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Textiles > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 methods of printing?

A
  1. Screen printing
  2. Roller printing
  3. Heat Transfer
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2
Q

What is screen printing?

A
  • Uses fine mesh fabric of polyester, nylon, or metal that is either mounted on a frame or rolled onto a cylinder
  • Covered with opaque film
  • Placed over fabric
  • Print paste is forced through mesh screen
    • each color requires a new screen
    • known for t-shirt
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3
Q

What are the 3 types of screen print systems?

A
  1. Hand screen printing (50 yds/hour)
  2. Automatic/Flat Bed Printing (250-450 yds/hour)
  3. Rotary screen printing (2500 yds/hour)
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4
Q

Which method of screen printing is most economical? Why?

A

Rotary screen printing (2500 yds/hour)

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5
Q

What is roller printing?

A
  • High speed process comparable to newspaper printing
  • Prints 6500 yds/hour
  • It is uneconomical unless there is going to be a large yardage of each color run produced
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6
Q

What is the process of setting the color in screen and roller printing?

A

Aging (pressure string at high temperature)
Soap baths (removes thickeners, print paste)
Rinsing (several rinses and drying)
Curing (printed fabric subjected to dry heat at 400 degrees)

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7
Q

What is heat transfer printing?

A
  • Also called “thermal transfer”
  • Design is printed on transfer paper with ink containing disperse dyes
    • heat is applied as fabric passes, the dye sublimates onto the surface of the fabric
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8
Q

What is digital printing?

A
  • Recently used for textile printing
  • Similar to ink jet printer used on office paper
  • Can produce complex photographic imagery that cannot be done with traditional types of textile printing
  • Slow process due to technical limitations, but can be economical for small yardage
  • Environmentally friendly
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9
Q

Wears off, making fabric appear faded; low colorfastness

A

Low abrasion resistance

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10
Q

Method typically used in hand screen printing

A

Wet on dry

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11
Q

Method creates a third color called a fall on

A

Wet on wet

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12
Q

Gradual shading of light-dark in same color of pattern

A

Halftone

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13
Q

Sample yards of print to full-scale printing

A

Strike off

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14
Q

Which printing method is best?

A

It depends on end use:

  1. Screen printing: interiors
  2. Roller printing: apparel
  3. Heat transfer method: knit fabrics
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15
Q

What are the 3 basic types of prints?

A
  1. Direct
  2. Discharge
  3. Resist
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16
Q

What are the 2 types of direct print?

A
  1. Application prints

2. Overprints

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17
Q

Design is printed directly on white fabric of greige good

A

Application prints

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18
Q

Direct prints on previously dyed fabrics

A

Overprints

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19
Q

What is discharge print?

A
  • Fabrics are dyed, then printed with a print paste containing a strong chemical that removes the color
  • Not done as much due to the damage caused by color removal
  • Example: polka dots
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20
Q

What are resist prints?

A
  • A pattern is printed with resisting agent that prevents dye penetration, then fabric is dyed
  • Fabric may be white or piece dyed
  • Used in craft or hand printings
  • Batiks
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21
Q

Resists prints that use hot wax

A

Batiks

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22
Q

Background made by printing rather than piece dyeing

A

Blotch print

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23
Q

Fibers adhered to fabric

A

Flock prints

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24
Q

Overall print used to imitate suede, velvet, or velour

A

Flocking

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25
Q

Design is created using dyed warp yarns

A

Warp prints

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26
Q

Chemicals used to destroy fibers

A

Burn-out prints

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27
Q

Both sides of fabric are printed

A

Duplex prints

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28
Q

Combine multiple features in one product

A

Engineered prints

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29
Q

Smears, smudges

A

Color drag

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30
Q

Patterns that aren’t sharp

A

Fuzzy patterns

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31
Q

Pattern parts don’t match

A

Off-registers

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32
Q

Marks caused by the stopping and restarting of the printing machine

A

Stop marks

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33
Q

Weakened areas in fabric

A

Tender spots

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34
Q

Final process before fabric is cut into apparel or other goods

A

Finishing

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35
Q

Able to be laundered many times without any diminishing

A

Permanent

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36
Q

Slightly finishes after laundering

A

Durable

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37
Q

Lasts through several launderings

A

Semi-durable

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38
Q

Only launderable once

A

Temporary

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39
Q

Removes warp starches

A

Desizing

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40
Q

Removes oils

A

Solvent scouring

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41
Q

Removes cellulosic materials

A

Carbonizing

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42
Q

Used on natural fibers to produce a pure white

A

Bleaching

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43
Q

Used to enhance bleached fabrics

A

Optical brightener

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44
Q

Chemicals applied as wet finishes that aid in the finishing process

A

Resins

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45
Q

What are some of the side effects of resin?

