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Animal Diversity Lab > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Clade Nematoda

A 
psedocoelom
bilateral symmetry
dioecious (separate sexes)
longitudinal muscle only (lack circular muscles)
unsegmented
hydrostatic skeleton
cuticle
complete digestive tract
simple excretory system
no respiratory or circulatory system
parasitic and free-living
most numerous multicellular organism

ascaris, vinegar eel, hookworm, pinworm, c. elegan

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2
Q

Ascaris (Clade Nematoda)

A

infects humans and pigs
parasitic roundworm
testes < vas deferens < seminal vesicle

female: curved end

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3
Q

Testes

A

produce sperm

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4
Q

seminal vesicle

A

transport mature sperm out of body

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5
Q

vas deferens

A

store mature sperm and transports them to seminal vesicle

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6
Q

vagina (clade nematoda)

A

receives sperm and directs eggs through genital pore

connect uteri with oviduct

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7
Q

ovary

A

produces egg

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8
Q

oviduct

A

repository for eggs produced in ovary until fertilization

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9
Q

spicule (clade nematoda)

A

male copulatory organ

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10
Q

pharynx

A

transport food from mouth to intestine

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11
Q

lateral lines (Clade Nematoda)

A

excretory system

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12
Q

clade rotifera (mastax, corona, foot)

A

mastax: consists of a complete set of jaws
corona: ciliated for locomotion
foot: bearing two toes

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13
Q

Clade mollusca

A 
true coelom
protostome
open circulatory system except cephalopods
bilateral symmetry
unsegmented
suspension feeders
exoskeleton (shell)
tripoblastic
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14
Q

adaptive radiation

A

clade mollusca

evolution of different morphological types from a single ancestor following migration to different environments

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15
Q

clade bivalvia (clade mollusca)

A

clams, oysters, scallops, and mussels

reduced head
lack radula
umbo is oldest part of shell
marine and freshwater
two-part hinged shell
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16
Q

Open circulatory system (hemolymph and hemocoel)

A

hemolymph instead of blood

heart pumps hemolymph into open sinuses where it bathes organs, tissues, nutrients and gas exchange

hemocoel: body cavity through which hemolymph and coelomic fluid circulates

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17
Q

adductor muscle (clade mollusca)

A

located at posterior and anterior end

close shell and hold valves together

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18
Q

visceral mass (clade mollusca)

A

contains organs

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19
Q

mantle (clade mollusca)

A

secretes the shell

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20
Q

foot (clade mollusca)

A

used for burrowing and locomotion

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21
Q

gills (clade mollusca)

A

respiration and filter feeding

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22
Q

gonad

A

produce gametes for reproduction

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23
Q

labial palp (clade mollusca)

A

collect food particles from gills and transport them to mouth

secretes mucus into gills

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24
Q

clade cephalopoda (clade mollusca)

A

octopus, cuttlefish, squid

reduced shell
closed circulatory system
foot modified into tentacles
marine
predators, can be very fast
most advanced nervous system of all invertebrates
anti-predation: ink, camouflage with chromatophores

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25
Q

clade gastropoda (clade mollusca)

radula, torsion

A

stomach foot, have one valve

undergoes torsion (asymmetrical): visceral mass is twisted during embryonic development so that mantle cavity is on the anterior end above the mouth

radula: rasping organ used to puncture and tear prey
terrestrial, marine, freshwater

snails, slugs, conch, whelks

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26
Q

clade polyplacophora

A

head food
elongated flat body
usually dioecious
8 dorasal plates on shell adhere to rock with suction cupsfeed by scraping with radula

chiton

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27
Q

clade scaphopoda (clade mollusca)

A

curved, one-piece shell, mouth with tentacles, absent head
marine

tusk shells

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28
Q

clade annelida

A 
tripoblastic
protostome
hydrostatic skeleton
segmentation (metamerism)
closed circulatory system
complete digestive system
monoecious/hermaphroditic
longitudinal and circular muscle
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29
Q

setae (clade annelida)

A

bristles used for locomotion on parapodia

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30
Q

clade polychaeta (clade annelida)

A

marine forms, clamworms

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31
Q

clade hirudinea (clade annelida)

A

leeches

no setae

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32
Q

clade oligochaeta (clade annelida)

A

few setae

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33
Q

pharynx (clade annelida)

A

muscular region of digestive system specialized for pumping in soil

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34
Q

pumping vessels (clade annelida)

A

“hearts”

muscular branches of dorsal blood vessels that rhythmically contract to circulate blood throughout body

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35
Q

esophagus (clade annelida)

A

between pharynx and crop

36
Q

crop (clade annelida)

A

thin-walled chamber where food is temporarily stored

37
Q

gizzard (clade annelida)

A

thick-walled muscular chamber where soil is mechanically ground and usuable material is separated from indigestible materials

38
Q

dorsal blood vessel (clade annelida)

A

longitudinal blood vessel that returns blood to pumping vessels

39
Q

seminal receptacle (clade annelida)

A

ventrally located organ that receive sperm during copulation and store sperm until needed to fertilize egg

40
Q

seminal vesicle (clade annelida)

