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Cas 301 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Attrition/ mortality

A

The loss of subjects who decide to leave an experiment

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2
Q

Carryover effect

A

A problem that may occur in repeated measures designs if the effects of one treatment are still present when the next treatment is given

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3
Q

Confounding variable

A

A variable that is not controlled in a research investigation. In an experiment, the experimental groups differ on both the IV and the confounding variable

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4
Q

Counterbalancing

A

A method of controlling for order effects in a repeated measures designed by either including all orders of treatment presentation or randomly determining the order for each subject

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5
Q

Fatigue effect

A

Deterioration in participant Performance with repeated testing

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6
Q

Internal Validity

A

The certainty with which results of an experiment can be attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable rather than to some other confounding variable

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7
Q

Latin square

A

A technique to control for order effects without having all possible orders

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8
Q

Order effect

A

In a repeated measures design the effect that the order of introducing treatment have on the dependent variable

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9
Q

Practice Effect

A

Improvement in participant performance with repeated testing

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10
Q

Selection differences

A

Differences in the types of subjects who make up each group in an experimental design; this situation occurs when participants select which group they are to be assigned to

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11
Q

Solomon four group design

A

Experimental design in which the experimental and control groups are studied with and without a pretest

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12
Q

Confederate

A

A person posing as a participants in an experiment who is actually part of the experiment

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13
Q

Demand characteristics

A

Cues that inform the subject how he or she is expected to behave

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14
Q

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

A measure of the electrical activity of the brain

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15
Q

Electromyogram (EMG)

A

A measure of the electrical activity of muscles including muscle tension

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16
Q

Expectancy effect(experimenter bias)

A

Any intentional or unintentional influence that the experimenter exerts on subjects to confirm the hypothesis under investigation

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17
Q

Filler items

A

Items included in a questionnaire measured to help disguise the true purpose of the measure

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18
Q

Functional MRI

A

Magnetic resonance Imaging uses a magnet to obtain scans of structures of the brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging provides information on the amount of activity in different brain structures

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19
Q

Galvanic skin response

A

The electrical conductance of the skin which changes when sweating occurs

20
Q

Factorial design

A

Design in which all levels of each independent variable are combined with all levels of the other independent variables. A factorial design allows investigation of the separate main effects and interactions of two or more independent variables

21
Q

IV x PV design

A

A factorial design that includes both an experimental independent variable and a non-experimental participant variable

22
Q

Main effect

A

The direct effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable

23
Q

Mixed factorial design

A

A design that includes both independent groups and repeated measures

24
Q

Simple effects

A

In a factorial design, the effect of one independent variable at a particular level of another independent variable

25
Q

Baseline

A

In a single case design, the subjects behavior during a control period before introduction of the experimental manipulation

26
Q

Cohort

A

A group of people born at about the same time and exposed to the same societal events; cohort effects are confounded with age in a cross-sectional study

27
Q

Cross-sectional method

A

A developmental research method in which persons of different ages are studied at only one point in time; conceptually similar to an independent groups design

28
Q

History effects

A

As a threat to the internal validity of an experiment, refers to any outside event that is not part of the manipulation that could be responsible for the results

29
Q

Instrument decay

A

As a threat to internal validity, the possibility that a change in the characteristics of a measurement instruments, including human observers, is responsible for the results

30
Q

Interrupted time series design

A

A design in which the effectiveness of a treatment is determined by examining a series of measurements made over an extended time. Both before and after the treatment is introduced. The treatment is not Introduced at a random point in time

31
Q

Longitudinal method

A

Developmental research method in which the same persons are observed repeatedly as they grow older; conceptually some words are repeated measures design

32
Q

Maturation affects

A

As a threat to internal validity, the possibility that any naturally occurring change within the individual is responsible for the results

33
Q

Multiple baseline design

A

Observing behavior before and after a manipulation under multiple circumstances (across different individuals, different behaviors, or different settings)

34
Q

Non equivalent control group design

A

A quasi Experimental design in which nonequivalent groups of subjects participate in the different experimental groups and there is no pretest

35
Q

None equivalence control group pretest post test design

A

A quasi Experimental design in which nonequivalence groups are used but a pretest allows assessment of equivalency and pretest post test changes

36
Q

One group posttest only design

A

A quasi Experimental design that has no control group and no pre-test comparison; a very poor design in terms of internal validity

37
Q

One group pretest post test design

A

A quasi experimental Design in which the effect of an independent variable is inferred from the pretest post test difference in a single group

38
Q

Propensity score matching

A

A method of pairing individuals for assignment to treatment and control condition based upon a combination of scores on participants variables

39
Q

Quasi experimental design

A

A type of design that approximates the control features of true experiments to infer that a given treatment did have it intended effect

40
Q

Regression toward the mean

A

Also called statistical regression; principle that extreme scores on a variable tend to be closer to the mean when a second measurement is made

41
Q

Reversal design

A

Are you single case design in which the dream is introduced after a baseline Period and then withdrawn during a second baseline period. It may Be extended by adding a second introduction of the treatment. Sometimes called a withdrawal design

42
Q

Selection differences

A

Differences in the types of subjects for make up each group in an experiment for design; this situation occurs when participants elect which group they are to be assigned to

43
Q

Sequential method

A

A combination of the cross-sectional and longitudinal design to study developmental research questions

44
Q

Single case experimental design

A

An experiment in which the effects of the independent variable is assessed using data from a single participant

45
Q

Testing effects

A

A threat to internal validity in the witch taking a pretest changes behavior without any effect on the independent variable

Cas 301 (3 decks)

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