A
  • Stiffness
  • Shrinkage resistance
  • Loss of absorbency
  • Reduction in abrasion resistance
  • Offensive odors
  • Affinity for oily soils
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46
Q

High speed, high pressure,mores sing of fabric that results in softer and smoother fabrics with higher luster

A

Calendaring

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47
Q

What are the different types of calendaring?

A
  1. Glazed
  2. Cire
  3. Embossed
  4. Moire
  5. Schreiner
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48
Q

Type of calendaring treated with starches

A

Glazed calendaring

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49
Q

Type of calendaring treated with waxes

A

Cire Calendaring

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50
Q

Type of calendaring that has a 3D effect

A

Embossed calendaring

51
Q

Type of calendaring that is treated with resin to gain permanent design

A

Moire calendaring

52
Q

Type of calendaring that must be treated with a resin performance on thermoplastic fibers to be permanent

A

Schreiner calendaring

53
Q

Aromatic or odor neutralizing, uses microcapsules that ruptured as a result of movement or abrasion

A

Fragrances

54
Q

Permanent finish used on wool fabrics, induces felting shrinkage, wools become smoother and more compact with tightly embedded yarns

A

Fulling

55
Q

Permanent finish that is applied to cotton yarns and fabrics using sodium hydroxide (lye), increased luster, strength, and dye affinity

A

Mercerized ion

56
Q

Manipulation of low twist filling yarns that are brushed to form a surface nap

A

Napping

57
Q

Similar to napping, except it uses sandpaper-like material instead of brushes

A

Sueding

58
Q

Permanent finish that uses cotton and sodium hydroxide (lye) to create a puckered effect

A

Plissé

59
Q

Use of high speed cutting machine that evenly cuts the end of surface fibers

A

Shearing

60
Q

Starches and resins are used to make a fabric more crisp and stiff (crinolin, lawn, voile)

A

Stiffening

61
Q

Stiff and transparent (organdy)

A

Acid stiffening

62
Q

Mechanical/chemical finish using to improve the hand and drape of fabric, silicone finishes are permanent, oils and waxes are semi-durable

A

Softening

63
Q

Dyeing in a localized patterned area

A

Printing

64
Q

What are the 3 types of denim finishes (finishes that make denim appear worn and faded)?

A
  1. Stone washing (pumice stones)
  2. Acid washing (pumice stones and bleach)
  3. Cellulase (pumice stones, bleach, and cellulase enzyme)
65
Q

What are antimicrobial finishes?

A

Durable chemical agents that inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi, and are important for items in contact with the skin (such as surgical gowns and shoe linings)

66
Q

What are examples of antistatic finishes (semi-durable finishes used to reduce or eliminate static)?

A

Fabric softeners and sheets

Also carpets, non-cling, and electronic equipment

67
Q

How do you get a wrinkle or crease resistant finishes? What are examples of these?

A

Resin applied to fabrics made of low-resilience fibers

Crease resistant finishes-still need to be ironed
Durable press finishes-don’t need to be ironed

68
Q

What are flame resistant finishes? What is an example of this?

A

Result of the Flammable Fabrics Act

-children’s sleepwear

69
Q

What are soil release finishes?

A
  • For removal of oily soils in hydrophobic fibers
  • Most are durable through 40-50 washings
  • work clothes, table cloths, carpets
70
Q

What are water repellents?

A
  • Waxes and emulsions used to coat the yarns before weaving, which allows water to be repelled while permitting the passage of air
  • Do not provide protection in long, continual exposure to wet weather
  • Nondurable or durable
71
Q

What are waterproof coated fabrics?

A
  • Coated/laminated with a film of natural or synthetic rubber or plastic
  • Completely moisture proof
  • May be uncomfortable
72
Q

What are mothproof finishes?

A
  • Chemical finish
  • Temporary or permanent
  • Protect animal fibers from moths and beetles
73
Q

What are UV protectors and sun protective finishes?

A

Added to fabrics to protect the skin from harmful UV radiation

74
Q

What are the aesthetic finishes?

A

Calendaring, Fragrance, Fulling, Mercerization, Napping/Sueding, Plissé, Shearing, Softening, Stiffening, Stone/Acid Washing

75
Q

What are the functional finishes?

A

Antimicrobial, Antistatic, Crease Resistant, Durable Press, Flame Resistant, Mothproof, UV, Water/Stain Repellent, Waterproof

76
Q

What are the 2 methods of cleaning?

A

Laundering and Dry Cleaning

77
Q

What are the 2 soil types?

A
  1. Water soluble soils - dissolved/removed in water

2. Non-water soluble - require detergent or soap, water and heat, or a solvent

78
Q

What should you clean garments and fabrics regularly?

A
  • garments are fabrics will last longer
  • the accumulation of perspiration, grit, and dust can shorten garment life
  • the delay in cleaning a stain may cause the stain to set in permanently
79
Q

What is laundering?

