Exam 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 3 methods of printing?
A
- Screen printing
- Roller printing
- Heat Transfer
2
Q
What is screen printing?
A
- Uses fine mesh fabric of polyester, nylon, or metal that is either mounted on a frame or rolled onto a cylinder
- Covered with opaque film
- Placed over fabric
- Print paste is forced through mesh screen
- each color requires a new screen
- known for t-shirt
3
Q
What are the 3 types of screen print systems?
A
- Hand screen printing (50 yds/hour)
- Automatic/Flat Bed Printing (250-450 yds/hour)
- Rotary screen printing (2500 yds/hour)
4
Q
Which method of screen printing is most economical? Why?
A
Rotary screen printing (2500 yds/hour)
5
Q
What is roller printing?
A
- High speed process comparable to newspaper printing
- Prints 6500 yds/hour
- It is uneconomical unless there is going to be a large yardage of each color run produced
6
Q
What is the process of setting the color in screen and roller printing?
A
Aging (pressure string at high temperature)
Soap baths (removes thickeners, print paste)
Rinsing (several rinses and drying)
Curing (printed fabric subjected to dry heat at 400 degrees)
7
Q
What is heat transfer printing?
A
- Also called “thermal transfer”
- Design is printed on transfer paper with ink containing disperse dyes
- heat is applied as fabric passes, the dye sublimates onto the surface of the fabric
8
Q
What is digital printing?
A
- Recently used for textile printing
- Similar to ink jet printer used on office paper
- Can produce complex photographic imagery that cannot be done with traditional types of textile printing
- Slow process due to technical limitations, but can be economical for small yardage
- Environmentally friendly
9
Q
Wears off, making fabric appear faded; low colorfastness
A
Low abrasion resistance
10
Q
Method typically used in hand screen printing
A
Wet on dry
11
Q
Method creates a third color called a fall on
A
Wet on wet
12
Q
Gradual shading of light-dark in same color of pattern
A
Halftone
13
Q
Sample yards of print to full-scale printing
A
Strike off
14
Q
Which printing method is best?
A
It depends on end use:
- Screen printing: interiors
- Roller printing: apparel
- Heat transfer method: knit fabrics
15
Q
What are the 3 basic types of prints?
A
- Direct
- Discharge
- Resist
16
Q
What are the 2 types of direct print?
A
- Application prints
2. Overprints
17
Q
Design is printed directly on white fabric of greige good
A
Application prints
18
Q
Direct prints on previously dyed fabrics
A
Overprints
19
Q
What is discharge print?
A
- Fabrics are dyed, then printed with a print paste containing a strong chemical that removes the color
- Not done as much due to the damage caused by color removal
- Example: polka dots
20
Q
What are resist prints?
A
- A pattern is printed with resisting agent that prevents dye penetration, then fabric is dyed
- Fabric may be white or piece dyed
- Used in craft or hand printings
- Batiks
21
Q
Resists prints that use hot wax
A
Batiks
22
Q
Background made by printing rather than piece dyeing
A
Blotch print
23
Q
Fibers adhered to fabric
A
Flock prints
24
Q
Overall print used to imitate suede, velvet, or velour
A
Flocking
25
Design is created using dyed warp yarns
Warp prints
26
Chemicals used to destroy fibers
Burn-out prints
27
Both sides of fabric are printed
Duplex prints
28
Combine multiple features in one product
Engineered prints
29
Smears, smudges
Color drag
30
Patterns that aren't sharp
Fuzzy patterns
31
Pattern parts don't match
Off-registers
32
Marks caused by the stopping and restarting of the printing machine
Stop marks
33
Weakened areas in fabric
Tender spots
34
Final process before fabric is cut into apparel or other goods
Finishing
35
Able to be laundered many times without any diminishing
Permanent
36
Slightly finishes after laundering
Durable
37
Lasts through several launderings
Semi-durable
38
Only launderable once
Temporary
39
Removes warp starches
Desizing
40
Removes oils
Solvent scouring
41
Removes cellulosic materials
Carbonizing
42
Used on natural fibers to produce a pure white
Bleaching
43
Used to enhance bleached fabrics
Optical brightener
44
Chemicals applied as wet finishes that aid in the finishing process
Resins
45
What are some of the side effects of resin?
