Exam 3 Flashcards
When transitioning from rest to light exercise, which breathing variable increases first?
Tidal volume
Draymond Green is about to start running a marathon race. Before the marathon even starts, Draymond’s minute ventilation (VE) and heart rate (HR) increase in anticipation of the upcoming race. This is called a __________.
Feedforward mechanism
Blake Griffin likes to hold his breath while doing maximal bench press exercise because he feels that it helps him lift more weight. This breath-holding technique is called
Valsalva
True or false. Tom Brady is not an elite endurance athlete, and he does not have pulmonary disease. Therefore, the lungs are likely not the limiting factor in his endurance exercise performance.
True
Which group is least likely to have their lungs limit exercise performance?
Average, healthy individuals
True or false. During high-intensity exercise, expiration is a passive process.
False
What has a higher gas exchange constant (i.e., diffuses more readily across respiratory membrane)?
Carbon dioxide
Increased acidity and temperature cause a right-shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, which does what?
Favors unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin at muscles
What happens to the (a-v)O2 difference during high-intensity exercise, compared to rest?
(a-v)O2 difference increases due to maintenance of arterial O2 and a decrease in venous O2.
True or false. A person beginning an running training program is likely to see an increase in lung volumes following 6 months of training.
False
True or false. Increased CO2 in the blood provides a stronger stimulus to increase breathing than low O2 in the blood.
True
Rapid, shallow breathing during exercise that results in a lack of O2 getting to the alveoli is called what?
Dyspnea
What respiratory variable can increase following an aerobic exercise training program?
VEmax
Chemoreceptors in the brain and major arteries leading away from the heart are most sensitive to _____ levels in the blood.
CO2
John is a 46 year-old male with a VO2max of 48 ml/kg/min and Jane is a 31 year-old female with a VO2max of 33 ml/kg/min. Who will have a higher age-predicted maximal heart rate?
Jane
Fred and Barney are the same age, but Fred has a resting heart rate of 52 and Barney has a resting heart rate of 81. Who would likely have a higher fitness level?
Fred
Heart rate is usually ________ when lying down compared to when standing.
Higher
True or false. In healthy but inactive individuals, heart rate and aerobic exercise intensity have a direct, linear relationship until close to maximal effort.
True
True or false. In elite endurance athletes, stroke volume plateaus at around 50% of VO2max.
False
If Frodo Baggins is walking at a constant intensity (e.g., 3 mph) for 2 hours, what will his systolic blood pressure be at 10 minutes compared to at 110 minutes?
Higher at 10 minutes than 110 minutes
What is the relationship between the intensity of aerobic exercise and diastolic blood pressure?
No relationship
What are the blood pressure responses to resistance training?
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure both increase during each set in resistance training and decrease in the rest interval between sets
True or false. The percentage of blood going to the brain is lower during exercise compared to at rest, but the total amount of blood either stays the same or increases during exercise compared to at rest.
True
True or false. Plasma volume (the liquid portion of the blood) increases acutely during aerobic exercise.
False
Which kind of training would elicit the largest change in the internal size of the left ventricle (abbreviated as LVID)?
Aerobic
Aaron Judge begins an aerobic training program. 6 months after starting the program, what change would you expect to see with his maximal heart rate (HRmax) compared to pre-training?
Little change or slight decrease
Aaron Judge begins an aerobic training program. 6 months after starting the program, what change would you expect to see with his maximal stroke volume (SV) compared to pre-training?
Substantial increase
Aaron Judge begins an aerobic training program. 6 months after starting the program, what change would you expect to see with his maximal cardiac output (Q) compared to pre-training?
Substantial increase
Aaron Judge begins an aerobic training program. 6 months after starting the program, what change would you expect to see with his blood pressure during maximal exercise, compared to pre-training?
Increased systolic BP, decreased diastolic BP
Aaron Judge begins an aerobic training program. 6 months after starting the program, what change would you expect to see with his blood volume, compared to pre-training?
Increased
Aaron Judge begins an aerobic training program. 6 months after starting the program, what change would you expect to see with his plasma volum, compared to pre-training?
Increased
True or false. During high-intensity aerobic exercise, there is usually a reduction in the amount of blood (in L/min) which goes to the brain.
False
Tom Crean begins a resistance training program. 6 months after starting the program, what change would you expect to see with his maximal stroke volume, compared to pre-training?
Little/no change
Tom Izzo begins a resistance training program. 6 months after starting the program, what change would you expect to see with his red blood cell numbers, compared to pre-training?
Little/no change
Conan and Brian both have the same resting heart rate, 44 beats/min. Conan runs regularly but Brian hasn’t exercised in 22 years. Which individual’s heart rate would be considered normal?
Conan
Which blood vessel type plays the largest role in redistributing blood to the muscles and skin during exercise?
Arterioles
At rest, which component of blood pressure is a larger determinant of mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
Diastolic BP
What has the largest role in determining blood flow through a blood vessel in the body?
Radius of the blood vessel
Blood vessels feeding active muscles vasodilate during exercise due to what?
Intrinsic factors
With a higher end diastolic volume, the force of contraction of the heart is increased, resulting in a higher stroke volume. What is this called?
Frank-Starling mechanism
