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Psyc101 > 1 Exam > Flashcards

1 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Behaviorism

A

View that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

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2
Q

What is a theory

A

Theory is an explanation that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

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3
Q

What is descriptive research

A

Descriptive research is when you observe and record behavior. Could be using surveys and interviews, case studies, naturalistic observation.

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4
Q

Experimental research

A

To determine causation. Could be random sampling and assignment

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5
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Covers axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses

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6
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive messages from other cells

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7
Q

Axon

A

Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands

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8
Q

Terminal branches of axon

A

Form junctions with other cells

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9
Q

Resting potential

A

Stable,negative charge of an inactive neuron

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10
Q

Myelin

A

Insulating layer composed of glial cells

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11
Q

Neurotransmitters:

Seratonin

A

Regulation of sleep, mood, attention, learning.

Depression happens when there is a decrease serotonin lvl

Prozac will increase serotonin, but also affects other things

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12
Q

neurotransmitters:
-dopamine:
what is it?
what increases dopamine levels?
what disease comes with increased dopamine lvls?
what disease comes with decreased dopamine lvls?

A

dopamine is the mechanism for reward in the brain. stimulant drugs will increase dopamine.
increased dopamine levels cause schizophrenia while decreased lvls cause parkinsons

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13
Q 
neurotransmitters
-Acetycholine:
what does it affect?
what disease occurs with lowered lvls?
what increases Acetyl.?
A

affects the muscle actions, learning, and memory.
Alzheimer occurs with low lvls.
nicotine increases Acetyl. lvls.

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14
Q

Neurotransmitters:
-GABA:
what is it and what does it do?

A

GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter. It is the brains break pedal and keeps you calm and relaxed. With low lvls anxiety can occur.

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15
Q

what is lesioning

A

destruction of neural material. can be naturally occuring or induced

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16
Q

parietal lobe

A

sensory input for touch and body position

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17
Q

occipital lobe

A

sensory input for vision

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18
Q

cerebellum

A

coordinates movement and balance and processes some sensory input

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19
Q

pons

A

relays messages between cerebellum and cortex to help coordinate movement

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20
Q

medulla

A

controls breathing, heartbeat, and other vital functions

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21
Q

temporal lobe

A

sensory input for hearing

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22
Q

thalmus

A

relays sensory images to cortex and replies to cerebellum and medulla. (located in forebrain)

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23
Q

hindbrain

A

controls most bodily functions and contains the cerebellum (fine motor)

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24
Q

forebrain

A

houses the limbic system which is involved in memory, emotion, and motivational drives.
It contains the cerebral cortex which houses all the lobes

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25
mid brain
reticular formation. stereotyped behavior, like how walking is automatic. selective attention
26
Amygalda
emotional awareness and expression. Also may be the aggression center
27
hippocampus
in forebrain. its involved in formation and storage of memories
28
Frontal lobe
personality, intelligence, voluntary muscles, motor control
29
somatasensory cortex
located in the parietal lobe. it processes info on about body sensations
30
motor cortex
located in frontal lobe, process info about voluntary movements
31
what 2 factors determine how well a person will recover from brain surgery?
age of the individual and extent of the damage
32
piaget: sensorimotor stage
experiencing the world through senses and actions
33
(Piaget) preoperational stage
representing things with words and images, using intuition rather than logical reasoning
34
(Piaget) concrete operational stage
thinking logically about concrete events
35
(Piaget) formal operational stage
abstract reasoning to consider logical form of the problem rather than concrete aspects
36
what are schemas
mental structures that help us catagorize and interpret our experiences. we create new schemas and change old ones using assimilation and accomodation
37
Eriksons stages of development: | Trust vs mistrust
1st, if needs are dependably met then infants develop a sense of basic trust
38
Erkisons: | Autonomy vs shame and doubt
2nd, toddlers learn to exercise their will and do things for themselves or they doubt their abilities
39
Erikson: | initiative vs guilt
3rd, preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent
40
Erikson: | competence vs inferiority
4th, kids learn pleasure of mastering tasks or they feel inferior
41
Erikson: | identity vs role confusion
5th,teens develop sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity or they will become confused about who they are
42
Erikson: | Intimacy vs isolation
6th, young adults struggle to form close relationships and gain teh capacity for intimate love, or theyll feel socially isolated
43
corpus callosum
large bundle of axons that connects the two hemispheres of the brain
44
right hemi
spatial perception, visual recognition, emotion
45
left hemi
verbal processing, speech, grammar
46
biological rythms
rythms controlled by biological clocks like sleep and hunger. we have a 24hr cycle
47
what desyncrinizes our biological clocks.
jet lag, work shifts, insomnia
48
what resets our biological clocks?
bright light, melatonin
49
what happens when someone has chronic sleep deprivation?
decreased alertness and cognitive performance, inability to sustain attention, problems with decsion making
50
what are the reflexes babies must learn
grasping, rooting/sucking, stepping, startle/moro
51
habituation
decrease in responding to stimulus after repeated (they get bored)
52
why was piaget critized for his stages of developmetn
he put too much emphasis on discrete stages and ignored individual differences
53
secure attachments
60% of infants, play comfy with moms around and explores environment, but upset when she leaves. seek contact on return of mom
54
Insecure attachments
you see anxiety and avoidant behavior
55
Moral development: Preconventional
punishments and rewards
56
Moral development: conventional
standards learned from parents and society
57
Moral development: Post conventional
standards of society and abstract principles (personal moral code)
58
where do gender differences come from
Hippocampus, amygdala, volume of grey vs white matter in brain.
59
what are males better at then females and vise versa
males are better with spatial learning while females are better with language
60
androgyny
adapt both female and male characterstics
61
gender fluidity
gender neutral (can be boy or girl, think ruby rose)
62
what is visible light
electromagnetic energy that travels as waves of varying lengths and amplitudes. the properties of the waves determines how we will perceive the light.
63
wavelengths
what color we see
64
amplitude
how bright it appears
65
how does the wavelength work?
enters eye through cornia delivering the info to to central nervous system
66
what are the 4 tasks the auditory system performs?
1. pick up stimulus energy around us 2. change energy into pattern of neural responses 3. carry those impuses to proper places in brain 4. process the info`
67
what does the outer ear contain
pinna, ear canal, and eardrum
68
middle ear
contains smallest bones in body, the hammer, anvil, and stirrup
69
inner ear
cochlea and semicircular canals which contain vestibular system
70
what is a soundwave
alternating regions of high and low pressure
71
what is frequency
when different objects vibrate at different times.
72
pitch
difference we hear. what our brain perceives
73
what is the cochlea
bony spiral filed with fluid. has 2 fluid filled chambers seperated by basilar membrane.
74
basilar membrane
it is covered by hair cells/receptors that convert soundwave into neural impulses
75
transduction
transforming physical energy inot electrochemical energy
76
what is perception
organizing and interpreting sensory info
77
sensory adaptation
reduced sensitivity in response to constant stimulation
78
perceptual set:
mental predisposition to percieve one thing rather than another
79
what are cones for
respond to color
80
rods
work best for darkness
81
what bends incoming light
cornea and lens
82
trichromatic color theory
3 types of color receptors; red, green, and blue
83
opponent process color theory
process that can handle colors in opponent pairs like red and green

Psyc101 (3 decks)

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