Exam 3 Flashcards
The liver lies mostly in the _____ hypochondrium and ________ region.
RIGHT hypochondrium
Epigastric
The ______ and ______/_____ of the ________ are found in the left hypochondrium
SPLEEN
FUNDUS/BODY of the STOMACH
13 layers of the anterior abdominal wall:
Skin Superficial Layer of Superficial Fascia (Camper's Fascia) Deep Layer of Superficial Fascia (Scarpa's Fascia) Deep Fascia External Oblique Internal Oblique Transversus Abdominus Transfersalis Fascia Extraperitoneal Fascia Parietal Peritoneum Peritoneal Cavity Visceral Peritoneum Abdominal Organs
Extravasation of urine occurs between which two layers?
Scarpa’s Fascia and Deep Fascia
External Oblique
Origin:
Innervation:
External Oblique
Origin: LOWER 8 RIBS
Innervation: ANTERIOR PRIMARY RAMI OF LOWER 6 THORACIC NERVES
Internal Oblique
Innervation:
Anterior Primary Rami of Lower 6 Thoracic and First Lumbar Nerves
Above the Arctuate Line
Anterior Layer of Rectus Sheath:
Posterior Layer of Rectus Sheath:
Above the Arctuate Line
Anterior Layer of Rectus Sheath: APONEUROSIS of EXTERNAL and INTERNAL OBLIQUE MUSCLES
Posterior Layer of Rectus Sheath: APONEUROSIS of INTERNAL OBLIQUE and TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLES
Below the Arcuate Line
Anterior Layer of Rectus Sheath:
Posterior Layer of Rectus Sheath:
Below the Arcuate Line
Anterior Layer of Rectus Sheath: APONEUROSIS of EXTERNAL OBLIQUE, INTERNAL OBLIQUE, and TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS
Posterior Layer of Rectus Sheath: TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA
Median Umbilical Fold contains…
Medial Umbilical Fold contains…
Lateral Umbilical Fold contains…
Median Umbilical Fold contains URACHUS
Medial Umbilical Fold contains OBLITERATED UMBILICAL ARTERY
Lateral Umbilical Fold contains INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC VESSELS
The inguinal ligament is formed the lower edge of the _______ _______ aponeurosis
External Oblique
Superficial Inguinal Ring is a triangular opening in the _______ _______ aponeurosis
External Oblique
The Deep Inguinal Ring is an opening within the _________ ________.
Transversalis Fascia
An indirect inguinal hernia passes ______ to the inferior epigastric vessels
Lateral
A direct inguinal hernia passes _______ to the inferior epigastric vessels
Medial
The internal spermatic fascia is derived from the…
Transversalis Fascia
What structure runs in the inguinal canal but not in the spermatic cord
Ilioinguinal Nerve
Tunica Vaginalis is derived from…
Peritoneum
Seminiferous tubules unite to form straight tubules called…
Rete Testis
Condition where testes are undescended at birth
Cryptorchidism
Accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity
Ascites
T/F The transverse colon is a retroperitoneal structure
False - Transverse colon is NOT a retroperitoneal structure
Which peritoneum is sensitive to pain
Parietal Peritoneum
Omenta =
Apron
______ _______ (_______ ____): lies posterior to the liver, lesser omentum, and stomach.
Omental Bursa - Lesser Sac
________ ________ _______: longitudinal depression lateral to the ascending colon
Right Paracolic Gutter
The duodenum is derived from…
Forgut and Midgut
Myenteric Plexus: between ______ and _________ layers of muscularis externa
Circular and Longitudinal layers
The stomach functions primarily in…
Digestion rather than absorption
The most distal portion of the stomach
Pyloric Part
Opening between the stomach and duodenum
Pyloric Orifice
“Which of the following is located within the stomach?”
Rugae/Gastric Folds
________ ________ _______ ______: A tumor-like increase in the size of the pyloric sphincter.
More common in (males/females)
Congenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Males
Spasmodic contraction of pyloric sphincter
Pylorospasm
Smallest and largest branch of celiac trunk
Left Gastric Artery - smallest
Splenic Artery - Largest
3 branches of the splenic artery
Pancreatic branches
Short Gastric artery
Left Gastro-Omental (Gastroepiploic) artery
Branch of splenic artery that goes to the fundus of the stomach
Short Gastric Artery
Branch of the splenic artery that runs to the RIGHT along the greater curvature of the stomach within the greater omentum
Left Gastroepiploic (Gastro-Omental) Artery
3 branches of the gastroduodenal artery
Supraduodenal Artery
Right Gastroepiploic (Gastro-Omental) Artery
Superior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery
Branch of the gastroduodenal artery that runs to the LEFT along the greater curvature of the stomach within the greater omentum.