A

ventral ograns but extending dorsally around each side of esophagus that store maturing sperm

41
Q

nephridia (clade annelida)

A

paired excretory system found along lateral margins that release waste fluids through small pores in body wall

42
Q

septa (clade annelida)

A

thin, fleshy partition between segments

43
Q

clitellum (clade annelida)

A

thick glandular section of body wall that secrete viscid sac in which eggs are deposited

44
Q

Earthworm production

A

worms align with heads pointing in opposite direction and secrete slimy mucous emission from each clitellum that holds them together during copulation

sperm discharged simultaneously from each worm and travel to seminal receptacle of their mate

worms separate and each secret a mucous band from its clitellum, picking up effs from egg sac and sperm from seminal receptacle

fertilization occurs in cocoon which slips off the anterior end of worm and is deposited near entrance of worm’s burrow

eggs develop for 2-3 weeks before juvenile earthworm emerge

45
Q

clade arthropoda

A 
metamerism (segmentation)
tripoblastic
protostome
true coelom
striated muscles
exoskeleton
open circulatory system
highly devloped sensory system
specialized respiratory system
joint apendages
46
Q

tagmata (clade arthropoda)

A

compound body segment of a metameric animal that results from embryonic fusion of two or more segments

cephalon
thorax
pygidium

47
Q

clade chelicerata

A
  1. clade merostomata (horshoe crab)
  2. clade arachnida (have eight legs: spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions)

no antennae
first pair of appendage is chelicerae

48
Q

carapace (clade merostomata)

A

outer shell that covers cephalothorax

horseshoe crab

49
Q

cephalothorax (clade merostomata/arachnida)

A

head portion

50
Q

gill opercula (clade merostomata)

A

gill protection

51
Q

book gills (clade merostomata)

A

used for respiration

52
Q

simple eyes (ocelli) (clade merostomata)

A

light sensory

2

53
Q

compound eyes (clade merostomata)

A

form images

10

54
Q

telson (clade merostomata)

A

tail

55
Q

chelicerae (clade merostomata)

A

first of appendages

hold and chew food

56
Q

pedipalps (clade merostomata)

A

second pair of appendages

manipulate food

57
Q

chelicera (clade arachnida)

A

first pair of appendages

fangs

58
Q

book lungs (clade arachnida)

A

respiration

59
Q

fangs (clade arachnida)

A

inject enzyme into prey to liquefy

60
Q

tracheal spiracle (clade arachnida)

A

small apertures on side used for respiration

61
Q

spinnerets (clade arachnida)

A

webs for catching prey, coats eggs, build bridges

62
Q

clade crustacea

A

two sets of antennae

  1. clade malcostraca (eight thoracic and 6 abdominal segments)
  2. clade decapoda (eyes on stalk: crayfish, crab, lobster)
63
Q

Clade myriapoda

A

one set of antennae

  1. clade diplopoda (millipede)
  2. clade chilopoda (centipede)
64
Q

clade hexapoda (clade arthropoda)

A

one pair of antennae

1. clade insecta

65
Q

rostrum (clade decapoda)

A

pointed region between eyes demarcating anterior end of body

66
Q

antennae (clade decapoda)

A

longer paired appendages for chemosensory and tactile reception

67
Q

antennules (clade decapoda)

A

shorter paired appendages on head for chemosensory, tactile and equilibrium reception

68
Q

compound eyes (clade decapoda)

A

detect light and form visual images

69
Q

swimmerets (clade decapoda)

A

abdominal appendages for swimming

70
Q

copulatory swimmerets (clade decapoda)

A

sperm transfer during copulation

71
Q

seminal receptacle (clade decapoda)

A

receive sperm

72
Q

telson (clade decapoda)

A

middle part of tail

73
Q

uropods (clade decapoda)

A

fins coming off of telson

74
Q

chelipeds (clade decapoda)

A

first pair of appendages

claws

75
Q

walking legs (clade decapoda)

A

locomotion (walking)

76
Q

cardiac stomach (clade decapoda)

A

mechanical digestion

contains gastric teeth/gastric mill: grind food

77
Q

pyloric stomach (clade decapoda)

A

chemical digestion

78
Q

gills (clade decapoda)

A

respiration

79
Q

heart with ostia (clade decapoda)

A

uptake and delivery of blood

80
Q

green glands (clade decapoda)

A

excretory organ

81
Q

digestive glands (clade decapoda)

A

secrete digestive enzyme into pyloric stomach to facilitate food breakdown

82
Q

clade insecta

A

waxy cuticle (withstand dry air yet allow gas exchange)
wings
stronger support system and walking appendages to overcome gravity
specialized excretory, respiratory and digestive structures

83
Q

spiracles (clade insecta)

A

opening in abdomen that allow air flow into and out of tracheae

84
Q

ocelli (clade insecta)

A

photoreceptor

not capable of forming image

85
Q

gastric ceca (clade insecta)

A

between crop and stomach; facilitates chemical digestion

86
Q

malpighian tubules

A

reabsorb water in excretory waste

Animal Diversity Lab (3 decks)

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