Exam 1 Flashcards
Main motor innervation of the face
Facial Nerve - CN VII
Main sensory innervation of the face
Trigeminal Nerve - CN V
3 major branches of the trigeminal nerve
Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
5 branches of opthalmic (of trigeminal)
Supraorbital Supratrochlear Infratrochlear External Nasal Lacrimal
3 branches of maxillary (of trigeminal)
Zygomaticotemporal
Zygomaticofacial
Infraorbital
3 branches of mandibular (of trigeminal)
Auriculotemporal
Buccal
Mental
Sensory innervation of posterior neck and scalp
Posterior (dorsal) primary rami of cervical nerves 2 to 4
________ _________ Nerve (Posterior Primary Ramus of C2): Supplies the…
Greater Occipital Nerve: Supplies the Occipital Region
_______ _______ Nerve (Posterior Primary Ramus of C3): Supplies the…
Third Occipital Nerve: Supplies the Upper Part of Back of Neck
Posterior Primary Ramus of C4: Supplies the..
Lower Part of Back of Neck
Lesser Occipital Nerve (C2): Supplies…
Lateral part of occipital region, posterior to the ear
Greater Auricular Nerve (C2/C3): Supplies…
Angle of mandible and area inferior to ear
The greater auricular nerve accompanies the _______ _______ _____
External Jugular Vein
Transvers Cervical Nerve (C2/C3): Supplies…
Anterior surface of neck (throat)
___________ Nerve (C3/C4): Supplies the lateral surface of the neck and has three subdivisions
Supraclavicular Nerve
3 subdivisions of the supraclavicular nerve
Medial supraclavicular
Intermediate supraclavular
Lateral supraclavicular
Motor fibers to the infrahyoid muscles arise from…
a loop called the ANSA CERVICALIS
(Ansa Cervicalis)
Superior Root:
from C1 or C1/C2.
Descends from Hypoglossal nerve to join inferior root
(Ansa Cervicalis)
Inferior Root:
from C2/C3
Descends from cervical branches to join superior root
Ansa Cervicalis supplies which 3 of the 4 infrahyoid muscles
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
Infrahyoid muscle NOT supplied by Ansa Cervicalis and what DOES supply it.
Thyrohyoid - Hypoglossal (C1)
Origins of the phrenic nerve
C3/C4/C5
“C3, C4 and C5 keep the diaphragm alive”
The phrenic nerve can be found in the neck lying on the…
Anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle
Pathological contraction of sternocleidomastoid
Torticollis
3 types of torticollis
Congenital Torticollis: Fibrous tissue tumor - birth or shortly before
Muscular Torticollis: Birth injury
Spasmodic Torticollis:Abnormal tonicity - Adults - responds well to chiropractic care
The external jugular vein is formed immediately below the…
Parotid Gland
The external jugular vein is formed by the union of…
Retromandibular Vein
Posterior Auricular Vein
6 tributaries of the external jugular vein
Retromandibular Posterior Auricular Posterior External Jugular Anterior Jugular Transverse Cervical Suprascapular
Prominent External Jugular Vein can occur from…
Congestive Heart Failure
Obstruction of Superior Vena Cava
Boundaries of the posterior triangle (of the neck)
Sternocleidomastoid - anterior
Trapezius - posterior
Clavicle - inferior
Boundaries of the anterior triangle (of the neck)
Mandible - superior
Anterior Midline - anterior
Sternocleidomastoid - posterior
The apex of the anterior triangle lies inferiorly at the…
Jugular Notch
4 subdivisions of the anterior triangle
Submental Triangle
Submandibular Triangle
Carotid Triangle
Muscular Triangle
Only subdivision of the anterior triangle unpaired
Submental Triangle
Superficial layer of infrahyoid muscles
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Deep layer of infrahyoid muscles
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Fascia which encloses the platysma muscle and contains cutaneous nerves, superficial veins and lymph nodes
Superficial Cervical Fascia
Fascia that splits to enclose the SCM
Investing layer of Deep Cervical Fascia
Fascia that encloses the thyroid gland, trachea and esophagus
Pretracheal layer of Deep Cervical Fascia
Fascia which encloses the vertebral column and deep muscles of the back
Prevertebral layer of Deep Cervical Fascia
Cylinder of fascia which extends from the base of the skull to the root of the neck
Carotid Sheath of Deep Cervical Fascia
5 structures contained in the Carotid Sheath of Deep Cervical Fascia
Common Carotid Artery Internal Carotid Artery Internal Jugular Vein (largest vein in neck Vagus Nerve (largest nerve in neck) Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
Fascia which may allow an infection to spread from the head and neck to the mediastinum
Pretrachel Fascia
Boundaries of the Superior Thoracic Aperature
1st thoracic Vetebra
First ribs and their Crtilages
Manubrium of Sternum
Thymus produces…
T-Lymphocytes
Thymus lies ________ to the thyroid gland
Inferior
Blood supply to the thymus
Internal Thoracic Artery
Innervation of thymus
Stellate Ganglion of Sympathetic Trunk of Vagus
Thyroid gland is an _______ organ which produces ________ and _______
Endocrine
Thyroxine and Calcitonin
Thyroid gland lies from ___ to ___ vertebra
C5 to T1
________ lobe of the thyroid gland is present in ___% of the population
Pyramidal - 50%
Thyroid blood supply:
Superior Thyroid Artery from the…
Inferior Thyroid Artery from the…
Variation:
Superior Thyroid Artery from the EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
Inferior Thyroid Artery from the THYROCERVICAL TRUNK
Variation: Thyroid Ima Artery - 10%
Thyroid veins:
Superior Thyroid Vein to the…
Middle Thyroid Vein to the…
Inferior Thyroid Vein to the…
Superior - Internal Jugular
Middle - Internal Jugular
Inferior - Brachiocephalic
Two types of goiters…
Endemic Goiter - dietary deficiency of iodine
Exophthalmic Goiter - Autoimmune (“Graves Disease”)
Parathyroid glands are endocrine glands which are involved in…
Calcium Homeostasis
3 reasons why thyroid surgery is difficult
Highly Vascular
Presence of Parathyroid Glands
Presence of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
8 branches of the external carotid artery
Superior Thyroid Ascending Pharyngeal Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior Auricular Superior Temporal Maxillary
6 Tributaries of the Internal Jugular Vein
Inferior Petrosal Sinus Pharyngeal Veins Facial Vein Lingual Vein Superior Thyroid Vein Middle Thyroid Vein
Cause of Hoarsness
Unilateral damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve
4 causes of damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve
Trauma
Goiter or thyroid tumor
Lung tumor
Aortic aneurism (left side)
