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Psyc101 > 1 Exam > Flashcards

1 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Behaviorism

A

View that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

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2
Q

What is a theory

A

Theory is an explanation that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

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3
Q

What is descriptive research

A

Descriptive research is when you observe and record behavior. Could be using surveys and interviews, case studies, naturalistic observation.

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4
Q

Experimental research

A

To determine causation. Could be random sampling and assignment

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5
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Covers axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses

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6
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive messages from other cells

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7
Q

Axon

A

Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands

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8
Q

Terminal branches of axon

A

Form junctions with other cells

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9
Q

Resting potential

A

Stable,negative charge of an inactive neuron

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10
Q

Myelin

A

Insulating layer composed of glial cells

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11
Q

Neurotransmitters:

Seratonin

A

Regulation of sleep, mood, attention, learning.

Depression happens when there is a decrease serotonin lvl

Prozac will increase serotonin, but also affects other things

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12
Q

neurotransmitters:
-dopamine:
what is it?
what increases dopamine levels?
what disease comes with increased dopamine lvls?
what disease comes with decreased dopamine lvls?

A

dopamine is the mechanism for reward in the brain. stimulant drugs will increase dopamine.
increased dopamine levels cause schizophrenia while decreased lvls cause parkinsons

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13
Q 
neurotransmitters
-Acetycholine:
what does it affect?
what disease occurs with lowered lvls?
what increases Acetyl.?
A

affects the muscle actions, learning, and memory.
Alzheimer occurs with low lvls.
nicotine increases Acetyl. lvls.

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14
Q

Neurotransmitters:
-GABA:
what is it and what does it do?

A

GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter. It is the brains break pedal and keeps you calm and relaxed. With low lvls anxiety can occur.

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15
Q

what is lesioning

A

destruction of neural material. can be naturally occuring or induced

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16
Q

parietal lobe

A

sensory input for touch and body position

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17
Q

occipital lobe

A

sensory input for vision

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18
Q

cerebellum

A

coordinates movement and balance and processes some sensory input

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19
Q

pons

A

relays messages between cerebellum and cortex to help coordinate movement

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20
Q

medulla

A

controls breathing, heartbeat, and other vital functions

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21
Q

temporal lobe

A

sensory input for hearing

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22
Q

thalmus

A

relays sensory images to cortex and replies to cerebellum and medulla. (located in forebrain)

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23
Q

hindbrain

A

controls most bodily functions and contains the cerebellum (fine motor)

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24
Q

forebrain

A

houses the limbic system which is involved in memory, emotion, and motivational drives.
It contains the cerebral cortex which houses all the lobes

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25
Q

mid brain

A

reticular formation. stereotyped behavior, like how walking is automatic. selective attention

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26
Q

Amygalda

A

emotional awareness and expression. Also may be the aggression center

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27
Q

hippocampus

A

in forebrain. its involved in formation and storage of memories

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28
Q

Frontal lobe

A

personality, intelligence, voluntary muscles, motor control

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29
Q

somatasensory cortex

A

located in the parietal lobe. it processes info on about body sensations

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30
Q

motor cortex

A

located in frontal lobe, process info about voluntary movements

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31
Q

what 2 factors determine how well a person will recover from brain surgery?

A

age of the individual and extent of the damage

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32
Q

piaget: sensorimotor stage

A

experiencing the world through senses and actions

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33
Q

(Piaget) preoperational stage

A

representing things with words and images, using intuition rather than logical reasoning

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34
Q

(Piaget) concrete operational stage

A

thinking logically about concrete events

35
Q

(Piaget) formal operational stage

A

abstract reasoning to consider logical form of the problem rather than concrete aspects

36
Q

what are schemas

A

mental structures that help us catagorize and interpret our experiences. we create new schemas and change old ones using assimilation and accomodation

37
Q

Eriksons stages of development:

Trust vs mistrust

A

1st, if needs are dependably met then infants develop a sense of basic trust

38
Q

Erkisons:

Autonomy vs shame and doubt

A

2nd, toddlers learn to exercise their will and do things for themselves or they doubt their abilities

