exam 2

Question 1

Zoot suit riots

Answer 1

Navy sailors attacked Mexican-American youth wearing Zoot Suits which were large, flamboyant suits. This is significant because it illustrated the limits of wartime tolerance, especially across Racial lines.

Question 2

Teapot Dome Scandal

Answer 2

The Harding administration suffered scandals at the Veterans Bureau where Albert Fall had the Navy into transferring lands to the Department. Fall leased these to Oilmen and received large profits. This is significant because it was the most notorious scandal and led to fall becoming the first cabinet member in history to be convicted of a felony.

Question 3

Andrew Mellon

Answer 3

Secretary of treasury under Coolidge and Harding. During the depression, he said economic downturns were a normal part of capitalism and weeded out unproductive firms. This is significant because he was the key republican strategist during the depression.

Question 4

Spanish Civil War*

Answer 4

Fascists under France Rebelled against the elected republican government, the Nazis and Italian fascists aided France, while the Soviet Union and international communists joined the republicans. The U.S., Britain and France declared neutrality ultimately, the Republic falls and the fascists take over.

Question 5

CORE

Answer 5

Congress of Radical equality founded by James Farmer that believed in nonviolent civil disobedience, such as sit ins. This is significant because nonviolent acts is what ultimately led to the success of the civil rights movement and this organization contributed to the double-V.

Question 6

Woody Gunthrie

Answer 6

A prominent Oklahoma folk music figure who was popular amongst migrants. Gunthrie wrote the song “This Land is your Land.” He is significant because he was the most influential folk musicians of the early 20th century.

Question 7

McCarthyism

Answer 7

the practice of making accusation of communist connections without proper regard for evidence. the targets were government employees, those in the entertainment industry, educators and union activists. This is significant because many people suffered loss of employment, destruction of their careers, and even imprisonment.

Question 8

American G.I form *

Answer 8

Founded by Dr. Hector Garcia in Corpus Christi, it helped Mexican American Veterans obtain Medical care and benefits.

Question 9

Marshall Plan

Answer 9

The Marshal Plan is significant because it proved to be one of the most successful foreign aid programs in history. By 1950, western European production exceeded prewar levels and the region was to follow the United States down the road to a mass-consumption society. Secretary of State George Marshall proposed an extensive plan of economic aid to rebuild war-torn Europe.

Question 10

Huey Long

Answer 10

Populist Long advocate a radical redistribution of wealth, making “every man a king.” He argued the New Deal didn’t do enough, and called for the confiscation of the most of the wealth of the Richest Americans. “Share the wealth.” This is significant because it led to hospital and educational institution expansion and a system of charity hospitals were set up that provided health care to the poor.

Question 11

Social Security Act

Answer 11

A cornerstone of the New Deal the SSA established a system for pension and disability payments. It created a variety of programs to serve many groups of citizens. It included old-age pensions, unemployment relief, and aid to families with dependent children. This is significant because it is one of the remaining benefits today.

Question 12

CIO

Answer 12

The new Congress of Industrial Organization sought to organize unions among industrial, mass production workers in factories and mines. The United Auto Workers was one of the most important CIO unions. It is significant because its primary goal was to better the working conditions of unskilled workers.

Question 13

Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact*

Answer 13

Also known as the Nazi-soviet non-aggression pact between Stalin and Hitler. This was a treaty that secretly divided Europe between them. This was a surprise to the world because Hitler and Stalin were sworn enemies and leads to the start of WWII.

Question 14

Herbert Hoover

Answer 14

President when the Crash hit, Hoover prescribed voluntary cooperation among businessmen to promote economic recovery. This is significant because it led to Hawley-Smoot Tariff, Revenue Act of 1932, and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Question 15

Four Freedoms

Answer 15

In an extension of New Deal ideology, President Roosevelt proclaimed that world affairs should be governed by the “Four Freedoms.”
1. Freedom of speech
2. Worship
3. Want
4. Fear
This is significant because these were the American purposes in WWII. The freedoms were popularized by Norman Rockwell’s illustrations in the Saturday Evening Post in 1943.

Question 16

Japanese Internment Camp

Answer 16

The relocation of all persons of Japanese descent for the west coast to government investment camps in response to the Japanese attacks on Pearl Harbor in December 1941. American citizens exaggerated fears of a Japanese invasion pressured the government to order this. This is significant because it revealed how easily war can undermine basic freedoms.

Question 17

Bracero Program

Answer 17

System in which thousands of Mexicans entered the U.S. to work temporarily in agricultural jobs in. At the start of the program, train loads of Mexican immigrants ready to work were sent over during the heart of WWII for the “emergency wartime agricultural and railroad importations”. Shortages of food and other goods throughout the U.S caused chaos throughout the nation, leading to the bracero program as a solution. This is significant because it reinforced the status of Mexican immigrants as an unskilled labor force.

