EXAM 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Makes guard cells open
A
Light, specifically blue light
2
Q
3 components that make water rise
A
Transpiration, cohesion, and adhesion
3
Q
A place where sugar is made or stored.
A
Source
4
Q
Reduction is a _________ of energy.
A
gain
5
Q
A ________ reaction is one in which a compound is synthesized or made.
A
Anabolic
6
Q
What reaction REQUIRES an input of energy?
A
Anabolic
7
Q
What type of reaction is phosphorylation?
A
Anabolic
8
Q
What causes sugar to move through plants?
A
A source. Mass or Pressure flow hypothesis
9
Q
What increases transpiration?
A
Increase in temp, increase in light, change of soil to sandy, high winds, low humidity.
10
Q
What regulates transpiration?
A
Guard cells
11
Q
What is a sink?
A
Where energy is used or stored.
12
Q
Structural adaptations that decrease transpiration?
A
Thick cuticle, small leaves, no leaves, rosette shape, trichomes, spines
13
Q
What causes water molecules to cling to each other and to the xylem?
A
Cohesion
14
Q
Compound loses energy:
A
oxidation
15
Q
Where do light reactions occur?
A
Thylakoid membrane
16
Q
Energy to make sugar comes from:
A
CO2, the air
17
Q
Location of Calvin Cycle:
A
Stroma
18
Q
Essence of light reaction:
A
Get energy from protons & store it in ATP and NADPH
19
Q
Essence of Calvin Cycle:
A
Used stored energy from ATP and NADPH2 to make sugar
20
Q
Equation for photosynthesis:
A
CO2+H2O+Light+Chlorophyl+Enzymes——->O2+ Glucose
21
Q
Source of Oxygen on earth:
A
Photosynthesis
22
Q
Plants absorb _______ light:
A
Blue light, also red and orange
23
Q
_________ wavelengths have the most energy:
A
Short
24
Q
Chlorophyll A, Chlorophyll B, Carotenoids are pigments that:
A
Absorb light
25
What cycle fixes carbon from air to make sugar?
Calvin Cycle
26
What is the important of the absorption spectrum?
Have the ability to absorb light through a plant to photosynthesize, allows plants to absorb more light
27
Products of light reaction:
O2, ATP, and NADPH2
28
Raw materials for Photosynthesis:
light, CO2, H2O
29
C4 Plants:
Sugar cane, corn. They photosynthesis faster to increase production. SPACE
30
CAM Plants:
cacti, succulents. Open stomata at night to harvest CO2.
31
3 Pathways of Respiration:
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and Electron Transport cycle
32
Products: 2 ATP, 2 NADPH, 2 Pyruvic acid:
Glycolysis
33
Products: 2 ATP, NADH, FADH, CO2:
Krebs Cycle
34
This cycle breaks glucose in half:
Gylcolysis
35
Location of glycolysis:
cytoplasm
36
What needs to be present in aerobic respiration?
Oxygen
37
Lactic acid is in:
Muscle cells
38
Aerobic means:
Needing Oxygen
39
Anaerobic means:
Does not need oxygen
40
Energy is harvested in this cycle:
Krebs cycle
41
Energy is released and it is used to make ATP/Process that plants, fungi, animals, break down sugars in to CO2 & H2O (with the presence of O2):
Respiration
42
Products of the ETC:
Water and 32 ATP
43
one molecule of glucose produces____ ATP in anaerobic respiration
2 ATP
44
Great Majority of ATP is made in what cycle?
ETC
45
Products of anaerobic respiration in yeast cells:
Ethyl Alcohol+CO2
46
6 Sepals, 12 petals, 6 stamens:
Monocot
47
Anther+Filament:
Male part, Stamen
48
Sepals, Petals, Stamen:
Male, Imperfect, Incomplete
49
Male Plant:
Dioecious
50
Blue, yellow, white flowers, with sweet nectar:
Bees
51
Sepals, stamen, and petals are attached below ovary:
Superior
52
Haploid generation:
Gametophyte
53
Occurs after nucleus divides into tube and generative nucleus:
Then the pollen wall development
54
1 sperm fertilizes egg, 1 sperm fertilizes fusion nucleus:
Double fertilization
55
Occurs after megaspore nucleus has 3 div ----> 8 nuclei
3 to top and 3 to bottom and 2 to middle
56
Started with 10 chromosomes, ended with 5
Meiosis
57
A long-lived plant that makes spored, diploid:
Sporophyte
58
Red and tubular flowers:
Birds, hummingbirds
59
Pollen grains transferred to stigma:
Pollination
60
Fusion of egg and sperm:
Fertilization
61
Coconut, peaches, cherries are:
Drupes
62
Apples and pears are:
Pome- enlarged receptacle
63
Capsules, legumes, and follicles are:
Dehiscent - split
64
Pumpkins and gourds are:
Pepo
65
Ovary wall and any other associated tissue:
Fruit
66
Fruit of 1 Flower with many pistils:
Aggregate
67
Lemons and limes
Hesperidium
68
Tomato, blueberries, bananas:
Berry
69
3 Parts of a seed:
Seed coat, endosperm, embryo
70
Cotyledons arise above ground:
Epigeal
71
Scar on seed from pollen tube:
Micropyle
72
Where food is stored in monocot seed:
Endosperm
73
Forms stem and leaf system:
Epicotyl
74
"Belly button" of seed:
Hilium
75
Products of light reaction:
O2, ATP, NADPH
76
Essence of light reaction:
Capture energy from a photon and store it in ATP and NADPH
77
Essence of Calvin Cycle:
Use energy in ATP and NADPH to make sugar
78
How does sugar move through a plant?