- Stiffness
- Shrinkage resistance
- Loss of absorbency
- Reduction in abrasion resistance
- Offensive odors
- Affinity for oily soils
46
High speed, high pressure,mores sing of fabric that results in softer and smoother fabrics with higher luster
Calendaring
47
What are the different types of calendaring?
1. Glazed
2. Cire
3. Embossed
4. Moire
5. Schreiner
48
Type of calendaring treated with starches
Glazed calendaring
49
Type of calendaring treated with waxes
Cire Calendaring
50
Type of calendaring that has a 3D effect
Embossed calendaring
51
Type of calendaring that is treated with resin to gain permanent design
Moire calendaring
52
Type of calendaring that must be treated with a resin performance on thermoplastic fibers to be permanent
Schreiner calendaring
53
Aromatic or odor neutralizing, uses microcapsules that ruptured as a result of movement or abrasion
Fragrances
54
Permanent finish used on wool fabrics, induces felting shrinkage, wools become smoother and more compact with tightly embedded yarns
Fulling
55
Permanent finish that is applied to cotton yarns and fabrics using sodium hydroxide (lye), increased luster, strength, and dye affinity
Mercerized ion
56
Manipulation of low twist filling yarns that are brushed to form a surface nap
Napping
57
Similar to napping, except it uses sandpaper-like material instead of brushes
Sueding
58
Permanent finish that uses cotton and sodium hydroxide (lye) to create a puckered effect
Plissé
59
Use of high speed cutting machine that evenly cuts the end of surface fibers
Shearing
60
Starches and resins are used to make a fabric more crisp and stiff (crinolin, lawn, voile)
Stiffening
61
Stiff and transparent (organdy)
Acid stiffening
62
Mechanical/chemical finish using to improve the hand and drape of fabric, silicone finishes are permanent, oils and waxes are semi-durable
Softening
63
Dyeing in a localized patterned area
Printing
64
What are the 3 types of denim finishes (finishes that make denim appear worn and faded)?
1. Stone washing (pumice stones)
2. Acid washing (pumice stones and bleach)
3. Cellulase (pumice stones, bleach, and cellulase enzyme)
65
What are antimicrobial finishes?
Durable chemical agents that inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi, and are important for items in contact with the skin (such as surgical gowns and shoe linings)
66
What are examples of antistatic finishes (semi-durable finishes used to reduce or eliminate static)?
Fabric softeners and sheets
| Also carpets, non-cling, and electronic equipment
67
How do you get a wrinkle or crease resistant finishes? What are examples of these?
Resin applied to fabrics made of low-resilience fibers
Crease resistant finishes-still need to be ironed
Durable press finishes-don't need to be ironed
68
What are flame resistant finishes? What is an example of this?
Result of the Flammable Fabrics Act
| -children's sleepwear
69
What are soil release finishes?
- For removal of oily soils in hydrophobic fibers
- Most are durable through 40-50 washings
- work clothes, table cloths, carpets
70
What are water repellents?
- Waxes and emulsions used to coat the yarns before weaving, which allows water to be repelled while permitting the passage of air
- Do not provide protection in long, continual exposure to wet weather
- Nondurable or durable
71
What are waterproof coated fabrics?
- Coated/laminated with a film of natural or synthetic rubber or plastic
- Completely moisture proof
- May be uncomfortable
72
What are mothproof finishes?
- Chemical finish
- Temporary or permanent
- Protect animal fibers from moths and beetles
73
What are UV protectors and sun protective finishes?
Added to fabrics to protect the skin from harmful UV radiation
74
What are the aesthetic finishes?
Calendaring, Fragrance, Fulling, Mercerization, Napping/Sueding, Plissé, Shearing, Softening, Stiffening, Stone/Acid Washing
75
What are the functional finishes?
Antimicrobial, Antistatic, Crease Resistant, Durable Press, Flame Resistant, Mothproof, UV, Water/Stain Repellent, Waterproof
76
What are the 2 methods of cleaning?
Laundering and Dry Cleaning
77
What are the 2 soil types?
1. Water soluble soils - dissolved/removed in water
| 2. Non-water soluble - require detergent or soap, water and heat, or a solvent
78
What should you clean garments and fabrics regularly?
- garments are fabrics will last longer
- the accumulation of perspiration, grit, and dust can shorten garment life
- the delay in cleaning a stain may cause the stain to set in permanently
79
What is laundering?
