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Exercise Physiology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The pathways of the components of the ventilator system

A

Ambient air enters the _______; Mouth; ____________(and adjusts to body temperature, Filtered, and humidified); Two Bronchi; ________________; Alveoli(alveolar ducts, alveolar sac, alveolar pores)

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2
Q

T/F

Alveoli have more than 600 million alveoli

A

True

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3
Q

Alveoli provide the surface for _____ exchange between lung tissue and ________

A

Gas

Blood

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4
Q

During inspiration the diaphragm ____________

A

Descends

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5
Q

During inspiration the ribs ______

A

Rise

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6
Q

During _______________ the diaphragm moves upward

A

Expiration

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7
Q

T/F

During expiration the ribs lower

A

True

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8
Q

Conducting zone

A

Trachea and terminal bronchioles; No alveoli= anatomical dead space

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9
Q

Transitional and respiratory zones

A

Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli; Contains the largest portion of total lung volume 2.5-3L

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10
Q

Ficks law of diffusion:
Governs gas _______________ across a fluid membrane
- _____ diffuses through a sheet of tissue at a rate:
1. ______________ proportional to tissue area, a ____________ constant,and pressure differential of the gas on each side of the membrane
2. Inversely proportional to __________ thickness

A

Diffusion
Gas
Directly; diffusion
Tissue

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11
Q

“Wetting agent” lipoprotein mixture of proteins, phospholipids, and calcium ions produced by alveolar epithelial cells(to reduce surface tension)

A

The Surfactant

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12
Q

T/F

W/o surfactant, small alveoli would collapse from high collapsing pressures

A

True

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13
Q

Tidal volume: air moved during the _______________ or expiratory phase of each breathing cycle(0.4-1.0L)

A

Inspiratory

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14
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume: Inspiring as deeply as possible following a normal inspiration(2.5-___L above tidal air)

A

3.5

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15
Q

Expiratory reserve volume: after a normal exhalation, continuing to ________ and forcing as much air as possible from the lungs(1.0-1.5L)

A

Exhale

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16
Q

Forced vital capacity: total volume of _____ voluntarily moved in one maximal breath; it includes TV plus IRV and ERV(4-5L in young ______) and (3 to ___L in young women)

A

Air
Men
4

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17
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation two views:

  1. Volume of air moved into or out of the ______________ tract each minute
  2. Air volume that __________ only alveolar chambers each minute
A

Respiratory

Ventilates

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18
Q

T/F
Women have a reduced lung size and airway diameter, a smaller diffusion surface, and lower static and dynamic lung function measures

A

True

19
Q

Minute ventilation

A

the volume of air breathed each minute

V_e=breathing rate* Tidal volume

20
Q

Portion of inspired air reaching the alveoli and participating in gas exchange

A

Alveolar ventilation

21
Q

anatomic dead space: air in each ________ that does not enter _________ and participate in gaseous exchange with blood

A

Breath

Alveoli

22
Q

Physiological dead space: the portion of the alveolar __________ with a ventilation-perfusion ratio that approaches zero

A

Volume

23
Q

Ventilation perfusion ratio: the ratio of alveolar ventilation to ______________ blood flow

  • 4.2L of air ventilates alveoli each min at rest, while 5L of blood flows through capillary
    • 4.2/5=0.84
A

Pulmonary

24
Q

In _______ exercise, V-P ratio remains ~0.8

A

Light

25
Q

In intense exercise V-P ratio=____L

A

5.0

26
Q

Variations of normal breathing patterns

A

Hyperventilating
Dyspnea
Vasalva Maneuver

27
Q

Closing glottis following a full inspiration while maximally activating expiratory muscles, creating compressive forces that increase intrathoracic pressure above atmospheric pressure

A

Valsalva maneuver

28
Q

Concentrations of gases in ambient air
_______ N2
20.93%___
0.03% CO2

A

79.04%

O2

29
Q

Partial pressure: molecules of each specific gas in a ___________ of gases exert their own _________ pressure contributing to total atmospheric pressure

A

Mixture

Partial

30
Q

Partial pressure formula percentage concentration of a specific _____ / total pressure of gas mixture

A

Gas

31
Q

Henrys law: mass of a gas that __________ is a fluid at a given temperature varies in direct proportion to __________ of the gas over the liquid

A

Dissolves

Pressure

32
Q

Solubility

A

The dissolving power of a gas

33
Q

O2 leaves the blood and _________ toward the cells, while ____ flows from cells into blood
- Blood then passes into the _________ circuit for return to the heart and delivery into the ________

A

Diffuses
CO2
Venous
Lungs

34
Q

Oxygen transport in the blood:

  1. In __________ solution dissolved in the fluid portion of _______
  2. In loose combination with _______________, the iron-protein molecule within the ______ blood cell
A

Physical, Blood

Hemoglobin, red

35
Q

Each of the 4 iron atoms in _______________ molecule can loosely bind one __________ molecule:
Hb_4+4O_2 — Hb_4O_8

A

Hemoglobin

Oxygen

36
Q

Carbamino compounds are formed when _____ reacts directly with the _______ ______ molecules of blood proteins

A

CO2

Amino acid

37
Q

As plasma bicarbonate in tissue

A

CO2+H2O— H2CO3.

38
Q

Carbon dioxide transport in the blood

  1. In physical solution in plasma: ____
  2. Combines with ___________ within red blood cells:20%
  3. As plasma ________________: 75%(can range from 60-80%)
A

5%
Hemoglobin
Bicarbonate

39
Q

During ______ and moderate exercise, myoglobin maintains high _____ saturation

A

Rest

O2

40
Q

Myoglobin facilitates O2 transfer to mitochondria when exercise begins and during _________ exercise when intramuscular PO2 _________ dramatically

A

Intense

Declines

41
Q

O2 release from Hb can occur without any increase in local tissue blood flow

A

Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference

42
Q

Arteriovenous oxygen difference: the a-VO difference describes the __________ between oxygen content of arterial blood and mixed _________ blood

A

Difference

Venous

43
Q

The Bohr Effect: any increase in plasma acidity and ___________ causes the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to shift ____________ and to the right

A

Temperature

Downward

44
Q

Advantages of the oxyhemoglobin S-shaped dissociation curve

A

Higher temp greater dissociation of oxygen
Partial pressure
Higher acidity(lower #) wants dissociation w/ oxygen

Exercise Physiology (3 decks)

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