exam 1

Question 1

Bargain of 1877

Answer 1

Compromise made between Republican and Democratic parties to resolve the election of 1877. Republican Hayes lost the popular vote, but was declared the winner in exchange for the withdraw of federal troops in the South. This signaled the end of the Reconstruction

Question 2

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 2

O.O Howard established to help the former slaves by aiding with education, healthcare, and land-owning. It is significant to us history because it helped the former slave communities secure equal treatments before the courts.

Question 3

15th Amendment

Answer 3

Grants freedmen the right to vote and states that the vote cannot be denied on account of race. This is significant because this amendment showed the progress America was trying to make towards equal civil rights.

Question 4

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 4

Dominated the steel industry during the Gilded Age. He established a “vertically integrated” company. Carnegie is significant to us history because he ended up dominating the steel industry.

Question 5

“The Souls of Black Folk”

Answer 5

A book by W.E.B. Debois that describing the discrimination against African Americans. This is significant because the book talks about reconstruction, African American suffrage, and higher education.

Question 6

Battle of Little Bighorn

Answer 6

Battle between Sioux Indians and the U.S. Army under General Custer. The whole U.S. side perished in this Indian victory and was a huge shock to America because the Comanche tribe had been the only tribe to “defeat” the US.

Question 7

Omaha Platform

Answer 7

The demands from the populist party. They include government ownership of Railroads, popular election of Senators, and secret ballots. These were Radical demands at the time, but they seem common place today.

Question 8

William Jennings Bryan

Answer 8

Believed that silver backed currency would benefit lower classes and help to close the socioeconomic gap. Election of 1896 changed the style of campaigns and shifted political positions of both major parties. William Jennings Bryan ran as the fusion candidate for the Democrats and the Populists. Bryan called for the free coinage of silver, wanting to eliminate the Gold Standard.

Question 9

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 9

Court case where Homer Plessy was arrested because he refused to move to the “colored only” part of the Railroad car. Plessy argued that Radical segregation violated the 14th Amendment. This is significant to US history because the supreme court upheld the law because segregated facilities did not discriminate as long as they were “separate but equal”

Question 10

Ida B. Wells

Answer 10

An African American Journalist whose essay in a Memphis newspaper led to a mob destroying her newspaper. She moved to the North and became the nation’s leading anti-lynching crusader

Question 11

The Haymarket Affair

Answer 11

Chicago, May 1, 1886. Large meeting supporting a strike for an 8 hour day. Police arrived to try to break up the disorder, and at that time, someone throws a bomb into the line of cops and some die. Cops fire into the crowd of people. The city of Chicago are going to blame this on the radicals and the immigrants. And they are held responsible and sentenced to death.

Question 12

Progressivism

Answer 12

Progressivism was a broad middle class reform movement calling for government regulation of industry and a rational approach to the growth of the modern city. This is significant to US history because the Middle-class citizens started identifying with their professions.

Question 13

Booker T. Washington

Answer 13

African American advocate of industrial education and economic self-help. He emphasized that obtaining farms or skilled jobs was far more important to African Americans emerging from society than the rights of citizenship. Washington was criticized in DuBois “Souls of Black Folk” because he didn’t advocate for the higher education that the blacks deserved.

Question 14

Spanish-American War (1898)

Answer 14

Cuban fought for independence from Spain

• The U.S was interested in obtaining cuba
• investments from the us in cuba was effect by the cuban revolution
• The US intervened in the war and beat Spain and gained a few spanish territories

Treaty of Paris (1898) and Outcome of War
The U.S. and Spanish agreed to cease hostilities. Spain relinquished Cuba, and gave Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam to the U.S. also forced newly independent Cuba to accept the Platt Amendment.

Question 15

Jane Addams

Answer 15

Prominent female reformer during Progressive Era who reserved the expectation women had at the time, so she founded the Hull House in Chicago in 1889. This was a “settlement house” devoted to improving the lives of the poor immigrant families.

Question 16

Fourteen Points

Answer 16

The Fourteen Points was a speech given by Woodrow Wilson in 1918 that opened the expectations for postwar peace in the United States. The speech outlined ideas such as the freedom of the seas, free trade, and the end of secret diplomacy. The result was the establishment of an international organization known as the League of Nations. These points established the agenda for the Peace Conference that followed the war.

Question 17

Samuel Gompers

Answer 17

Known as the American Federation of Labor (AFL) founder and president. He Organized skilled workers around wages and working conditions. He is significant to US history because he provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers.

Question 18

The Jungle

Answer 18

The Jungle, written by Upton Sinclair became the most influential novel in the Progressive era. The book exposed an underside of the American workforce by pointing out the unsanitary conditions of slaughterhouses and the sale of rotten meat. This made American’s very uneasy, leading to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act of 1906.

Question 19

New Freedom

Answer 19

New Freedom was a program created by Woodrow Wilson in which he insisted that democracy must be strengthened by restoring market competition and freeing government from the domination of big business. For this program, Wilson envisioned the federal government to strengthen antitrust laws, protect workers who wish to unionize, and encourage the creation of small businesses without government regulation.