Mass/pressure flow hypothesis. Pressure moves stored sugar to its destination.
79
Process of loss of water vapor from the internal leaf atmosphere:
Transpiration
80
Photolysis:
Splitting water
81
What is the purpose of photolysis:
Replace ejected electrons
82
What is the product of photolysis:
O2
83
What do guard cell regulate?
Transpiration
84
Path of water?
High to low
85
High movement of water is driven by transpiration, adhesion, cohesion and overcomes gravity:
Transpiration-Cohesion hypothesis
86
Adhesion is the _______ of water molecules
Attachment
87
Cohesion is the __________ of water molecules
Attraction
88
What actually override gravity in transpiration?
Adhesion
89
What prevents the column of water in the xylem from breaking?
Cohesion
90
The movement of sugar in phloem from a _________ to a _____.
Source, sink
91
Sugar is used or stored:
Sink
92
Sugar is made or stored:
Source
93
Catabolic:
Release
94
Anabolic:
Requires
95
2nd Law of Thermodynamics:
Potential energy stored
96
1st Law of Thermodynamics:
Has kinetic energy
97
Loses an electron?
Oxidation
98
Gain electrons?
Reduction
99
If youre a plant, whats the two most important energy transformations?
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
100
Leaves are green because they _______ green light.
Reflect
101
This step of cellular respiration completely breaks down glucose to produce CO2, ATP, NADH, FADH:
Krebs cycle
102
What step of cellular respiration makes 32 ATP?
ETC
103
ETC is located on:
Inner membrane of the mitochondrion
104
Anaerobic respiration produces how many ATP?
2 ATP
105
Essence of cellular respiration?
Break down sugar to harvest it and make ATP
106
Cartilaginous center: (apple)
Pome
107
No inner partitions:
Pepo
108
Central stone or pit:
Drupe
109
Inner layer of fruit is known as:
Mesocarp
110
3 Layers of the pericarp:
Exocarp (outer), Mesocarp (Middle or inner), Endocarp (inside next to seed)
111
Fruit developed from multiple ovaries:
Compound
112
A group of flowers bunched together:
Inflorescence
113
Involucre:
Nut
114
Sunflower family:
Achene
115
Winged fruit:
Samara
116
Seed fused:
Grain
117
Splits at 1 seam:
Follicle
118
Splits at 2 seams:
Legume
119
Splits at 3 seams:
Capsule
120
Dehiscent:
Fruit splits opens at maturity
121
Indehiscent:
Fruit does not split open
122
Compound aggregate:
Single flower separate pistils
123
Compound multiple:
Separate ovaries and separate flowers
124
Compound multiple example:
Pineapple
125
Compound aggregate:
Blackberry
126
Three parts of a seed:
seed coat, endosperm, embryo
127
Epigeal
Above ground
128
Hypogeal
Below ground
129
Fruit ripening hormone?
Ethylene
130
Dicot seed:
2 cotyledons, large and fleshy, no endosperm
131
Monocot seed:
1 cotyledon, endosperm
132
Hormone for adventitious rooting:
Auxin
133
The radicle develops into:
Endosperm
134
flower parts in multiples of 4 and 5:
Dicot
135
Sepals, petals, stamen
Imperfect
136
Sporophytes are :
Diploid
137
Meiosis does what to chromosomes?
Splits in 1/2
138
Meiosis-->4 haploid spores-->Nucleus divides-->pollen wall development-->pollen grain-->anthers dehisce
Male gametophyte
139
1 pedicle per flower:
Raceme
140
Modified leaves on a modified branch?
Flower
141
Why is the study of palynology important?
Allergies, crime
142
Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma?
Pollination
143
Megaspore-->meiosis--->4 haploid cells--->
Female gametophyte
144
What is the product of meiosis?
gametophyte
145
Result of fertilization?
Sporophyte
146
Diploid generation?
Sporophyte
147
Haploid generation?
Gametophyte
148
Dicot flower has _______?
Vascular cambium
149
Monocot flower lacks _______?
VC
