exam 3

Question 1

Camp David Accords

Answer 1

Carter invited the leaders of Egypt and Israel to U.S. and lead them to signing a peace treaty. This is significance because Egypt became the first middle eastern country to recognize Israel as a state.

Question 2

Andrew Young

Answer 2

He was a former lieutenant of MLK. Carter appointed his as ambassador of the United Nations. That was significant because it showed carter embracing the
aspirations of black americans

Question 3

Pentagon Papers

Answer 3

Informal name for the Defense Department’s secret history of the Vietnam conflict, leaked to the press and published in the New York Times. This is significant because it lead to even more criticism of the Vietnam War and the role the government played in building up the conflict and because it was the
first time a news paper article was not allowed to be published

Question 4

Detente

Answer 4

A term meaning the release of tension in response to conflict between the U.S. and the Soviets. This is significant because it improved relations between U.S. and the Soviets, gained trade increase and nuclear warfare decreased

Question 5

Neoconservatism

Answer 5

They were intellectuals that believed that Government social programs did more harm than good, for example, welfare. They argued against Carter’s focus on human rights, and blindness to the Soviet threat

Question 6

Great Society

Answer 6

President LBJ’s proposal for social policies similar to the New Deal. The Great Society was significant because it provided Medicaid and Medicare programs, and funded education. Differing from the New Deal, it was a reaction to prosperity, rather than Poverty.

Question 7

Dictatorship and double standards

Answer 7

Jeane Kirkpatrick, a neoconservative publisher, had his ideas embraced by Reagan. The idea that the US should oppose “totalitarian” communists but assist “authoritarian” non-communist regimes. After being appointed to American ambassador to United Nations, the US stepped up its alliances with Third World anticommunist dictatorships like Chile and South Africa

Question 8

Bay of Pigs

Answer 8

The invasion of Cuba ordered by JFK to try and dislodge the Castro regime. This was significant because it lead to Castro requesting additional Soviet military aid, eventually including missiles which sparked the Cuban Missile Crisis

Question 9

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Answer 9

Congress granted LBJ the ability to engage “all necessary measures to repel armed attack” in Vietnam. This is significant because it accelerated American involvement in the Vietnam War

Question 10

Mikhail Gorbachev

Answer 10

Soviet premier with policies of political openness and economic reform. He is significant because a series of talks with Reagan lead to an agreement to eliminate intermediate and short-range missiles in Europe, and hostilities diminished

Question 11

Betty Friedan

Answer 11

Wrote The Feminist Mystique and was a founding figure of the modern American feminist. She is significant because she is the leader/founder of the National Organization for Women

Question 12

Saturday night massacre

Answer 12

Nixon was asking many people to cover up the tapes of him talking in the White House. They wouldn’t, he fired them and this process repeated multiple times. This is significant because many people lost their job by refusing to cover up the presidents wrong doings in the Water Gate Scandal

Question 13

Daughters of Bilitis

Answer 13

An organization of lesbians as a social alternative to bars, which were subject to police harassment. This is significant because it is the first political and civil rights organization for lesbians

Question 14

Henry Kissinger

Answer 14

Secretary of State for Nixon. He was significant because he was a proponent of a more pragmatic international relations approach of Realpolitik and detente

Question 15

Tet Offensive

Answer 15

A massive defeat for the NVA and Viet Cong - a political/public relations victory. This is significant because it caused the public opinion to turn against Vietnam War

Question 16

AIM

Answer 16

Wanted to continue tribal practices and reclaim indigenous lands, occupied Alcatraz, Bureau of Indian Affairs, and took back Wounded Knee. This is significant because it claimed the right to negotiate treaties with the American government, and tried to establish Native American sovereignty

Question 17

Ngo Dinh Diem

Answer 17

Elected as the president of the Republic of Vietnam

Eventually assassinated, ending the US-Diem alliance.

Question 18

Barry Goldwater

Answer 18

Ran against LBJ in 1964. Wanted a reawakening of conservatism. This is significant because Republican party nominated someone from the “New Right” rather than the “modern Republican” wing

Question 19

Sandinistas

Answer 19

democratic socialist political party in Nicaragua. The Sandinista movement overthrew the American backed dictator Somoza. Carter suspended military aid after four American nuns were murdered by members of the country’s army. This is significant because it lead to Carter signing the SALT II agreement with Soviets that reduced the number of missiles, bombers, and nuclear warheads

Question 20

Grenada

Answer 20

Reagan in efforts to overturn the Vietnam Syndrome, he called a widespread public reluctance to commit American forces overseas, and sent out troops to the Caribbean island of Grenada to oust a pro-Cuban government. A minor operation like Grenada Reagan realized was the only kind the public were willing to support.

Question 21

Immigration act of 1965

Answer 21

abandoned the national-origins quota system of immigration, which had excluded Asians and had severely restricted southern and eastern Europeans. It established new, racially neutral criteria for immigration, notably family reunification and possession of skills in demand in the United States. Yet due to hostility of Mexican immigration, it established the first limit, 120,000, on newcomers from Western Hemisphere which in turn created the category of “illegal aliens.”

