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MUSI 103 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Han Chinese

A

largest Chinese nationality

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2
Q

Qin

A

7-stringed zither

  • vibrato
  • portmento
  • harmonics
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3
Q

Pipa

A

4-stringed lute

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4
Q

Wen

A
  • civic

- soft, nuance, subtelty

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5
Q

Wu

A
  • militaristic

- loud strumming, virtuosic

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6
Q

Jiangnan sizhu

A

style of traditional Chinese instrumental music from the Jiangnan region

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7
Q

Sheng

jingju theater

A

Male

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8
Q

Dan

jingju theater

A

Female

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9
Q

Jing

jingju theater

A

Painted face

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10
Q

Chou

jingju theater

A

Comic male

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11
Q

Wenchang

A

melodic ensemble

- civic

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12
Q

Wuchang

A

percussion ensemble

  • militaristic
    • character entrances/exits
    • sound effects
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13
Q

Confucianism

A

system of philosophical & ethical teachings

Confucius sought for peace & stability & hierarchy

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14
Q

Qing Dynasty

A

1644 - 1911/12

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15
Q

Republic of China

A

1912 - 1949

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16
Q

Kuomintang

A

Nationalist party

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17
Q

People’s Republic of China

A

1949 - present

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18
Q

Cultural Revolution

A

1966-1976

  1. support art that supported communism
  2. suppressing art/cultural practices/jobs
    • banned a lot of Western-influenced music/movies as well as traditional Chinese music/Jingju theater
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19
Q

Marxism

A

Marxists believe that the transition from capitalism to socialism is an inevitable part of the development of human society

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20
Q

Songs for the masses

A

Chinese communist political songs

  • designed for everyone to sings along
  • Cultural Revolution
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21
Q

Underground rock music

A
  • cassettes helped it spread

- Cui Jian

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22
Q

Shanghai popular song

A
  • produced since the late 20s
  • hybrid of various Western & Chinese musical genres
  • lyrics in Mandarin
23
Q

Rake ‘n’ Scrape

A
  • Bahamas
  • old carpenter’s saw
  • accordion
  • goombey drum
  • quadrille dancing
  • Cat Island
  • Festival
  • Ancient Man
24
Q

Transnational connections (Localism & Transnationalism)

A

meanings & sounds similar to other kinds of Caribbean music
- Festival

25
Q

Diaspora

A
  • the sum total of people who identify w/ a particular homeland, but live elsewhere
  • social group is removed from its homeland & scattered around the world
26
Q

Colonialism

A

long lasting influences

27
Q

Syncretism

A
  • the process of combining distinct cultural practices to create new cultural practices
  • reflected in all styles of Caribbean music
28
Q

Clave

A
  • ostinato
  • instrument (2 short pieces of wood)
  • rhythmic system
29
Q

Conga

A
  • large barrel-shaped drum

- invented in Cuba

30
Q

Bongo

A
  • 2 smaller drums
  • invented in Cuba
  • Santería
    • Afro-Cuban religious cult (incorporated some elements of Christianity
31
Q

Calypso

A
  • Trinidad and Tobago
  • steel pan
  • Carnival (last big celebration before Lent)
  • social/political commentary
  • playful competition
    • picong (light comical banter) /extempo (lyrically
      improvised form of Calypso)
32
Q

Rumba

A

Spanish and African elements; originates in Cuba

  • Carnival
  • clave
  • conga
  • shaker
  • syncopation
  • palitos (Puerto Rican instrument: 2 wooden sticks)
    - interlocking w/ conga
33
Q

Danzón

A
  • mid 19th century
  • much more European sound
  • hyper-sexualized
  • violins
  • flute
  • piano
  • timbales (percussion)
34
Q

Son

A
  • combination of both Rumba & Danzón
  • string instruments
    • guitar, bass, tres (guitar-like instrument of Cuba)
  • percussion
    • bongo, clave, maracas
  • marímbula (plucked musical box)
35
Q

Canto/Montuno

A
  • the two main sections of the rumba
  • narrative and call and response with chorus/percussion, respectively
  • The second section cues the start of the male/female dance and the improve occurs
36
Q

Rhythmic patterns & cultural connections

A

aka Clave

SOME EXAMPLES:

  • Tresillo (1,4,7)
  • Cinquillo
  • Habanera
  • Son clave
37
Q

Discourse

A

the sum total of ideas, connotations, and vocabulary that a social group associates w/ a person, place, or thing.

  • like its reputation
  • neither true or false
  • certain individuals & institutions have more power than others to shape discourses become more prevalent, and thus more powerful, than others
38
Q

Middle East history

A

3rd - 7th c. CE - Byzantine & Persian Empires
8th ~ 13th c. - Islamic Empire (musicians travelled freely)
1574 - Ottoman Empire
29th c. - European Colonialism
- 20th c - Independence Movements

39
Q

Middle Eastern Languages

A

Algeria, Egypt, Iraq - Arabic
Iran - Farsi
Turkey - Turkish
Afghanistan - Dari & Pashto

40
Q

Middle Eastern Sound

A
  • monophonic texture
  • emphasis on solo vocal performance
  • value on improvisation
  • ornamentation
41
Q

Takht Ensemble

A
  • representative musical ensemble, the orchestra, of Middle Eastern music
42
Q

Middle Eastern Instruments

A
  • qanun (pluked zither)
  • - oud (lute/mandolin)*
  • nāy (flute-like)
  • darbūka & doumbek (goblet-shaped drums)
  • riqq (tambourine-like)
43
Q

Music & Religion

A
  • Qur’anic recitation (Tajwid)

- trancers are understood as possessing a special ability to communicate w/ the divine and are held in particular esteem

44
Q

Music & Spirit Possession

A
  • used to induce a healing trance that remedies psychological and physiological symptoms associated w/ afflictions by spirits
  • produce trance to alleviate the sufferings of the spirits
  • patient temp. gives up his body to the spirit so that the spirit can enjoy the sound of the song
  • bringing back into balance the relationship btwn the world of humans and a population of unseen beings that coexist w/in it
45
Q

Melodic Modes

A

named musical scales that have conventions for how the pitches are used in performance; may be associated w/ particular moods or extramusical associations
- Rast: dignity, pride; religious songs; most common

46
Q

Rhythmic Modes

A
  • named rhythmic patterns played in repeated cycles
  • defined by their relationship btwn low & high drum strokes
  • not every piece will have one
47
Q

Maqam

A

melodic mode in Eastern Arab world

48
Q

Dastgah

A

melodic mode in Persia/Iran

49
Q

Umm Kulthum & Tarab

A
  • very popular Egyptian singer

- heightened state of emotion or musical enchantment associated to listening to traditional Arab music

50
Q

Sufism

A

mystical Islamic belief and practice in which Muslims seek to find the truth of divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience of God

51
Q

Amazigh/Berber

A

one of the two social groups in Morocco

52
Q

Jama el Fna

A

Square in Morocco

53
Q

Instruments of Morocco

A
  • rribab - bowed instrument
  • derbuga/darabukka - goblet drum
  • bango-mandolin
54
Q

Arab Spring

A

revolutionary wave of both violent and non-violent demonstrations, protests, riots, coups and civil wars in North Africa and the Middle East

MUSI 103 (3 decks)

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