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MUSI 103 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Merriam’s Three-Part Model for Musical Analysis

A
  1. Sound
  2. Practices
  3. Beliefs/Conceptions
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2
Q

Musical Universals

A
  • all societies have (something that sounds to us like) music
  • all societies have singing
  • all societies use music in religious rituals
  • all societies have musical genres
  • all societies have musical units (works, songs, ect.)
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3
Q

Monophony

A

features 1 single melodic line

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4
Q

Homophony

A

features multiple melodic lines moving at the same time

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5
Q

Polyphony

A

features multiple independent melodic lines (round)

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6
Q

Monody

A

features 1 melodic line w/ accompaniment

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7
Q

Heterophony

A

features multiple voices w/ the same melodic contour and very slight variations

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8
Q

5 Instrument Types

A
  1. Chordophones - sound produced by strings
  2. Aerophones - sound produced by air
  3. Membranophone - instrument w/ a membrane (drums)
  4. Idiophones - sound produced by instrument itself
  5. Electrophones - sound is produced electronically
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9
Q

Dravidian

A

Prominent language in South India (majority of the pop. in S. India)
Other languages in S. India include: Hindi & English

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10
Q

Hindustani Music

A

North Indian classical music

  • sitar
  • tabla
  • harmonium
  • violin
  • tambura (drone)
  • sruti box (drone)
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11
Q

Karnatak Music

A

South Indian classical music

  • veena
  • mridangam (drum)
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12
Q

Cultural Evolutionism

A

the theory that all cultures evolve on a single track from simple to complex, from primitive to modern, and worse to better

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13
Q

Enthnocentrism

A

the belief that your own perspectives/values are universal

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14
Q

Vedic Period

A

1700-500 BCE

  • Aryans
    • Sanskrit
    • Vedas
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15
Q

British Colonialism

A

1858-1947

- Industrial Revolution = mechanization & division of labor

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16
Q

Raga

A

~ scale & associated characteristics

  • pitches/svara (radiating self)
  • sargam syllables
  • ornamentation/ gamaka
  • phrases
  • extramusical associations
17
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

the proposition that there is no single, universal, scientific, or objective criteria for evaluating cultural practice or musical quality

18
Q

Alap

A

Hindustani Music

  • slow
  • ametric
  • improvisation in raga
19
Q

Gat-Tora

A

song form in Hindustani Music

  • tabla
  • tala (meter)
20
Q

Jhala

A

free, virtuosic improvisation

21
Q

Alapana

A

Karnatak Music

  • slow
  • ametric
  • improvisation in raga
22
Q

Kriti

A

Song form in Karnatak Music

  • tata
  • mridangam (percussion)
  • precomposed text & music
23
Q

Common Features of African Music

A
  • rhythmic complexity (polyrhythms)
  • interlock
  • dense, overlapping texture
  • descending melodic lines
  • call & response
  • cyclical, open-ended form
  • ostinatio
  • community participation (present in many, but not all)
  • core & elaboration parts
  • improvisation
24
Q

Shona Instruments

A
  • mbira

- hosho

25
Q

Syncretism

A 
the process of combining distinct cultural practices to create new cultural practices
CAUSES FOR SYNCRETISM:
- colonialism
- mass production of instruments
- mass media
- nationalist movements
- World Beat
26
Q

Kora

A

W. African instrument w/ 21 strings

27
Q

African Independence Movements

A

The African Independence Movements took place in the 20th century, when a wave of struggles for independence in European-ruled African territories were witnessed

28
Q

Central African Forest Peoples

A
  • small-scale hunter-gatherer community

- music is a socialized activity

29
Q

Shona of Zimbabwe

A
  • have bira (spirit possession ceremony)

- have more call & response and community participation

30
Q

Qawwali

A

genre of Sufi Muslim music popular throughout N. India & Pakistan

  • uses harmonium & tabla
  • involves singing of Persian poetry
31
Q

When did India gain independence?

A

1947

32
Q

Aryans

A

relating to or denoting a people speaking an Indo-European language who invaded northern India in the 2nd millennium BC, displacing the Dravidian and other aboriginal peoples.

33
Q

Jùjú

A

form of Nigerian popular music associated w/ the Yoruba people
- combines electric instruments w/ indigenous drums

34
Q

Chimurenga

A

word in the Shona language, roughly meaning “revolutionary struggle”

MUSI 103 (3 decks)

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