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Animal Diversity Lab > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Clade Nematoda

A 
psedocoelom
bilateral symmetry
dioecious (separate sexes)
longitudinal muscle only (lack circular muscles)
unsegmented
hydrostatic skeleton
cuticle
complete digestive tract
simple excretory system
no respiratory or circulatory system
parasitic and free-living
most numerous multicellular organism

ascaris, vinegar eel, hookworm, pinworm, c. elegan

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2
Q

Ascaris (Clade Nematoda)

A

infects humans and pigs
parasitic roundworm
testes < vas deferens < seminal vesicle

female: curved end

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3
Q

Testes

A

produce sperm

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4
Q

seminal vesicle

A

transport mature sperm out of body

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5
Q

vas deferens

A

store mature sperm and transports them to seminal vesicle

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6
Q

vagina (clade nematoda)

A

receives sperm and directs eggs through genital pore

connect uteri with oviduct

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7
Q

ovary

A

produces egg

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8
Q

oviduct

A

repository for eggs produced in ovary until fertilization

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9
Q

spicule (clade nematoda)

A

male copulatory organ

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10
Q

pharynx

A

transport food from mouth to intestine

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11
Q

lateral lines (Clade Nematoda)

A

excretory system

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12
Q

clade rotifera (mastax, corona, foot)

A

mastax: consists of a complete set of jaws
corona: ciliated for locomotion
foot: bearing two toes

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13
Q

Clade mollusca

A 
true coelom
protostome
open circulatory system except cephalopods
bilateral symmetry
unsegmented
suspension feeders
exoskeleton (shell)
tripoblastic
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14
Q

adaptive radiation

A

clade mollusca

evolution of different morphological types from a single ancestor following migration to different environments

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15
Q

clade bivalvia (clade mollusca)

A

clams, oysters, scallops, and mussels

reduced head
lack radula
umbo is oldest part of shell
marine and freshwater
two-part hinged shell
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16
Q

Open circulatory system (hemolymph and hemocoel)

A

hemolymph instead of blood

heart pumps hemolymph into open sinuses where it bathes organs, tissues, nutrients and gas exchange

hemocoel: body cavity through which hemolymph and coelomic fluid circulates

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17
Q

adductor muscle (clade mollusca)

A

located at posterior and anterior end

close shell and hold valves together

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18
Q

visceral mass (clade mollusca)

A

contains organs

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19
Q

mantle (clade mollusca)

A

secretes the shell

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20
Q

foot (clade mollusca)

A

used for burrowing and locomotion

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21
Q

gills (clade mollusca)

A

respiration and filter feeding

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22
Q

gonad

A

produce gametes for reproduction

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23
Q

labial palp (clade mollusca)

A

collect food particles from gills and transport them to mouth

secretes mucus into gills

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24
Q

clade cephalopoda (clade mollusca)

A

octopus, cuttlefish, squid

reduced shell
closed circulatory system
foot modified into tentacles
marine
predators, can be very fast
most advanced nervous system of all invertebrates
anti-predation: ink, camouflage with chromatophores

