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MUSI 103 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Orientalism

A

Small but persistent set of images/ideas by which Western authors have imagined/represented non-Western peoples

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2
Q

Noble Savage

A
  • virtuous
  • in touch w/ natural world
  • belonging in or to the past
  • mystical wisdom
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3
Q

Bloodthirsty Marauder

A
  • violent
  • irrational
  • threat to progress
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4
Q

Culture Areas

A
  • 6-8 in the U.S.
  • Plains, Northwestern
  • designate a location where a tribe would live in a similar lifestyle but not necessarily be associated in any way
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5
Q

Plains (music area)

A
  • high, tense vocals

- drum

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6
Q

Eastern U.S. (music area)

A
  • more relaxed vocals

- leader & chorus

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7
Q

Instruments in Native American Music

A
  • drums
  • rattles
  • vocals
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8
Q

Musical Commonalities (Native America)

A
  • monophonic
  • vocals (tense sound, pulsation on long notes)
  • percussion
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9
Q

Powwow

A

Social gathering btwn members of one tribe or members of several tribes. Has political, cultural, spiritual purposes

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10
Q

Indian Removal Act

A
  • 1830
  • law authorized the president to negotiate with southern Indian tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their lands
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11
Q

Vocable

A

meaningless syllables

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12
Q

Intertribal

A

people of different ethnic groups interacting in some way

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13
Q

Ghost Dance Religion

A
  • late 1880s
  • new religious movement incorporated into numerous American Indian belief systems
  • short songs w/ small vocal range
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14
Q

Diegetic Music

A

music w/in the narrative of the film

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15
Q

Extradiegetic Music

A

music characters cannot hear

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16
Q

Stagecoach (1939)

A
  • Classical Western
  • Manifest Destiny
  • (wild west shows)
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17
Q

Broken Arrow (1950)

A
  • Liberal Western

- sees Indian stronghold for 1st time: tom-tom figure; music creates dramatic tension including percussion and horns

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18
Q

Dances with Wolves (1990)

A
  • Coplandesque sound
  • sees Sioux village for 1st time: music is beautiful and able to elicit narrative clarity and emotional force, NO tom-tom figure
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19
Q

Wagnerian/Romantic Film Score

A

German composer who often used leitmotifs in his works

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20
Q

Leitmotif

A

short, musical phrase that stands in for a person, place, or thing

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21
Q

Tom-Tom Figure

A
  • leitmotif used to represent Native American characters
    • angular modal meloides
  • often has negative connotation
  • in “Dances w/ Wolves,” has positive connotation
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22
Q

Coplandesque Film Music

A

Americana sound

- provided soundtracks to many Western films

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23
Q

African Influences on Latin American Music

A
  • call & response
  • dense, overlapping texture
  • polyrhythmic
  • community participation
24
Q

Quena

A
  • notched, end-blown flute

- Andes region of S. America

25
Q

Panpipes

A

5 or more pipes put together to form a scale

26
Q

Accordian

A
  • inexpensive, readily available (after Ind. Revolution)

- found its way into the hands of many Latin American musicians

27
Q

Tango

A
  • Argentina (and Uruguay)

- solo guitar, guitar duo, or ensemble [2 violins, flute, piano, double bass, bandoneon (accordion-like)]

28
Q

Candombe

A
  • Uruguayan music and dance that comes from African slaves
  • derived from Tango
  • typical insts: candombe drums
29
Q

Mestizaje

A
  • Mixture

- Interbreeding and cultural intermixing of Spanish and American Indian people

30
Q

Mariachi

A
  • Jalisco, Mexico

- 2 or more violins, guitarron, 2 trumpets, and various guitars

31
Q

Huayno

A
  • song and dance genre from PERU

- strophic form & double meter

32
Q

Aymara

A
  • indigenous people from southern highlands of PERU
  • music characterized by presence of wind insts and drums
    • siku & bombo (bass drum)
33
Q

