Exam 3 Flashcards
shared, integrated, and symbolic pattern of human knowledge
primary means for adapting to the environment
flexible and learned
Culture
the beliefs and ideas concerning existence and reality
World View
development of novel solutions to problems (both technical and conceptual)
Innovation
borrowing, trading, adopting
Diffusion
loss of a culture
Extinction
the increases intensification of interactions and increased movement of human culture
Globalization
Divergence from cultures norms
Deviance
cultures improve and become more civilized
Cultural Evolutionism
some cultures are creative while others are not
independent inventions followed by borrowing and trading
W.H.R. Rivers
diffusionism
function to satisfy biological needs
- protection satisfies safety
- activity satisfies movement
- ect…
Bronislaw Malinowski
Functionalism
each culture and history is unique
Franz Boas
historical Particularism
each culture has a distinct personality type
Ruth Benedict
culture and personality
culture is shaped by the enviornment
Julian Steward
cultural Ecology
formal description of a culture
Ethnography
the study of allocation, production, distribution, and consumption of resources
Economics
reliance on wild food resources
hunting, gathering edible and medicinal plants, fishing
Foraging
the herding of domesticated animals
Pastoralism
cycled gardens, no permanently cultivated fields
Horticulture
the creation of artificial ecosystems, with domesticated biota
Agriculture
the study of human language both past and present
Linguistic Anthropology
describe and preserve human language
Descriptive Linguistics
Human language evolution
Historical Linguistics
social and cultural contexts of human language
Sociolinguistics
a system of arbitrary symbols used to encode, communicate, and transmit culture
Language
regional or class variations of a language that are mutually intelligible differences in pronunciation, accent, vocab, ect.
Dialect
open- infinite number of meanings can be expressed
stimulus free- we don’t need to experience something to talk about it
flexible- capable of invention
human language
group of relatd languages that all derive from a common protolanguage
language family
the use of all fields of anthropology to address problems
applied anthropology
participant observation
cultural data gathering teqniqe:
involves- gaining trust, living with the culture, learning language, ect
document details- language, maps, politics, technology, ect
Cultural filters
prohibits you from fully understanding another culture due to your structured veiws