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25
clade gastropoda (clade mollusca) radula, torsion
stomach foot, have one valve undergoes torsion (asymmetrical): visceral mass is twisted during embryonic development so that mantle cavity is on the anterior end above the mouth radula: rasping organ used to puncture and tear prey terrestrial, marine, freshwater snails, slugs, conch, whelks
26
clade polyplacophora
head food elongated flat body usually dioecious 8 dorasal plates on shell adhere to rock with suction cupsfeed by scraping with radula chiton
27
clade scaphopoda (clade mollusca)
curved, one-piece shell, mouth with tentacles, absent head marine tusk shells
28
clade annelida
``` tripoblastic protostome hydrostatic skeleton segmentation (metamerism) closed circulatory system complete digestive system monoecious/hermaphroditic longitudinal and circular muscle ```
29
setae (clade annelida)
bristles used for locomotion on parapodia
30
clade polychaeta (clade annelida)
marine forms, clamworms
31
clade hirudinea (clade annelida)
leeches | no setae
32
clade oligochaeta (clade annelida)
few setae
33
pharynx (clade annelida)
muscular region of digestive system specialized for pumping in soil
34
pumping vessels (clade annelida)
"hearts" muscular branches of dorsal blood vessels that rhythmically contract to circulate blood throughout body
35
esophagus (clade annelida)
between pharynx and crop
36
crop (clade annelida)
thin-walled chamber where food is temporarily stored
37
gizzard (clade annelida)
thick-walled muscular chamber where soil is mechanically ground and usuable material is separated from indigestible materials
38
dorsal blood vessel (clade annelida)
longitudinal blood vessel that returns blood to pumping vessels
39
seminal receptacle (clade annelida)
ventrally located organ that receive sperm during copulation and store sperm until needed to fertilize egg
40
seminal vesicle (clade annelida)
ventral ograns but extending dorsally around each side of esophagus that store maturing sperm
41
nephridia (clade annelida)
paired excretory system found along lateral margins that release waste fluids through small pores in body wall
42
septa (clade annelida)
thin, fleshy partition between segments
43
clitellum (clade annelida)
thick glandular section of body wall that secrete viscid sac in which eggs are deposited
44
Earthworm production
worms align with heads pointing in opposite direction and secrete slimy mucous emission from each clitellum that holds them together during copulation sperm discharged simultaneously from each worm and travel to seminal receptacle of their mate worms separate and each secret a mucous band from its clitellum, picking up effs from egg sac and sperm from seminal receptacle fertilization occurs in cocoon which slips off the anterior end of worm and is deposited near entrance of worm's burrow eggs develop for 2-3 weeks before juvenile earthworm emerge
45
clade arthropoda
``` metamerism (segmentation) tripoblastic protostome true coelom striated muscles exoskeleton open circulatory system highly devloped sensory system specialized respiratory system joint apendages ```
46
tagmata (clade arthropoda)
compound body segment of a metameric animal that results from embryonic fusion of two or more segments cephalon thorax pygidium
47
clade chelicerata
1. clade merostomata (horshoe crab) 2. clade arachnida (have eight legs: spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions) no antennae first pair of appendage is chelicerae
48
carapace (clade merostomata)
outer shell that covers cephalothorax horseshoe crab
49
cephalothorax (clade merostomata/arachnida)
head portion
50
gill opercula (clade merostomata)
gill protection
51
book gills (clade merostomata)
used for respiration
52
simple eyes (ocelli) (clade merostomata)
light sensory | 2
53
compound eyes (clade merostomata)
form images | 10
54
telson (clade merostomata)
tail
55
chelicerae (clade merostomata)
first of appendages | hold and chew food
56
pedipalps (clade merostomata)
second pair of appendages | manipulate food
57
chelicera (clade arachnida)
first pair of appendages | fangs
58
book lungs (clade arachnida)
respiration
59
fangs (clade arachnida)
inject enzyme into prey to liquefy
60
tracheal spiracle (clade arachnida)
small apertures on side used for respiration
61
spinnerets (clade arachnida)
webs for catching prey, coats eggs, build bridges
62
clade crustacea
two sets of antennae 1. clade malcostraca (eight thoracic and 6 abdominal segments) 2. clade decapoda (eyes on stalk: crayfish, crab, lobster)
63
Clade myriapoda
one set of antennae 1. clade diplopoda (millipede) 2. clade chilopoda (centipede)
64
clade hexapoda (clade arthropoda)
one pair of antennae | 1. clade insecta
65
rostrum (clade decapoda)
pointed region between eyes demarcating anterior end of body
66
antennae (clade decapoda)
longer paired appendages for chemosensory and tactile reception
67
antennules (clade decapoda)
shorter paired appendages on head for chemosensory, tactile and equilibrium reception
68
compound eyes (clade decapoda)
detect light and form visual images
69
swimmerets (clade decapoda)
abdominal appendages for swimming
70
copulatory swimmerets (clade decapoda)
sperm transfer during copulation
71
seminal receptacle (clade decapoda)
receive sperm
72
telson (clade decapoda)
middle part of tail
73
uropods (clade decapoda)
fins coming off of telson
74
chelipeds (clade decapoda)
first pair of appendages | claws
75
walking legs (clade decapoda)
locomotion (walking)
76
cardiac stomach (clade decapoda)
mechanical digestion | contains gastric teeth/gastric mill: grind food
77
pyloric stomach (clade decapoda)
chemical digestion
78
gills (clade decapoda)
respiration
79
heart with ostia (clade decapoda)
uptake and delivery of blood
80
green glands (clade decapoda)
excretory organ
81
digestive glands (clade decapoda)
secrete digestive enzyme into pyloric stomach to facilitate food breakdown
82
clade insecta
waxy cuticle (withstand dry air yet allow gas exchange) wings stronger support system and walking appendages to overcome gravity specialized excretory, respiratory and digestive structures
83
spiracles (clade insecta)
opening in abdomen that allow air flow into and out of tracheae
84
ocelli (clade insecta)
photoreceptor | not capable of forming image
85
gastric ceca (clade insecta)
between crop and stomach; facilitates chemical digestion
86
malpighian tubules
reabsorb water in excretory waste

Animal Diversity Lab (3 decks)

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