exam 3 Flashcards
A nonuniformed law enforcement officer of medieval England. They were small and unorganized
comes stabuli
an early form of police patrol in English cities and towns
night watch
A police formed under the command of Sir Robert Peel. IT became the model for modern-day police forces throughout the Western World
new police
the pop British name given to members of Sir Robert Peel’s Metropolitan Police
bobbies
the act of taking the law into one’s own hands
vigilantism
the first large-scale scientific study of law enforcement practices. Sponsored by the Police Foundation, it focused on the practice of preventive patrol
Kansas City experiment
What were the results of the KS exp?
Crime rates were not impacted by preventive patrol and directed patrol is better
A police management strategy designed to increase the productivity of patrol officer through the scientific analysis and evaluation of patrol techniques
directed patrol
uses research into everyday police procedures to evaluate current practices and to guide officers and police execs in future decision making
evidence based policing
a US govt agency or office whose primary functional responsibility is to enforce federal criminal laws
fed law enforcement agency
What are the 3 leg and jud jurisdiction
fed
state
local
first state level agency
texas rangers
combined criminal investigational duties and state hwy patrol assist local dpts operate identification bureaus maintain a crim records repository patrol hwys provide training for local officers
centralized state agencies
separates state hwy patrol from other duties
other duties performed by adjunct state-level law enforcement agencies
decentralized
what do local agencies contain
municipal dpts
sheriffs dpts
specialized groups like transit and campus police
city or town based can create its own police dpt many have fewer than ten full-time officers many utilize part-time some contract w private security firms
municipal dpts
responsible for law enforcement throughout their countie
main job is to run the jail
sheriffs dpts
privately funded, for-profit agencies
provide a variety of security-related services to their clientele
private protective services
Why is their growth of privavte protective services
increase in crimes within the workplace and fear of terrorism
the fiscal crisis of state
increased awareness for private security
How does integrating public and private security work
They go hand in hand
Who is the father of policing
Robert Peel
set of informal values that characterize the police force as a distinct community w a commune identity
police subculture
How can police subculture be changed?
new hiring process
investigations into corruption
the abuse of police authority for personal or organizational gain
police corruption
more common form of police corruption
involves small bribes or relatively minor services offered by citizens seeking to avoid arrest and prosecution
grass eaters
more serious form of corruption, involving an officer’s actively seeking illicit moneymaking opportunities. Solicit bribes through threat or intimidation.
meat eaters
How can police integrity be promoted
integrating police ethics training into programs
conducting research in the area of ethics
What is the rate if violent deaths among police officers in the line of duty
small
Where do most on-the-job deaths come from
stress, training accidents, auto crashes and violence
What is the most cause of of death
car crashes
Sources of stress
feeling like you’re not making a difference
arrests not leading to convictions
evidence not allowed in court
the use of physical restraint by a police offcer when dealing w a member of the public
police use of force
application of an amount greater than that required to compel compliance from a willing or unwilling subject
excessive force
a law enforcement officer who exhibits problem behavior
problem police officer
force likely to cause death or great bodily harm. According to FBI “the intentional use of a firearm or other instrument resulting in a high probability of death”
deadly force
Court invalidated the fleeing felon rule and held that deadly force could be justified only where the suspect could reasonably thought to SERIOUSLY HARM THE PUBLIC
Tennessee v Garner (1985)
designed to disable, capture, or immobilize–but not kill– a suspect
less-lethal weapons
any police-initiated action that relies on the race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than the behavior of the individual, an infor that leads the police to a particular individual who has been identified as being, or having been, engaged in criminal activity
racial profiling
what was profiling origignally meant for
catching drug couriers
suits against any law enforcement personnel
civil liability
shields “responsible” law enforcement officers from civil liability if they believe their actions to be lawful
qualified immunity
criminal charges can be brough against officers who appear to overstep boundaries or who act in violation of set standards
criminal liability
reasonable suspicion
reasonable belief that through articulate circumstances that criminal activity might be afoot
probable cause
the reasonable belief that a specific person committed a specific crime
