exam 2 Flashcards
Zoot suit riots
Navy sailors attacked Mexican-American youth wearing Zoot Suits which were large, flamboyant suits. This is significant because it illustrated the limits of wartime tolerance, especially across Racial lines.
Teapot Dome Scandal
The Harding administration suffered scandals at the Veterans Bureau where Albert Fall had the Navy into transferring lands to the Department. Fall leased these to Oilmen and received large profits. This is significant because it was the most notorious scandal and led to fall becoming the first cabinet member in history to be convicted of a felony.
Andrew Mellon
Secretary of treasury under Coolidge and Harding. During the depression, he said economic downturns were a normal part of capitalism and weeded out unproductive firms. This is significant because he was the key republican strategist during the depression.
Spanish Civil War*
Fascists under France Rebelled against the elected republican government, the Nazis and Italian fascists aided France, while the Soviet Union and international communists joined the republicans. The U.S., Britain and France declared neutrality ultimately, the Republic falls and the fascists take over.
CORE
Congress of Radical equality founded by James Farmer that believed in nonviolent civil disobedience, such as sit ins. This is significant because nonviolent acts is what ultimately led to the success of the civil rights movement and this organization contributed to the double-V.
Woody Gunthrie
A prominent Oklahoma folk music figure who was popular amongst migrants. Gunthrie wrote the song “This Land is your Land.” He is significant because he was the most influential folk musicians of the early 20th century.
McCarthyism
the practice of making accusation of communist connections without proper regard for evidence. the targets were government employees, those in the entertainment industry, educators and union activists. This is significant because many people suffered loss of employment, destruction of their careers, and even imprisonment.
American G.I form *
Founded by Dr. Hector Garcia in Corpus Christi, it helped Mexican American Veterans obtain Medical care and benefits.
Marshall Plan
The Marshal Plan is significant because it proved to be one of the most successful foreign aid programs in history. By 1950, western European production exceeded prewar levels and the region was to follow the United States down the road to a mass-consumption society. Secretary of State George Marshall proposed an extensive plan of economic aid to rebuild war-torn Europe.
Huey Long
Populist Long advocate a radical redistribution of wealth, making “every man a king.” He argued the New Deal didn’t do enough, and called for the confiscation of the most of the wealth of the Richest Americans. “Share the wealth.” This is significant because it led to hospital and educational institution expansion and a system of charity hospitals were set up that provided health care to the poor.
Social Security Act
A cornerstone of the New Deal the SSA established a system for pension and disability payments. It created a variety of programs to serve many groups of citizens. It included old-age pensions, unemployment relief, and aid to families with dependent children. This is significant because it is one of the remaining benefits today.
CIO
The new Congress of Industrial Organization sought to organize unions among industrial, mass production workers in factories and mines. The United Auto Workers was one of the most important CIO unions. It is significant because its primary goal was to better the working conditions of unskilled workers.
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact*
Also known as the Nazi-soviet non-aggression pact between Stalin and Hitler. This was a treaty that secretly divided Europe between them. This was a surprise to the world because Hitler and Stalin were sworn enemies and leads to the start of WWII.
Herbert Hoover
President when the Crash hit, Hoover prescribed voluntary cooperation among businessmen to promote economic recovery. This is significant because it led to Hawley-Smoot Tariff, Revenue Act of 1932, and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Four Freedoms
In an extension of New Deal ideology, President Roosevelt proclaimed that world affairs should be governed by the “Four Freedoms.”
1. Freedom of speech
2. Worship
3. Want
4. Fear
This is significant because these were the American purposes in WWII. The freedoms were popularized by Norman Rockwell’s illustrations in the Saturday Evening Post in 1943.
Japanese Internment Camp
The relocation of all persons of Japanese descent for the west coast to government investment camps in response to the Japanese attacks on Pearl Harbor in December 1941. American citizens exaggerated fears of a Japanese invasion pressured the government to order this. This is significant because it revealed how easily war can undermine basic freedoms.
Bracero Program
System in which thousands of Mexicans entered the U.S. to work temporarily in agricultural jobs in. At the start of the program, train loads of Mexican immigrants ready to work were sent over during the heart of WWII for the “emergency wartime agricultural and railroad importations”. Shortages of food and other goods throughout the U.S caused chaos throughout the nation, leading to the bracero program as a solution. This is significant because it reinforced the status of Mexican immigrants as an unskilled labor force.
Indian New Deal
Commissioner of Indian Affairs John Collier changed the federal government’s policy regarding Native Americans. He overturned the earlier Dawes Act with the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 that restored tribal authority. This is significant because it was the most Radical shift in Indian policy in the nation’s history.
Marcus Garvey
Garvey argued that peaceful integration would never occur. Rather, he taught the principle of self-reliance and set up the Universal Negro Improvement Association with the goal of sustaining separate black communities and a return to Africa. This is significant because it was a view that was not widely held, most had hope to end racial segregation and mistreatment
Alfred Sloan*
GM’s Alfred Sloan is significant because he invented the auto industry we know today. Offering new models annually in a variety of styles and colors, Sloan stood near the center of the decade’s new consumer, advertising, and marketing economy.
Okies
A native or inhabitant of Oklahoma. A migrant agricultural worker from Oklahoma who had been forced to leave during the Great Depression. Okies are significant because of their migrant work and harsh living conditions during the great depression.
Original Dixieland Jazz Band
They called themselves the “Creators of Jazz” but have long been dismissed as a group of white guys who copied African- American music. They recorded the first Jazz single. This is significant because they were the first jazz band to be recorded in a studio.
Bessie Smith
A blues singer. Her powerful voice earned her the title of “Empress of the Blues”. She is significant because she helped pioneer the genre of blues.
Truman Doctrine
The U.S. should give support to any countries threatened by Soviet Forces, or communist insurrection. This is significant because it is seen by communists as an open declaration of the Cold War, although it wasn’t a real declaration of war.