Question 20

Margaret Sanger

Answer 20

Margaret Sanger put the issue of birth control at the heart of the new feminism. She would openly advertise the use of birth control and the right for a woman to call herself free by being able to choose whether or not to become a mother. Sanger opened a clinic in Brooklyn where she distributed contraceptive devices to poor women in the city. This action caused her to be thrown in jail, however, her influence concerning the importance of birth control was not forgotten.

Question 21

19th Amendment

Answer 21

The Nineteenth Amendment was ratified into the Constitution in 1920. It guaranteed all American women the right to vote.

Question 22

Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 22

Halted Chinese immigration in the U.S. after huge waves of them came during the construction of the transcontinental Railroad. This was the first act by the federal government based on race and was later repeated in 1942.

Question 23

Election of 1912

Answer 23

Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, Debs and Woodrow Wilson. This is significant to US history because Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win.

Question 24

Farmers’ Alliance

Answer 24

The Farmers’ Alliance was founded in Texas in 1877. It was a nonpartisan organization that was geared toward cooperative buying and marketing of their produce. The farmers proposed that the federal government establish warehouses where they could then store their crops, the government then issued them loans at low interest rates which ended the farmers’ reliance on bankers. This is significant to US history because it entered farmers into the world of politics.

Question 25

Dawes Act

Answer 25

A federal law intended to detribalize Indians by breaking up very common tribal lands into small privately owned farms. The goal was to remove land from the Indians hands and push them to become farmers and landowners. The Dawes Act is seen to be tough love by the government

Question 26

Emilio Aguinaldo

Answer 26

A native of the Philippines. After independence was gained by Cuba, the United States still didn’t recognize an independent Philippines. Disappointed, Aguinaldo established a guerrilla war against the United States that would last for four years and was bloodier than the Spanish-American War.

Question 27

Quanah Parker

Answer 27

Quanah Parker was a Comanche, English-American. He was one of the last Comanche chiefs before they surrendered their battle of the Great Plains. Parker accrues a fortune through ranching contracts. He is significant because he supported assimilation.

Question 28

Minor v. Happersett (1875)

Answer 28

Virginia Minor of Missouri attempted to register to vote, arguing that her status as a citizen entitled her to the right.
The Supreme Court case decided that voting was not an automatic privilege of citizenship, setting back the movement for women’s suffrage

Question 29

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Answer 29

1. U.S. neutral in Europe’s affairs.
2. U.S. wouldn’t interfere in European colonies that were in the western hemisphere.
3. There would be no further colonization in the western hemisphere.
4. European control of any nation in the western hemisphere would be viewed as hostile.

Question 30

U.S. vs Wong Kim Ark

Answer 30

Wong was denied entry to US after Chinese exclusion act although he was born in America. The Court ruled that the Fourteenth amendment awarded citizenship to children of Chinese immigrants born on American soil. This is significant because it expanded the 14th amendment to all born in the US, not just those who were once slaves.

Question 31

Lucy Burns

Answer 31

Alice Paul’s partner, campaigned for 19th amendment’ a fierce activist for women’s rights in the United States as well as in the U.K., very good friends with Alice Paul with whom she founded the National Women’s Party. She is significant to US history because she helped advocate for women’s rights

Question 32

John Peter Altgeld

Answer 32

He was the 20th governor of Illinois and a leading figure of the Progressive movement. He is significant to US history because he improved workplace safety and child labor laws.

Question 33

Great Southwest Strike

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Answer 33

Knights of Labor rose and fell with strikes in 1885-86. They were initially successful. This significant to US history because this would end suppression

Question 34

Appomattox Courthouse

Answer 34

Where the American Civil War ended. General Robert E Lee of the Confederate States surrendered on 9 April 1865 to General Ulysses S Grant in a private house. This is significant to US history because it brought 3 questions to light. 1. Is the south going to be punished. 2. How is the south going to be governed. 3. Where are the place of the freed slaves.

Question 35

NAWSA

Answer 35

The major organization for suffrage for women, it was founded by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. This is significant to US history because the organization supported the Wilson administration during World War I and split with the more radical National Woman’s Party, who in 1917 began to picket the White House because Wilson had not forcefully stated that women should get the vote

Question 36

Lusitania

Answer 36

German submarine sank the British liner, Lusitania, which was carrying a load of arms. This killed over 1000 people, 124 being American. This is significant because it caused tension between Wilson and Germany

Question 37

League of Nations

Answer 37

Global counterpart to the regulatory commissions Progressives had created at home to maintain social harmony and prevent the powerful from exploiting the weak. Wilson’s stress on the “equality of nations” large and small, and that international disputes should be settled by peaceful means rather than armed conflict

Question 38

JP Morgan

Answer 38

• investment banker: owns a bank that people use and then used the depositors money to invest/buy stock.
• merged stocks and companies together=believed in the idea of combination
• was very powerful b/c he never took no for an answer
• he creates US steel and buys out Carnegie and other rivals to create U.S. Steel (enormous business)
• he never just worked w steel, always went back to wallstreet to look for other things

Question 39

William Howard Taft

Answer 39

• hand picked by TR to replace him as president
• opposite in views from TR
• reversed agendas set by roosevelt
• dollar deplomacey(diplomatic and military action to further business overseas

Question 40

Open door policy

Answer 40

A policy proposed by John Hay in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China. This is significant because it kept china from being divided up by the major powers during WWI.