Aymara Musical Aesthetics

A
  • community & egalitarianism
  • playing as one (hocket, detuned insts, broad participation)
    • hocket: 2 insts combine to create a single melody
34
Q

Siku

A

panpipes

35
Q

Urban Migration in Latin America

A
  • Poverty has increased dramatically since the 1970s in Latin America. One significant trend is the rising ‘urbanization of poverty’ as people migrate to the cities.
  • Migration to the cities occurs for a variety of reasons, one of which is rural poverty, due to the mixture of socio-economic and climatic reasons (e.g. drought, landslides)
36
Q

Diaspora

A

the sum total of people who identify w/ a homeland but live elsewhere
OR
the process by which a group is dispersed from their homeland

37
Q

Carnaval

A

the period before Lent characterized by parades, music, celebration, and partying

38
Q

Samba

A

Brazilian musical genre and dance style, with its roots in Africa via the West African slave trade and African religious traditions

39
Q

Batucada

A
  • Sub-genre of samba with a strong 2/4 or duple meter and samba
    percussion instruments
  • Pared-down, percussion-only style
40
Q

Samba Carnaval (Samba Enredo)

A
  • Another sub-genre of samba with a strong 2/4 meter and samba
    percussion instruments
  • Vocals and cavaquinho (plucked string instrument) in addition to percussion
  • Fast-paced
  • Large ensemble
  • Often features glossy production quality
41
Q

Pagode

A
  • Also a sub-genre of samba (strong 2/4 meter, use of samba percussion)
  • Vocals and cavaquinho added to percussion
  • Much slower and more relaxed than the other two styles of samba
  • Often features extensive call and response between leader and chorus
  • Smaller ensemble, “rootsy” sound
42
Q

Samba School

A

groups, usually corresponding to a neighborhood, that travel through the streets performing during Carnaval

43
Q

Favela

A

type of extremely impoverished neighborhood outside of Brazilian cities

44
Q

Surdo

A
  • Samba instrument

- large bass drum

45
Q

Tamborim

A
  • Samba instrument

- small, round Brazilian frame drum

46
Q

Pandeiro

A
  • Samba instrument

- type of hand frame drum (looks kind of like a tambourine)

47
Q

Agogô

A
  • Samba instrument

- single or multiple bell

48
Q

Cuíca

A
  • Samba instrument
  • friction drum with a large pitch range, produced by changing tension on the head of the drum
  • dampen the stick inside
49
Q

Repinique

A
  • Samba instrument
  • two-headed Brazilian drum
  • played by “leader”
50
Q

Carmen Miranda

A

actor & singer from Brazil; traveled to U.S. to make films in an attempt to foster goodwill btwn U.S. & Latin America (Good Neighbor Policy)

51
Q

Orpheus Myth

A

Supremely gifted minstrel who attempted to rescue his dead wife from the Underworld

52
Q

Exoticism

A
  • the representation of one culture for consumption by another
  • act of representing other cultures so as to mask their social problems
53
Q

Bossa Nova

A
  • Not a form of samba, though influenced by samba
  • Vocals with guitar or small jazz combo accompaniment
  • Extensive use of dissonance
  • Cool, unemotional vocal delivery and overall aesthetic
54
Q

Tropicalia

A
  • Also not a form of samba
  • Eclectic style, coined the term, “cultural cannibalism”
  • Draws on classical, popular, and traditional styles from throughout the world
  • Many examples sound somewhat like North American popular music from the 1960s with experimental elements
55
Q

Cultural Cannibalism

A
  • political form of syncretism (amalgamation of diff. cultures)
  • third-world countries attempting to mirror and replicate pop culture found in the first world
56
Q

Cultural Evolutionism

A

the theory that all cultures evolve on a single track from simple to complex, from primitive to modern, and from worse to better

57
Q

Cultural Relativism

A
  • the proposition that there is no single, universal, scientific, or objective criteria for evaluating cultural practice or musical quality
  • the idea that a person’s beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on that person’s own culture, rather than be judged against the criteria of another

MUSI 103 (3 decks)

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