Question 22

Robin Morgan

Answer 22

Contributing editor at Ms. magazine and a close ally of Gloria Steinem. This is significant because she was a feminist and part of the antiwar movement in the 60’s

Question 23

Jerry Falwell

Answer 23

A Virginia minister who created the self-styled Moral Majority, devoted to waging a “War against sin” and electing “pro-life, pro-family, pro-America” candidates to office. Was a leading conservative activists of the 1970’s and 80’s. He helped mobilize evangelical Christians to ally with Republican Party.

Question 24

PATCO Strike

Answer 24

Air traffic controllers went on strike for better working conditions even though it is illegal for them to strike. Reagan fires them all, siding with big business. This is significant because it encouraged other industries follow by firing striking employees and hurt the relationship between big business and their employees

Question 25

NAFTA

Answer 25

North American Free Trade Agreement
a three - country accord negotiated by the governments of Canada, Mexico, and the United States designed to create a free trade zone

Question 26

Iranian Hostage Crisis

Answer 26

Iranian shah asks for medical attention for cancer after being thrown out of office by radicals. Radicals then take over the American Embassy and hold hostages for over a year. This was significant because it lead to a rapid fall in Carter’s popularity

Question 27

Howard Jarvis

Answer 27

Was a Republican primary candidate for the U.S. Senate in California in 1962, but the nomination and the election went to the moderate Republican Thomas Kuchel. He then ran several times for Mayor of Los Angeles on an anti-tax platform and gained a reputation as a harsh critic of government. An Orange County businessman, he went on to lead the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association and spearheaded Proposition 13, the California property tax-cutting initiative passed in 1978 which slashed property taxes by 57%.

Question 28

Cesar Chaves

Answer 28

Son of migrant farm workers and a disciple of King, led a series of nonviolent protests to pressure growers to agree to contracts with the United Farm Workers union. Significant because the boycott mobilized Latino communities in the Southwest and drew national attention to low wages and oppressive working conditions: growers agreed to contracts with the UFW

Question 29

keep pushing on

Answer 29

Song by “The Impressions”
Semi-Soul
Talks about the times in a politically conscious song

Question 30

oliver north

Answer 30

Lieutenant Colonel of the National Security Council. He is significant because he set up a system that diverted profits from the selling of arms to Iran and gave that money to the Contras. He was forced to resign because of it.

Question 31

spiro agnew

Answer 31

Vice President for Nixon during Watergate scandal. He is significant because he resigns over unrelated bribery, tax evasion, and money laundering allegations. His resignation was not good for Nixon during Watergate scandal

Question 32

Persian gulf war

Answer 32

Started when Iraq invaded and annexed Kuwait in 1990. Fearing that they would take over the U.S. major oil suppliers, Bush sent troops to defend Saudi Arabia. In 1991, The U.S. launched Operation Desert Storm, which drove Iraqi army from Kuwait. The United Nations demanded Iraq to disarm, but Hussain stayed in place, and so did American military bases in Saudi Arabia, which disturbed the Islamic fundamentalists who deemed its presence as an affront to their faith. Gulf War was the first post-Cold War international crisis, relying on high tech weaponry like cruise missiles. The U.S. as a result was able to prevail quickly unlike Vietnam. This also led to Bush’s public approval rating to 89%.

Question 33

comiskey park riot

Answer 33

A disco demolition occurred in that everyone brought their disco records to be burned at a Chicago White Sox game. This event was led by Steve Dahl, anti-disco enthusiast. This is significant because it showed the hate for disco that some people had and the event caused so much damage that the game could not be continued and the white sox had to forfeit

Question 34

stagflation

Answer 34

A combination of stagnant economic growth and high inflation during the 70’s. This is significant because it caused the most radical wage control cap of the time

Question 35

COINTELPRO

Answer 35

short for Counterintelligence Program—in 1956 to disrupt the activities of the Communist Party of the United States. In the 1960s, it was expanded to include a number of other domestic groups, such as the Ku Klux Klan, the Socialist Workers Party, and the Black Panther Party. All COINTELPRO operations were ended in 1971. Although limited in scope COINTELPRO was later rightfully criticized by Congress and the American people for abridging first amendment rights and for other reasons.

Question 36

neoliberalism

Answer 36

a return to classical liberalism, or an increased reliance on the private sector and scaling back of the responsibilities of the public one. This also meant a reduction in both state regulation of the economy and trade barriers between nations.

Question 37

sylvester

Answer 37

“flamboyant and colorful” singer-song writer public persona who wore both male and female gendered clothes, He was known as the “Queen of discos” in the late 1970s and was homosexual. He is significant because he was an activist who campaigned against the spread of HIV/ AIDS.

Question 38

contract with america

Answer 38

Devised by conservative congressman Newt Gingrich. It promised to limit the scope of government, cut back on taxes and economic and environmental regulations, overhaul the welfare system, and end affirmative action

Question 39

donna summer

Answer 39

Popular during mid-70’s through the 80’s. Gave Diva its term