Question 18

Indian New Deal

Answer 18

Commissioner of Indian Affairs John Collier changed the federal government’s policy regarding Native Americans. He overturned the earlier Dawes Act with the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 that restored tribal authority. This is significant because it was the most Radical shift in Indian policy in the nation’s history.

Question 19

Marcus Garvey

Answer 19

Garvey argued that peaceful integration would never occur. Rather, he taught the principle of self-reliance and set up the Universal Negro Improvement Association with the goal of sustaining separate black communities and a return to Africa. This is significant because it was a view that was not widely held, most had hope to end racial segregation and mistreatment

Question 20

Alfred Sloan*

Answer 20

GM’s Alfred Sloan is significant because he invented the auto industry we know today. Offering new models annually in a variety of styles and colors, Sloan stood near the center of the decade’s new consumer, advertising, and marketing economy.

Question 21

Okies

Answer 21

A native or inhabitant of Oklahoma. A migrant agricultural worker from Oklahoma who had been forced to leave during the Great Depression. Okies are significant because of their migrant work and harsh living conditions during the great depression.

Question 22

Original Dixieland Jazz Band

Answer 22

They called themselves the “Creators of Jazz” but have long been dismissed as a group of white guys who copied African- American music. They recorded the first Jazz single. This is significant because they were the first jazz band to be recorded in a studio.

Question 23

Bessie Smith

Answer 23

A blues singer. Her powerful voice earned her the title of “Empress of the Blues”. She is significant because she helped pioneer the genre of blues.

Question 24

Truman Doctrine

Answer 24

The U.S. should give support to any countries threatened by Soviet Forces, or communist insurrection. This is significant because it is seen by communists as an open declaration of the Cold War, although it wasn’t a real declaration of war.

Question 25

Korean War

Answer 25

Invasion of South Korea by North Korea was the first military action of the Cold War. The north was the Soviet-Backed Democratic People’s Republic. The south was Pro-Western Republic of Korea. In July, American troops had entered the war of behalf of South Korea. It was believed to be a war against communism itself. This is significant because it led to the success of containment by keeping North Korea out of South Korea.

Question 26

Beer and Wine Revenue Act*

Answer 26

Levies a federal tax on all alcoholic beverages to raise revenue for the federal government and gives individual states the option to further regulate the sale and distribution of beer and wine.

Question 27

Eleanor Roosevelt

Answer 27

She was wife of FDR and spoke out on public issues such as civil rights. She is significant because she turned the position of First Lady into a political position.

Question 28

Containment

Answer 28

A U.S. foreign policy adopted by Truman administration, operating on the principle that communist governments will eventually fall apart as long as they are prevented from expanding their influence. This is significant because it was proven to be true when America contained North Korea instead of letting them keep moving into South Korea,

Question 29

American Liberty League*

Answer 29

An organization that meant to mobilize opposition to Roosevelt’s policies because they felt the New Deal’s regulation expanded full recovery. Although the New Deal had supporters, it also had critics like this league. two high-profile supporters of the ALL were former New York Governor Al Smith and GM’s Alfred Smith.

Question 30

Richard Overton

Answer 30

Oldest living WWII veteran at 110 years old and live in Austin Texas. He is significant because he is a valuable source of information and insight.

Question 31

National recovery administration*

Answer 31

the NRA was an early New Deal program designed to assist industry, labor, and the unemployed through centralized planning that monitored workers’ earnings and working hours to distribute work.

Question 32

Fireside chats

Answer 32

During the depression years of the 1930s, President Roosevelt used the radio to communicate with the American people about current events. This is significant because this was the first time media had been used by a president and it instilled trust and relief into the American people.

Question 33

Emma Tenayuca

Answer 33

Emma Tenayuca was a young, militant labor leader in San Antonio in the 1930s.
She led the Pecan Shellers’ Strike of 1938. This is significant because it is the largest strike in San Antonio history and the largest strike amongst Mexican-American laborers in the 1930s.

Question 34

Court Packing Plan*

Answer 34

President Franklin Roosevelt announces a controversial plan to expand the Supreme Court to as many as 15 judges, allegedly to make it more efficient. Critics immediately charged that Roosevelt was trying to “pack” the court and thus neutralize Supreme Court justices hostile to his New Deal.

Question 35

Civil Rights Act

Answer 35

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 which ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, or sex. It is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. It was then signed into law Lyndon B. Johnson. It is significant because it ended segregation and led to more equality for African Americans with the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Question 36

Selma March

Answer 36

MLK Jr and other African Americans march from Selma to Montgomery to try to register to vote. The first attempt ended with law enforcement trampling them out and the second attempt they went, stopped at the entrance, prayed and left. This is significant because it led to the voting rights act.