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Bio 108 > EXAM 3 > Flashcards

EXAM 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Makes guard cells open

A

Light, specifically blue light

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2
Q

3 components that make water rise

A

Transpiration, cohesion, and adhesion

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3
Q

A place where sugar is made or stored.

A

Source

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4
Q

Reduction is a _________ of energy.

A

gain

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5
Q

A ________ reaction is one in which a compound is synthesized or made.

A

Anabolic

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6
Q

What reaction REQUIRES an input of energy?

A

Anabolic

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7
Q

What type of reaction is phosphorylation?

A

Anabolic

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8
Q

What causes sugar to move through plants?

A

A source. Mass or Pressure flow hypothesis

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9
Q

What increases transpiration?

A

Increase in temp, increase in light, change of soil to sandy, high winds, low humidity.

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10
Q

What regulates transpiration?

A

Guard cells

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11
Q

What is a sink?

A

Where energy is used or stored.

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12
Q

Structural adaptations that decrease transpiration?

A

Thick cuticle, small leaves, no leaves, rosette shape, trichomes, spines

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13
Q

What causes water molecules to cling to each other and to the xylem?

A

Cohesion

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14
Q

Compound loses energy:

A

oxidation

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15
Q

Where do light reactions occur?

A

Thylakoid membrane

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16
Q

Energy to make sugar comes from:

A

CO2, the air

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17
Q

Location of Calvin Cycle:

A

Stroma

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18
Q

Essence of light reaction:

A

Get energy from protons & store it in ATP and NADPH

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19
Q

Essence of Calvin Cycle:

A

Used stored energy from ATP and NADPH2 to make sugar

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20
Q

Equation for photosynthesis:

A

CO2+H2O+Light+Chlorophyl+Enzymes——->O2+ Glucose

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21
Q

Source of Oxygen on earth:

A

Photosynthesis

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22
Q

Plants absorb _______ light:

A

Blue light, also red and orange

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23
Q

_________ wavelengths have the most energy:

A

Short

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24
Q

Chlorophyll A, Chlorophyll B, Carotenoids are pigments that:

A

Absorb light

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25
Q

What cycle fixes carbon from air to make sugar?

A

Calvin Cycle

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26
Q

What is the important of the absorption spectrum?

A

Have the ability to absorb light through a plant to photosynthesize, allows plants to absorb more light

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27
Q

Products of light reaction:

A

O2, ATP, and NADPH2

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28
Q

Raw materials for Photosynthesis:

A

light, CO2, H2O

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29
Q

C4 Plants:

A

Sugar cane, corn. They photosynthesis faster to increase production. SPACE

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30
Q

CAM Plants:

A

cacti, succulents. Open stomata at night to harvest CO2.

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31
Q

3 Pathways of Respiration:

A

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and Electron Transport cycle

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32
Q

Products: 2 ATP, 2 NADPH, 2 Pyruvic acid:

A

Glycolysis

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33
Q

Products: 2 ATP, NADH, FADH, CO2:

A

Krebs Cycle

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34
Q

This cycle breaks glucose in half:

A

Gylcolysis

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35
Q

Location of glycolysis:

A

cytoplasm

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36
Q

What needs to be present in aerobic respiration?

A

Oxygen

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37
Q

Lactic acid is in:

A

Muscle cells

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38
Q

Aerobic means:

A

Needing Oxygen

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39
Q

Anaerobic means:

A

Does not need oxygen

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40
Q

Energy is harvested in this cycle:

A

Krebs cycle

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41
Q

Energy is released and it is used to make ATP/Process that plants, fungi, animals, break down sugars in to CO2 & H2O (with the presence of O2):

A

Respiration

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42
Q

Products of the ETC:

A

Water and 32 ATP

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43
Q

one molecule of glucose produces____ ATP in anaerobic respiration

A

2 ATP

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44
Q

Great Majority of ATP is made in what cycle?

A

ETC

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45
Q

Products of anaerobic respiration in yeast cells:

A

Ethyl Alcohol+CO2

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46
Q

6 Sepals, 12 petals, 6 stamens:

A

Monocot

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47
Q

Anther+Filament:

A

Male part, Stamen

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48
Q

Sepals, Petals, Stamen:

A

Male, Imperfect, Incomplete

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49
Q

Male Plant:

A

Dioecious

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50
Q

Blue, yellow, white flowers, with sweet nectar:

A

Bees

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51
Q

Sepals, stamen, and petals are attached below ovary:

A

Superior

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52
Q

Haploid generation:

A

Gametophyte

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53
Q

Occurs after nucleus divides into tube and generative nucleus:

A

Then the pollen wall development

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54
Q

1 sperm fertilizes egg, 1 sperm fertilizes fusion nucleus:

A

Double fertilization

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55
Q

Occurs after megaspore nucleus has 3 div —-> 8 nuclei

A

3 to top and 3 to bottom and 2 to middle

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56
Q

Started with 10 chromosomes, ended with 5

A

Meiosis

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57
Q

A long-lived plant that makes spored, diploid:

A

Sporophyte

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58
Q

Red and tubular flowers:

A

Birds, hummingbirds

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59
Q

Pollen grains transferred to stigma:

A

Pollination

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60
Q

Fusion of egg and sperm:

A

Fertilization

61
Q

Coconut, peaches, cherries are:

A

Drupes

62
Q

Apples and pears are:

A

Pome- enlarged receptacle

63
Q

Capsules, legumes, and follicles are:

A

Dehiscent - split

64
Q

Pumpkins and gourds are:

A

Pepo

65
Q

Ovary wall and any other associated tissue:

A

Fruit

66
Q

Fruit of 1 Flower with many pistils:

A

Aggregate

67
Q

Lemons and limes

A

Hesperidium

68
Q

Tomato, blueberries, bananas:

A

Berry

69
Q

3 Parts of a seed:

A

Seed coat, endosperm, embryo

70
Q

Cotyledons arise above ground:

A

Epigeal

71
Q

Scar on seed from pollen tube:

A

Micropyle

72
Q

Where food is stored in monocot seed:

A

Endosperm

73
Q

Forms stem and leaf system:

A

Epicotyl

74
Q

“Belly button” of seed:

A

Hilium

75
Q

Products of light reaction:

A

O2, ATP, NADPH

76
Q

Essence of light reaction:

A

Capture energy from a photon and store it in ATP and NADPH

77
Q

Essence of Calvin Cycle:

A

Use energy in ATP and NADPH to make sugar

78
Q

How does sugar move through a plant?