39
Q

Erikson:

initiative vs guilt

A

3rd, preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent

40
Q

Erikson:

competence vs inferiority

A

4th, kids learn pleasure of mastering tasks or they feel inferior

41
Q

Erikson:

identity vs role confusion

A

5th,teens develop sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity or they will become confused about who they are

42
Q

Erikson:

Intimacy vs isolation

A

6th, young adults struggle to form close relationships and gain teh capacity for intimate love, or theyll feel socially isolated

43
Q

corpus callosum

A

large bundle of axons that connects the two hemispheres of the brain

44
Q

right hemi

A

spatial perception, visual recognition, emotion

45
Q

left hemi

A

verbal processing, speech, grammar

46
Q

biological rythms

A

rythms controlled by biological clocks like sleep and hunger. we have a 24hr cycle

47
Q

what desyncrinizes our biological clocks.

A

jet lag, work shifts, insomnia

48
Q

what resets our biological clocks?

A

bright light, melatonin

49
Q

what happens when someone has chronic sleep deprivation?

A

decreased alertness and cognitive performance, inability to sustain attention, problems with decsion making

50
Q

what are the reflexes babies must learn

A

grasping, rooting/sucking, stepping, startle/moro

51
Q

habituation

A

decrease in responding to stimulus after repeated (they get bored)

52
Q

why was piaget critized for his stages of developmetn

A

he put too much emphasis on discrete stages and ignored individual differences

53
Q

secure attachments

A

60% of infants, play comfy with moms around and explores environment, but upset when she leaves. seek contact on return of mom

54
Q

Insecure attachments

A

you see anxiety and avoidant behavior

55
Q

Moral development: Preconventional

A

punishments and rewards

56
Q

Moral development: conventional

A

standards learned from parents and society

57
Q

Moral development: Post conventional

A

standards of society and abstract principles (personal moral code)

58
Q

where do gender differences come from

A

Hippocampus, amygdala, volume of grey vs white matter in brain.

59
Q

what are males better at then females and vise versa

A

males are better with spatial learning while females are better with language

60
Q

androgyny

A

adapt both female and male characterstics

61
Q

gender fluidity

A

gender neutral (can be boy or girl, think ruby rose)

62
Q

what is visible light

A

electromagnetic energy that travels as waves of varying lengths and amplitudes. the properties of the waves determines how we will perceive the light.

63
Q

wavelengths

A

what color we see

64
Q

amplitude

A

how bright it appears

65
Q

how does the wavelength work?

A

enters eye through cornia delivering the info to to central nervous system

66
Q

what are the 4 tasks the auditory system performs?

A
  1. pick up stimulus energy around us
  2. change energy into pattern of neural responses
  3. carry those impuses to proper places in brain
  4. process the info`
67
Q

what does the outer ear contain

A

pinna, ear canal, and eardrum

68
Q

middle ear

A

contains smallest bones in body, the hammer, anvil, and stirrup

69
Q

inner ear

A

cochlea and semicircular canals which contain vestibular system

70
Q

what is a soundwave

A

alternating regions of high and low pressure

71
Q

what is frequency

A

when different objects vibrate at different times.

72
Q

pitch

A

difference we hear. what our brain perceives

73
Q

what is the cochlea

A

bony spiral filed with fluid. has 2 fluid filled chambers seperated by basilar membrane.

74
Q

basilar membrane

A

it is covered by hair cells/receptors that convert soundwave into neural impulses

75
Q

transduction

A

transforming physical energy inot electrochemical energy

76
Q

what is perception

A

organizing and interpreting sensory info

77
Q

sensory adaptation

A

reduced sensitivity in response to constant stimulation

78
Q

perceptual set:

A

mental predisposition to percieve one thing rather than another

79
Q

what are cones for

A

respond to color

80
Q

rods

A

work best for darkness

81
Q

what bends incoming light

A

cornea and lens

82
Q

trichromatic color theory

A

3 types of color receptors; red, green, and blue

83
Q

opponent process color theory

A

process that can handle colors in opponent pairs like red and green

Psyc101 (3 decks)

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