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Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Middle Childhood Physical Development

A
  1. Growth slow and steady
  2. Lowest BMI at this time
  3. Advancement occurs in balance, strength, coordination, agility, and reaction time
  4. Boys slightly taller and more muscular
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2
Q

What disease of the eye occurs during middle childhood?

A

Nearsightedness (Myopia)

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3
Q

Middle Childhood Fine Motor

A

Writing improves and becomes smaller and neater

Fine motor skills will reach adult maturity by the end of middle childhood

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4
Q

Malnutrition in Middle Childhood

A

Problem even for resilient children

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5
Q

Obesity in Middle Childhood

A

Overweight and obesity highest in most affluent regions

Environmental, microflora, and epigenetic influences

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6
Q

Overweight

A

BMI at or above the 85th percentile and lower than the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex

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7
Q

Obesity

A

Defined as a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex

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8
Q

Illness and Injuries of Middle Childhood

A

Death rates lower than any other time period
Asthma tends to have higher rates with boys at higher risk
Most common cause of injury are automobile/bike accidents

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9
Q

Cognitive Development of Middle Childhood

A

Concrete Operations stage

New abilities in conservation, classification, and seriation

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10
Q

Concrete Operations Stage

A

Child is able to use mental operations to organize and manipulate information mentally

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11
Q

Faults in Piaget’s Theory

A
  1. Underestimated ages
  2. Focused on mastery and not ability
  3. Exposure to tasks and materials affects concrete operational thought
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12
Q

ADHD

A

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness

Treatments include medication (amphetamines), behavioral therapy, and both

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13
Q

Information Processing of Middle Childhood

A

Selective attention
Increased use of mnemonics such as rehearsal, organization, and elaboration
Understanding how memory works (metamemory)

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14
Q

Intelligence Testing of Middle Childhood

A

Weschler Intelligence Test

Intelligence is impacted by genes and environment

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15
Q

Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence

A 
Linguistic
Logical-mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Bodily-kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
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16
Q

Sternberg’s Theory of Intelligence

A

Analytical Intelligence
Creative Intelligence
Practical Intelligence

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17
Q

Language Development of Middle Childhood

A

Involves vocabulary, grammar, and pragmatics

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18
Q

Reading During Middle Childhood

A

Two major approaches:

  1. Phonics: simple phonics to longer sentences and structures
  2. Whole-language: focus on the meaning of written language
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19
Q

Math Skills of Middle Childhood

A

Numeracy: understanding numbers develops in first couple of weeks
Simple addition and subtraction by five

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20
Q

Erikson’s Stage of Middle Childhood

A

Industry vs. Inferiority

Children need to cope with new social and academic demands and success is great, while failure brings inferiority

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21
Q

Emotional Regulation of Middle Childhood

A

Self-regulation grows
Understanding of ambivalence (no clear right and wrong)
Understand other’s emotions

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22
Q

Friendships of Middle Childhood

A

Based on similarity

Social status becomes important

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23
Q

Aggressive-Rejected

A

Lack impulse control

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24
Q

Aggressive-Withdrawn

A

Internalize problems

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25
Neglected
Neither liked nor disliked
26
Controversial
Liked by some, disliked by others, can be aggressive
27
Bullies
Aggression, repetition, power imbalance Rejected or controversial children Rejected-withdrawn are victims
28
Adolescence Physical Development
Rapid biological growth | Hormonal changes associated with percentage of body fat
29
Estrogen
Estradiol production 8 times higher in females
30
Androgen
Testosterone is 20 times higher in males
31
Primary Sex Characteristics
Related to genitalia
32
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Tanner stages Body hair Body scent Breast tissue development
33
Menarche
First menstrual period
34
Spermarche
First ejaculation
35
Puberty
Females start 2 years earlier than males Girls show depressed moods, negative body images, and eating disorders Boys show favorable body image, higher popularity, and earlier delinquency
36
Anorexia
Intentional self-starvation 1. Fear of weight gain 2. Lack of menstruation 3. Distorted body image 4. Risk of death or lasting injury
37
Bulimia
Tend to maintain normal weight and recognize abnormal eating patterns Eating and purging
38
Substance Use
Experimental Social Medicinal Addictive
39
Cognitive Development of Adolescents
Hypothetical-Deductive model Improve on attention tasks and memory Zone of proximal development and scaffolding still used
40
Selective Attention
Focus on relevant information
41
Divided Attention
Two things at once but learning is still detrimentally affected
42
Erikson's Stage of Adolescence
Identity vs. Role Confusion | Focus on social relationships to develop personal identity and sense of self
43
Self-Conceptions
Actual self: true self conception Possible self: what you could become False self: what is shown to others
44
Self-Esteem
Physical appearance and social acceptance extremely important
45
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
Preconventional Conventional Postconventional
46
Preconventional
Likelihood of rewards and punishments Early to middle childhood Stage 1: punishment/obedience Stage 2: individualism and purpose
47
Conventional
Value conforming to moral others Stage 3: interpersonal concordance Stage 4: social systems
48
Postconventional
Objective principles of right and wrong Stage 5: community rights Stage 6: universal ethics
49
Religion in Adolescence
Adolescents in industrialized societies less religious than those in a traditional culture Religious involvement provides resilience
50
Five Features of Emerging Adulthood
1. Identity exploration 2. Instability 3. Self-focus 4. Feeling in-between 5. Possibilities
51
Postformal Thinking
Stage of cognitive development that follows formal operations and includes advances in pragmatism and reflective judgment
52
Pragmatism
Proposes that postformal thinking involves adapting logical thinking to the practical constraints of real-life situations
53
Dialectical Thought
Involves a growing awareness that problems often have no clear solution and two opposing strategies or points of view may each have some merit
54
Reflective Judgment
Capacity to evaluate the accuracy and logical coherence of evidence and arguments, theorized to develop during emerging adulthood
55
Dualistic Thinking
Seeing situations and issues in polarized terms, where an act is either right or wrong
56
Multiple Thinking
The belief that there are two or more legitimate views of every issue and it can be difficult to justify one position as the only true or accurate one
57
Relativism
A stage of multiple thinking where people are able to recognize the legitimacy competing points of view
58
Exploration
Process through which young people construct their identity
59
Diffusion
Identity status that combines no exploration with no commitment
60
Moratorium
Involves exploration but no commitment
61
Foreclosure
Commitment, but no exploration
62
Achievement
Preceded by a period of identity moratorium in which exploration takes place
63
Assimilation
Leaving behind the ways of one's ethnic group and adopting the values and way of life of the majority culture
64
Marginality
Rejecting one's culture of origin but also feeling rejected by the majority culture
65
Separation
Associating only with members of one's own ethnic group and rejecting the ways of the majority of origin and one based on the majority culture
66
Religion in Emerging Adulthood
40% agnostic/atheist

Lifespan Development (3 decks)

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