder to stay afloat paired fins supported by parallel bony rays gills heart with 2 chambers ``` **perch

Answer 69

3 pouches extending from intestine that increase surface area for digestion

Answer 70

gas-filled sac; buoyancy organ

Answer 71

``` external gills lungs (positive pressure breathing) three chambered heart tetrapod ectotherm thin skin ```

Answer 72

repositories for lipid reserve

Answer 73

chamber for collecting urine, feces and gametes prior to discharge from body

Answer 74

skin needs to stay moist eggs need to be in water (lack tough protective shell) larvae have external gills (adults have lungs)

Answer 75

retain external gills throughout adulthood | lose gills and develop lungs as they search for a new water source

Answer 76

back legs are long and muscular body is shortened and has a fused head lack true ribs fused caudal vertebrae

Answer 77

internally advantage: more eggs are laid, less stress on mother, increased survival rate of offspring disadvantage: protection of egg (require water source)

Answer 78

animals with jaws

Answer 79

``` fully terrestrial shelled eggs/amniotic membrane tough/protective skin internal fertilization diapsid (crocodile, lizards, snakes) anapsid (turtle) ecothermic internal fertilization direct development (no larvae stage) keratinized scales ```

Answer 80

feathers reptilian ancestry endothermic no urinary bladder (uric acid instead of urea) reproductive organ large during reproductive period only 4 chambered heart

Answer 81

``` forelimbs into wings hollow bones efficient respiratory system (always have O2 in respiratory system) high metabolic rate anapsid ```

Answer 82

2 temporal openings behind eye socket allowed for attachment of jaw muscle, light skulls, provide space for jaw muscle to budge crocodile, lizards, snakes, birds

Answer 83

1 temporal opening turtle

Answer 84

lack opening

Answer 85

lower section of turtle shell

Answer 86

upper section of turtle sell

Answer 87

stomach of birds

Answer 88

stores food; helps in regurgitation of young

Answer 89

``` amniotic egg scales & tough skin internal fertilization efficient lungs modified nervous system high-pressure circulation ```

Answer 90

scaly feet | 3 toes

Answer 91

lack diaphragm but breathe by negative pressure air pulled in by thoracic and abdominal muscle that expand thoracic cavity. during expiration, abdominal muscles contract to push air out of air sacs