A

Mass/pressure flow hypothesis. Pressure moves stored sugar to its destination.

79
Q

Process of loss of water vapor from the internal leaf atmosphere:

A

Transpiration

80
Q

Photolysis:

A

Splitting water

81
Q

What is the purpose of photolysis:

A

Replace ejected electrons

82
Q

What is the product of photolysis:

A

O2

83
Q

What do guard cell regulate?

A

Transpiration

84
Q

Path of water?

A

High to low

85
Q

High movement of water is driven by transpiration, adhesion, cohesion and overcomes gravity:

A

Transpiration-Cohesion hypothesis

86
Q

Adhesion is the _______ of water molecules

A

Attachment

87
Q

Cohesion is the __________ of water molecules

A

Attraction

88
Q

What actually override gravity in transpiration?

A

Adhesion

89
Q

What prevents the column of water in the xylem from breaking?

A

Cohesion

90
Q

The movement of sugar in phloem from a _________ to a _____.

A

Source, sink

91
Q

Sugar is used or stored:

A

Sink

92
Q

Sugar is made or stored:

A

Source

93
Q

Catabolic:

A

Release

94
Q

Anabolic:

A

Requires

95
Q

2nd Law of Thermodynamics:

A

Potential energy stored

96
Q

1st Law of Thermodynamics:

A

Has kinetic energy

97
Q

Loses an electron?

A

Oxidation

98
Q

Gain electrons?

A

Reduction

99
Q

If youre a plant, whats the two most important energy transformations?

A

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

100
Q

Leaves are green because they _______ green light.

A

Reflect

101
Q

This step of cellular respiration completely breaks down glucose to produce CO2, ATP, NADH, FADH:

A

Krebs cycle

102
Q

What step of cellular respiration makes 32 ATP?

A

ETC

103
Q

ETC is located on:

A

Inner membrane of the mitochondrion

104
Q

Anaerobic respiration produces how many ATP?

A

2 ATP

105
Q

Essence of cellular respiration?

A

Break down sugar to harvest it and make ATP

106
Q

Cartilaginous center: (apple)

A

Pome

107
Q

No inner partitions:

A

Pepo

108
Q

Central stone or pit:

A

Drupe

109
Q

Inner layer of fruit is known as:

A

Mesocarp

110
Q

3 Layers of the pericarp:

A

Exocarp (outer), Mesocarp (Middle or inner), Endocarp (inside next to seed)

111
Q

Fruit developed from multiple ovaries:

A

Compound

112
Q

A group of flowers bunched together:

A

Inflorescence

113
Q

Involucre:

A

Nut

114
Q

Sunflower family:

A

Achene

115
Q

Winged fruit:

A

Samara

116
Q

Seed fused:

A

Grain

117
Q

Splits at 1 seam:

A

Follicle

118
Q

Splits at 2 seams:

A

Legume

119
Q

Splits at 3 seams:

A

Capsule

120
Q

Dehiscent:

A

Fruit splits opens at maturity

121
Q

Indehiscent:

A

Fruit does not split open

122
Q

Compound aggregate:

A

Single flower separate pistils

123
Q

Compound multiple:

A

Separate ovaries and separate flowers

124
Q

Compound multiple example:

A

Pineapple

125
Q

Compound aggregate:

A

Blackberry

126
Q

Three parts of a seed:

A

seed coat, endosperm, embryo

127
Q

Epigeal

A

Above ground

128
Q

Hypogeal

A

Below ground

129
Q

Fruit ripening hormone?

A

Ethylene

130
Q

Dicot seed:

A

2 cotyledons, large and fleshy, no endosperm

131
Q

Monocot seed:

A

1 cotyledon, endosperm

132
Q

Hormone for adventitious rooting:

A

Auxin

133
Q

The radicle develops into:

A

Endosperm

134
Q

flower parts in multiples of 4 and 5:

A

Dicot

135
Q

Sepals, petals, stamen

A

Imperfect

136
Q

Sporophytes are :

A

Diploid

137
Q

Meiosis does what to chromosomes?

A

Splits in 1/2

138
Q

Meiosis–>4 haploid spores–>Nucleus divides–>pollen wall development–>pollen grain–>anthers dehisce

A

Male gametophyte

139
Q

1 pedicle per flower:

A

Raceme

140
Q

Modified leaves on a modified branch?

A

Flower

141
Q

Why is the study of palynology important?

A

Allergies, crime

142
Q

Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma?

A

Pollination

143
Q

Megaspore–>meiosis—>4 haploid cells—>

A

Female gametophyte

144
Q

What is the product of meiosis?

A

gametophyte

145
Q

Result of fertilization?

A

Sporophyte

146
Q

Diploid generation?

A

Sporophyte

147
Q

Haploid generation?

A

Gametophyte

148
Q

Dicot flower has _______?

A

Vascular cambium

149
Q

Monocot flower lacks _______?

A

VC

Bio 108 (7 decks)

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