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Psyc101 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of Freud’s defense mechanisms

A

conflict in the id, superego, and ego results in anxiety. Mechanisms reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

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2
Q

what are Freud’s defense mechanisms

A

repression, regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement, sublimation

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3
Q

what is the id

A

instincts. the id wants immediate gratification, it operates in the unconscious and attempts to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives

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4
Q

what is the super ego

A

our internalized set of ideals, its the voice of our conscience, judging our actions and producing feelings of pride or guilt

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5
Q

what is ego

A

deals with demands of reality

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6
Q

What are the components of Freud’s psychoanalytic view of personality?

A

childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality

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7
Q

What ideas did Freud’s followers most disagree with?

A

Freud followers didn’t agree with him on the idea of it all being about/based on sex and aggression

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8
Q

what are humanistic theories

A

They stress a persons capacity for personal growth, free will, and positive qualities.

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9
Q

What are the most widely accepted traits?

A

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, Neutrocism

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10
Q

How are traits measured?

A

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) and results are interpreted by a trained psychologist and intended to diagnose

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11
Q

MMPI

A

it was originally intended to identify disorders but is now often used to asses personality traits, screen job candidates, etc.

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12
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

our tendency to underestimate the situational influences on the behaviors of others
(when someone driving cuts us off, we tend to call them an idiot without knowing whats going on with them)

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13
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

discomfort is caused by two dissonant thoughts

‘end of world’ group thot world would end 12/12/1954 but when it didn’t they then believed they had saved the world

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14
Q

bystander effect

A

individuals are less likely to help in an emergency when others are present

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15
Q

social facilitation

A

is the tendency for people to perform differently when in the presence of others than when alone. in the presence of others we do better on simple tasks but worse on complex or new things)

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16
Q

social loafing

A

is the phenomenon of a person exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when they work alone

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17
Q

deindividuation

A

psychological state in which a person has a reduced sense of individuality and personal responsibility, due to the anonymity of being in a group of people

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18
Q

group polarization

A

tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the original thoughts of its members.

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19
Q

difference between prejudice and discrimination

A

prejudice is belief and attitude while discrimination is action and behavior

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20
Q

What factors influence the likelihood that someone will help another person?

A

if they see an example of helping, victim needs or ‘deserves’ help, victim is similar to us or attractive, feel guilty, or if person is in a good mood

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21
Q

what is altruism

A

it is selflessness, the principle or practice of concern for the welfare of others.

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22
Q

foot in the door phenomenon

A

when a small request is initially made in order to get a person to later agree to a bigger request. (Example would be friend asks to borrow small amount of money, then later asks for a large amount.)

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23
Q

how can one define a psychological disorder

A

condition in which behavior is judged

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24
Q

How does the biopsychosocial model enrich our understanding of disorders?

A

assumes that biological, sociocultural, and psychological factors interact to produce psychological disorders

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25
Q

anxiety disorder

A

distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

26
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal (considered to have this if anxiety persists for 6months or longer and often occurs alongside depression)

27
Q

panic disorder

A

recurrent, sudden onset of intense terror that often has no warning. symptoms are similar to feeling of a heart attack

28
Q

OCD

A

unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)

29
Q

mood disorders

A

marked by distinctive lack of pleasure in life

30
Q

major depressive disorder

A

for no apparent reason, person experiences 2+ weeks depressed moods, feeling of worthlessness, and diminished pleasure. Daily functioning is impaired.

31
Q

what causes mood disorders and how do they develop

A

genetic influences, brain structure (smaller frontal lobes or damage to an area in the brain), brain chemistry (many depressed ppl have low lvls of neurotransmitter), negative events

32
Q

how is schizophrenia diagnosed

A

individuals must have 2+ symptoms including: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized/inappropriate behaviors, and absence of normal behaviors or emotional responses

33
Q

what are the types of schizophrenia

A

paranoid, catatonic, disorganized

34
Q

biological influences of schizophrenia

A
  1. brain structure- abnormalities in structure/activity lvls of some areas of brain like frontal lobe of cortex and thalamus
35
Q

psychotherapy

A

emotionally charged interation

36
Q

psychodynamic therapy

A

tries to help ppl identify recurring themes or conflicts in relationships from childhood to adult years. it is briefer, more directed, and less focused on the id, sex, and aggression. More focused on ego

37
Q

what does Humanistic therapy emphasize

A

emphasizes conscious thought, the present, self- healing capacities, and emphasis on psychological growth

38
Q

Goals of humanistic therapy

A

encourage ppl to understand themselves and promote personal growth

39
Q

Behavior therapy

A

emphasizes learning principles utilized for elimination of unwanted thoughts and is symptom oriented

40
Q

counterconditioning

A

conditioning new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors (based on classical cond.)

41
Q

what techniques does behavior therapy use

A

classical conditioning techniques like counter conditioning and systematic desensatization, adversive conditioning, and operant conditioning techniques like flooding

42
Q

what is emphasis on cognitive therapies

A

thoughts occur between events and emtions

43
Q

goals of cognitive therapies

A

cognitive restructuring (change the way you think)

44
Q

psychopharmacology

A

study of effects of drugs on mind and behavior

45
Q

anti psychotic drugs or ‘major tranquilizers’

A

block dopamine and have tons of side effects. 2/3 ppl stop taking b/c of side effects. ex: thorazine

46
Q

anti-anxiety drugs

A

used to treat panic disorder and generalized anxiety. Ex :xanax or ativan

47
Q

psychoanalysis

A

attempts to help ppl gain insight into unconcious origins of their disorder

48
Q

anti depressants

A

generally increases serotonin lvl. Ex; prozac, zoloft

49
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (shock therapy)

A

for severely depressed ppl.

50
Q

what is psychosurgery

A

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in effort to change behavior. Ex: lobotomy

51
Q

repression

A

push unaccepted impulses out of awareness

52
Q

regression

A

revert to behavior from earlier stage

53
Q

reaction formation

A

switch unacceptable impulses into their opposites

54
Q

projection

A

disguise your own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

55
Q

rationalization

A

offers self justifying explanations in place of the real reason for one’s actions

56
Q

displacement

A

shifts sexual aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable object/person

57
Q

sublimation

A

transform unwanted impulses into something acceptable

58
Q

openness

A

tolerance for new ideas and ways of doing things

59
Q

concentiousness

A

tendency to show self discipline. planned rather than spontaneous behavior

60
Q

extraversion

A

preference for social interaction and high activity level

61
Q

agreeableness

A

orientation toward compassion and caring for others

62
Q

neutrocism

A

tendency toward negative emotionality and emotional instability

Psyc101 (3 decks)

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