A

The common method of renovation for washable textile products. It uses water and cleansers, and sometimes additives for soil removal

80
Q

What are laundering factors?

A
  • cleansers/auxiliary agents
  • water quality and temperature
  • ratio of fabric to water and amount of cleanser
  • color fading (sort by color)
  • fiber content
  • care labels
81
Q

What are the differences in fiber content (hydrophilic and hydrophobic)?

A
  • Hydrophilic: absorb all soils but clean more easily due to liquid penetration
  • Hydrophobic: attract oily stains but are harder to clean due to lack of liquid penetration
82
Q

What are soaps?

A

Sodium salts of a fatty acid

83
Q

What happens to soap in hard water in a bathtub?

A

Soap curds form rings around the tub

84
Q

What does hard water require?

A

Larger amounts of soap

85
Q

Does soap work better in hard or soft water?

A

Soft water; it has less mineral deposits

86
Q

Usually synthetic; dissolves easily; doesn’t form curds in hard water

A

Detergent

Usually requires larger amounts of detergents when used in hard water

87
Q

How do soaps/detergents work?

A

They remove soil by:

  • enabling water to wet the fabric better
  • using too little soap/detergent causes soil redeposition
  • using too much causes soil redeposition and graying
88
Q

Used on white fabrics to oxidize coloring matter (stains) and reduces wear life of garment significantly

A

Bleaches

89
Q

Washable whites only, never use on spandex or protein fibers

A

Chlorine Bleaches

90
Q

Safe for all fabrics, but is more costly and slower to work

A

Non-Chlorine Bleach

91
Q

“Optical brighteners” or “whitening agents” that increases light reflection, and does not clean the clothes, but rather masks the soil to make dingy, yellow, gray fabrics look white

A

Fluorescent brightener

92
Q

Combine with minerals (magnesium and calcium) that cause the water to be hard

A

Water softeners

93
Q

Provide lubricant on the surface

A

Fabric softeners

94
Q

Restores body of limp fibers (resin added to the laundry or a spray-on used with ironing)

A

Starches

95
Q

Mask odors from the chemicals in the product

A

Fragrances

96
Q

Made of enzymes that break down protein stains, not good to use on protein fibers

A

Pretreatment products

97
Q

Process by which articles being cleaned are immersed in a solvent, not water

A

Dry Cleaning

98
Q

Solvent: most common, oldest synthetic, issues with toxins and carcinogens

A

Perchlorethylene

99
Q

Solvents: second most used, will not burn easily, air pollution=minimal

A

Hydrocarbons

100
Q

Solvents: slightly flammable, low price, replaced gasoline

A

Stoddards

101
Q

Solvents: expensive, environmentally friendly, new machines

A

Liquid CO

102
Q

Items that have been stained that are insoluble must be _______ before dry cleaning. Make the dry cleaner aware of this.

A

Spot cleaned

103
Q

Textiles for interiors are (more/less) expensive, have (more/less) picks per inch, and (more/less) dye penetration.

A

More, more, more

104
Q

Does upholstery have to be flame-resistant by law?

A

No; it is self-regulated by the industry.

105
Q

What are the two types of classes of interior textiles?

A

Commercial and residential

106
Q

Airs out the fabric (hint: similar to pores)

A

Porosity

107
Q

Which type of fabric is best? Why?

A

Warp-faced; sturdiest

108
Q

The fabric runs horizontally

A

Railroading

109
Q

The fabric runs vertically

A

Up the bolt (has higher durability)

110
Q

What is the standard for carpets and rugs?

A

Wool

111
Q

What is the most widely used carpet and rug textile?

A

Nylon

112
Q

97% of fabrics are:

A

Tufted (extra yarns are punched in)

113
Q

What is the rule for carpet flammability?

A

It must self-extinguish within 3 inches and with acceptable levels of toxic gas.

114
Q

Woven carpets with a jacquard attachment account for what percent of carpets today?

A

2%

115
Q

What is the difference between terry cloth and velour (bath towels)?

A

Terry cloth has better performance, and velour is more decorative.

116
Q

What are threat textiles for colorfastness to exposure to UV light?

A

Glass, acrylic, and polyester

117
Q

Which is better: cut or uncut loop?

A

Uncut loop

118
Q

Which bed sheet is cheapest to make?

A

Muslin (carded)

119
Q

Which bed sheet is the most expensive?

A

Sateen (combed)

120
Q

What type of cotton fiber is the most comfortable?

A

Longer fibers

121
Q

What are the best quality bed sheets?

A

Pima and Egyptian cottons, with high thread cottons, with satin weave

122
Q

What type of upholstery filling is most expensive?

A

Down feathers

123
Q

What is the cheapest type of upholstery filling? Why is this bad?

A

Shredded foam particles; they feel soft at first, but quickly sink under pressure, and separate rather than stay together.

Textiles (3 decks)

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