Right Gastroepiploic (Gastro-Omental) Artery
Gland that secretes a dilute alkaline mucus in duodenum
Brunner’s/Duodenal Gland
Most common site for ulcers distal to stomach
Superior/First Part of Duodenum (Duodenal Cap)
Junction of foregut and midgut
Descending/Second Part of Duodenum
Where the bile duct and pancreatic duct empty.
Descending/Second Part of Duodenum
Fibromuscular band which extends from the diaphragm to the duodenojejunal flexure
Suspesnsory Muscle of the Duodenum
Duodenal Ulcers may perforate…
- Allowing contents to escape into ______ ______, causing ________.
- Due to proximity, _____, _____, and ______ are often damaged.
- Can also erode __________ artery
Duodenal Ulcers may perforate…
- Allowing contents to escape into PERITONEAL CAVITY, causing PERITONITIS.
- Due to proximity, LIVER, PANCREAS, and GALLBLADDER are often damaged.
- Can also erode GASTRODUODENAL artery
Segment of the GI tract most Involved with nutrient uptake - absorption
Jejunum
Ileum absorbs… (3)
Fat Soluble Vitamins
B12
Bile Salts
Peyer’s Patches are present in the ______.
Ileum
Plicae Circulares are _____, _____ in the jejunum
Tall, Many
Fingerlike pouch which projects from the distal ileum
Ileal (Meckel’s) Diverticulum
Ileal (Meckel’s) Diverticulum contains…
all layers of ileum
Produces a “cobblestone” radiographic appearance
Crohn’s Disease
Prevents backflow of feces into the small intestine
Ileal Fold
Appendix
Most common position:
2nd most common position:
Retrocecal - most common
Pelvic - 2nd most common
Taeniae Coli: three narrow longitudinal bands of muscle seen most prominently in the _____ and _____ _____
Cecum and Ascending Colon
Herniation of the mucosa of the colon through the muscular layer WITHOUT inflammation
Diverticulosis
Innervation of Large Intestine
Cecum through 2/3 of Transverse Colon:
Left 1/3 of Transverse Colon to Anal Canal:
Innervation of Large Intestine
Cecum through 2/3 of Transverse Colon: autonomic fibers from the SUPERIOR MESENTERIC PLEXUS
Left 1/3 of Transverse Colon to Anal Canal: autonomic fibers from INFERIOR MESENTERIC PLEXUS and HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUS
Portal Venous System drains… (4)
GI Tract
Spleen
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Obstructive sign in the umbilicus region
Caput Medusae
Obstructive sign in rectum and anal canal
Hemorrhoids
Obstructive sign in distal esophagus
Esophageal Varices
Caval vein tributary in rectum and anal canal
Middle and Inferior Rectal veins
Portal vein tributary in rectum and anal canal
Superior Rectal vein
Portal vein tributary in distal esophagus
Left Gastric vein
Hilum of liver
Porta Hepatis
Porta Hepatis contains… (3)
Common Hepatic Duct
Hepatic Artery Proper
Portal Vein
_______ lobe - receives blood from the LFFT branch of the hepatic artery
_______ lobe - receives blood from the RIGHT branch of the hepatic artery
QUADRATE lobe - receives blood from the LFFT branch of the hepatic artery
CAUDATE lobe - receives blood from the RIGHT branch of the hepatic artery
Hepatic Segments I - IV in the _____ functional half
Hepatic Segments V - VIII in the _____ functional half
Hepatic Segments I - IV in the LEFT functional half
Hepatic Segments V - VIII in the RIGHT functional half
Main blood supply to liver (2)
Portal Vein - 75%
Hepatic Artery - 25%
Gallstones most commonly become impacted at the…
Hepatopancreatic Ampulla (or sphincter)
30% of gallstone patients refer pain to…
Right Subclavian region of back
Pancreatic Duct drains…
Accessory Pancreatic duct drains…
Pancreatic Duct drains… NECK, BODY, TAIL
Accessory Pancreatic duct drains… HEAD and UNCINATE PROCESS
Three subdivisions of the visceral surface of the spleen
Gastric Surface
Colic Surface
Renal Surface