The common method of renovation for washable textile products. It uses water and cleansers, and sometimes additives for soil removal
80
What are laundering factors?
- cleansers/auxiliary agents
- water quality and temperature
- ratio of fabric to water and amount of cleanser
- color fading (sort by color)
- fiber content
- care labels
81
What are the differences in fiber content (hydrophilic and hydrophobic)?
- Hydrophilic: absorb all soils but clean more easily due to liquid penetration
- Hydrophobic: attract oily stains but are harder to clean due to lack of liquid penetration
82
What are soaps?
Sodium salts of a fatty acid
83
What happens to soap in hard water in a bathtub?
Soap curds form rings around the tub
84
What does hard water require?
Larger amounts of soap
85
Does soap work better in hard or soft water?
Soft water; it has less mineral deposits
86
Usually synthetic; dissolves easily; doesn't form curds in hard water
Detergent
| Usually requires larger amounts of detergents when used in hard water
87
How do soaps/detergents work?
They remove soil by:
- enabling water to wet the fabric better
- using too little soap/detergent causes soil redeposition
- using too much causes soil redeposition and graying
88
Used on white fabrics to oxidize coloring matter (stains) and reduces wear life of garment significantly
Bleaches
89
Washable whites only, never use on spandex or protein fibers
Chlorine Bleaches
90
Safe for all fabrics, but is more costly and slower to work
Non-Chlorine Bleach
91
"Optical brighteners" or "whitening agents" that increases light reflection, and does not clean the clothes, but rather masks the soil to make dingy, yellow, gray fabrics look white
Fluorescent brightener
92
Combine with minerals (magnesium and calcium) that cause the water to be hard
Water softeners
93
Provide lubricant on the surface
Fabric softeners
94
Restores body of limp fibers (resin added to the laundry or a spray-on used with ironing)
Starches
95
Mask odors from the chemicals in the product
Fragrances
96
Made of enzymes that break down protein stains, not good to use on protein fibers
Pretreatment products
97
Process by which articles being cleaned are immersed in a solvent, not water
Dry Cleaning
98
Solvent: most common, oldest synthetic, issues with toxins and carcinogens
Perchlorethylene
99
Solvents: second most used, will not burn easily, air pollution=minimal
Hydrocarbons
100
Solvents: slightly flammable, low price, replaced gasoline
Stoddards
101
Solvents: expensive, environmentally friendly, new machines
Liquid CO
102
Items that have been stained that are insoluble must be _______ before dry cleaning. Make the dry cleaner aware of this.
Spot cleaned
103
Textiles for interiors are (more/less) expensive, have (more/less) picks per inch, and (more/less) dye penetration.
More, more, more
104
Does upholstery have to be flame-resistant by law?
No; it is self-regulated by the industry.
105
What are the two types of classes of interior textiles?
Commercial and residential
106
Airs out the fabric (hint: similar to pores)
Porosity
107
Which type of fabric is best? Why?
Warp-faced; sturdiest
108
The fabric runs horizontally
Railroading
109
The fabric runs vertically
Up the bolt (has higher durability)
110
What is the standard for carpets and rugs?
Wool
111
What is the most widely used carpet and rug textile?
Nylon
112
97% of fabrics are:
Tufted (extra yarns are punched in)
113
What is the rule for carpet flammability?
It must self-extinguish within 3 inches and with acceptable levels of toxic gas.
114
Woven carpets with a jacquard attachment account for what percent of carpets today?
2%
115
What is the difference between terry cloth and velour (bath towels)?
Terry cloth has better performance, and velour is more decorative.
116
What are threat textiles for colorfastness to exposure to UV light?
Glass, acrylic, and polyester
117
Which is better: cut or uncut loop?
Uncut loop
118
Which bed sheet is cheapest to make?
Muslin (carded)
119
Which bed sheet is the most expensive?
Sateen (combed)
120
What type of cotton fiber is the most comfortable?
Longer fibers
121
What are the best quality bed sheets?
Pima and Egyptian cottons, with high thread cottons, with satin weave
122
What type of upholstery filling is most expensive?
Down feathers
123
What is the cheapest type of upholstery filling? Why is this bad?
Shredded foam particles; they feel soft at first, but quickly sink under pressure, and separate rather than stay together.
