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Lifespan Development > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Middle Childhood Physical Development

A
  1. Growth slow and steady
  2. Lowest BMI at this time
  3. Advancement occurs in balance, strength, coordination, agility, and reaction time
  4. Boys slightly taller and more muscular
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2
Q

What disease of the eye occurs during middle childhood?

A

Nearsightedness (Myopia)

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3
Q

Middle Childhood Fine Motor

A

Writing improves and becomes smaller and neater

Fine motor skills will reach adult maturity by the end of middle childhood

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4
Q

Malnutrition in Middle Childhood

A

Problem even for resilient children

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5
Q

Obesity in Middle Childhood

A

Overweight and obesity highest in most affluent regions

Environmental, microflora, and epigenetic influences

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6
Q

Overweight

A

BMI at or above the 85th percentile and lower than the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex

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7
Q

Obesity

A

Defined as a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex

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8
Q

Illness and Injuries of Middle Childhood

A

Death rates lower than any other time period
Asthma tends to have higher rates with boys at higher risk
Most common cause of injury are automobile/bike accidents

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9
Q

Cognitive Development of Middle Childhood

A

Concrete Operations stage

New abilities in conservation, classification, and seriation

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10
Q

Concrete Operations Stage

A

Child is able to use mental operations to organize and manipulate information mentally

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11
Q

Faults in Piaget’s Theory

A
  1. Underestimated ages
  2. Focused on mastery and not ability
  3. Exposure to tasks and materials affects concrete operational thought
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12
Q

ADHD

A

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness

Treatments include medication (amphetamines), behavioral therapy, and both

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13
Q

Information Processing of Middle Childhood

A

Selective attention
Increased use of mnemonics such as rehearsal, organization, and elaboration
Understanding how memory works (metamemory)

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14
Q

Intelligence Testing of Middle Childhood

A

Weschler Intelligence Test

Intelligence is impacted by genes and environment

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15
Q

Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence

A 
Linguistic
Logical-mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Bodily-kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
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16
Q

Sternberg’s Theory of Intelligence

A

Analytical Intelligence
Creative Intelligence
Practical Intelligence

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17
Q

Language Development of Middle Childhood

A

Involves vocabulary, grammar, and pragmatics

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18
Q

Reading During Middle Childhood

A

Two major approaches:

  1. Phonics: simple phonics to longer sentences and structures
  2. Whole-language: focus on the meaning of written language
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19
Q

Math Skills of Middle Childhood

A

Numeracy: understanding numbers develops in first couple of weeks
Simple addition and subtraction by five

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20
Q

Erikson’s Stage of Middle Childhood

A

Industry vs. Inferiority

Children need to cope with new social and academic demands and success is great, while failure brings inferiority

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21
Q

Emotional Regulation of Middle Childhood

A

Self-regulation grows
Understanding of ambivalence (no clear right and wrong)
Understand other’s emotions

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22
Q

Friendships of Middle Childhood

A

Based on similarity

Social status becomes important

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23
Q

Aggressive-Rejected

A

Lack impulse control

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24
Q

Aggressive-Withdrawn

A

Internalize problems

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25
Q

Neglected

A

Neither liked nor disliked

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26
Q

Controversial

A

Liked by some, disliked by others, can be aggressive

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27
Q

Bullies

A

Aggression, repetition, power imbalance
Rejected or controversial children
Rejected-withdrawn are victims

28
Q

Adolescence Physical Development

A

Rapid biological growth

Hormonal changes associated with percentage of body fat

29
Q

Estrogen

A

Estradiol production 8 times higher in females

30
Q

Androgen

A

Testosterone is 20 times higher in males

31
Q

Primary Sex Characteristics

A

Related to genitalia

32
Q

Secondary Sex Characteristics

A

Tanner stages
Body hair
Body scent
Breast tissue development

33
Q

Menarche

A

First menstrual period

34
Q

Spermarche

A

First ejaculation

35
Q

Puberty

A

Females start 2 years earlier than males
Girls show depressed moods, negative body images, and eating disorders
Boys show favorable body image, higher popularity, and earlier delinquency

36
Q

Anorexia

A

Intentional self-starvation

  1. Fear of weight gain
  2. Lack of menstruation
  3. Distorted body image
  4. Risk of death or lasting injury
37
Q

Bulimia

A

Tend to maintain normal weight and recognize abnormal eating patterns
Eating and purging

38
Q

Substance Use

A

Experimental
Social
Medicinal
Addictive

39
Q

Cognitive Development of Adolescents

A

Hypothetical-Deductive model
Improve on attention tasks and memory
Zone of proximal development and scaffolding still used

40
Q

Selective Attention

A

Focus on relevant information

41
Q

Divided Attention

A

Two things at once but learning is still detrimentally affected

42
Q

Erikson’s Stage of Adolescence

A

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Focus on social relationships to develop personal identity and sense of self

43
Q

Self-Conceptions

A

Actual self: true self conception
Possible self: what you could become
False self: what is shown to others

44
Q

Self-Esteem

A

Physical appearance and social acceptance extremely important

45
Q

Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development

A

Preconventional
Conventional
Postconventional

46
Q

Preconventional

A

Likelihood of rewards and punishments
Early to middle childhood
Stage 1: punishment/obedience
Stage 2: individualism and purpose

47
Q

Conventional

A

Value conforming to moral others
Stage 3: interpersonal concordance
Stage 4: social systems

48
Q

Postconventional

A

Objective principles of right and wrong
Stage 5: community rights
Stage 6: universal ethics

49
Q

Religion in Adolescence

A

Adolescents in industrialized societies less religious than those in a traditional culture
Religious involvement provides resilience

50
Q

Five Features of Emerging Adulthood

A
  1. Identity exploration
  2. Instability
  3. Self-focus
  4. Feeling in-between
  5. Possibilities
51
Q

Postformal Thinking

A

Stage of cognitive development that follows formal operations and includes advances in pragmatism and reflective judgment

52
Q

Pragmatism

A

Proposes that postformal thinking involves adapting logical thinking to the practical constraints of real-life situations

53
Q

Dialectical Thought

A

Involves a growing awareness that problems often have no clear solution and two opposing strategies or points of view may each have some merit

54
Q

Reflective Judgment

A

Capacity to evaluate the accuracy and logical coherence of evidence and arguments, theorized to develop during emerging adulthood

55
Q

Dualistic Thinking

A

Seeing situations and issues in polarized terms, where an act is either right or wrong

56
Q

Multiple Thinking

A

The belief that there are two or more legitimate views of every issue and it can be difficult to justify one position as the only true or accurate one

57
Q

Relativism

A

A stage of multiple thinking where people are able to recognize the legitimacy competing points of view

58
Q

Exploration

A

Process through which young people construct their identity

59
Q

Diffusion

A

Identity status that combines no exploration with no commitment

60
Q

Moratorium

A

Involves exploration but no commitment

61
Q

Foreclosure

A

Commitment, but no exploration

62
Q

Achievement

A

Preceded by a period of identity moratorium in which exploration takes place

63
Q

Assimilation

A

Leaving behind the ways of one’s ethnic group and adopting the values and way of life of the majority culture

64
Q

Marginality

A

Rejecting one’s culture of origin but also feeling rejected by the majority culture

65
Q

Separation

A

Associating only with members of one’s own ethnic group and rejecting the ways of the majority of origin and one based on the majority culture

66
Q

Religion in Emerging Adulthood

A

40% agnostic/atheist

Lifespan Development (3 decks)

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