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Bio 108 > EXAM 1 Handout > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Handout Flashcards

1
Q

97.5% of plants mass:

A

Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Oxygen

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2
Q

Needed in minuet amounts by plants:

A

Micronutrients

Iron, zinc, boron, etc.

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3
Q

Gain or loses electrons:

A

Ionic Bond

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4
Q

Shares electrons unequally

A

Polar Bond

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5
Q

Causes water molecules to be cohesive:

A

Hydrogen

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6
Q

Strongest bonds:

A

Covalent

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7
Q

Weakest bonds:

A

Hydrogen

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8
Q

Adds stability to bonds:

A

Hydrogen

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9
Q

Stores starches

A

Amyloplasts

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10
Q

Stores oils

A

Elioplasts

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11
Q

Differentially permeable:

A

Plamsamembrane

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12
Q

UPS of Cell:

A

Golgi Aparatus

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13
Q

Dominant organelle in a leaf:

A

Chloroplasts

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14
Q

Bumpy membranous channels; site of protein synthesis:

A

Rough ER

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15
Q

Involved in movement in cells; forms scaffolding to provide support to cell:

A

Cytoskeleton

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16
Q

Site of cellular respiration:

A

Mitochondrian

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17
Q

Photosynthesis:

A

Occurs in Chloroplasts

converts CO2->O2

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18
Q

Makes ribosomes:

A

Nucleolus

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19
Q

Makes red peppers red; photosynthesis:

A

Chromoplasts

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20
Q

Fluid filled sacs; crystals:

A

Vacuoles

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21
Q

Science of taxonomy:

A

Identify and classify a plant

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22
Q

-aceae=

A

family

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23
Q

Taxonomic hierarchy order:

A

Species
Genus
Family

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24
Q

Who invented the binomial?

A

Carl Linnaeus

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25
Q

What does the binomial consist of?

A

Genus + Species

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26
Q

Agave utahensis Gentry. Who is Gentry?

A

The author

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27
Q

Define Natural Selection:

A

Individuals that are best adapted to their particular environment, should on average, leave behind more offspring than those that are less adapted.

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28
Q

4 tenets of theory of evolution by means of natural selection:

A

1) Variation
2) Overproduction
3) Competition
4) Survival to reproduce

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29
Q

Absorptive heterotroph, chitin in cell walls:

A

Fungi kingdom

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30
Q

Prokaryote, causes many diseases:

A

Domain bacteria (Eubacteria)

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31
Q

Kingdom Plantae characteristics:

A
  • Eukaryote
  • Autotrophic
  • Cellulose in cell walls
  • Forms and retains embryo
  • Includes non-vascular and vascular plants
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32
Q

This results when all water leaves the plant cell:

A

Plasmolysis

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33
Q

These cells have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles:

A

Prokaryotic

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34
Q

Solution a turgid cell is in:

A

Hypotonic solution

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35
Q

Molecules moving from high to low concentration:

A

Diffusion, Osmosis

36
Q

Major component of cell wall:

A

Cellulose

37
Q

Free living prokaryote that invaded other prokaryote:

A

Endosymbiotic Theory

38
Q

Double membrane & symbiosis:

A

Endosymbiotic Theory

39
Q

Plant, animal, and fungi cells:

A

Eurkayrote

40
Q

Evolved 1.5 billion years ago:

A

Prokaryotes

41
Q

Cell Theory:

A

1) All living organisms are composed of 1/more cells
2) cells are the basic unit of structure for all living things
3) All cells come from other cells

42
Q

Movement of water from high to low:

A

Hypertonic solution

43
Q

Can particles move from low to high?

A

No

44
Q

DNA is replicated:

A

Interphase, S phase

45
Q

Chromosomes move to poles:

A

Anaphase

46
Q

Building of cell wall:

A

Telophase

47
Q

Chromosomes coil up and become visible:

A

Prophase

48
Q

Nucleolus and nuclear membrane disassembled:

A

Prophase

49
Q

Two identical daughter cells:

A

Cytokinesis

50
Q

Organelles doubled:

A

Interphase

51
Q

Chromosomes moves to poles:

A

Anaphase

52
Q

Asexual reproduction produces:

A

2 genetically equal daughter cells

53
Q

Burning of fossil fuels, forest fires, cellular respiration:

A

Carbon cycle

54
Q

Effects of global warming on plants:

A

• Crops
• Species shift
• Changes in phenology (life cycle events,
e.g., flowering, fruiting) that may disrupt food chains, etc.
• CO2 rise may favor some species, resulting in a change in community composition in both native and invasive species.

55
Q

Process that occurs after fresh lava flow in Hawaii:

A

secondary succession

56
Q

Why an alien species can replace a native one:

A

Outcome native species

57
Q

Methods to promote a low carbon diet:

A

• Eat lower on food chain (esp. plants!). • Eat locally and in season. • Eat organic food. • Grow your own food! • Drink domestic bottled water or get a water
filter.
• Not just food miles, but energy consumption to produce food (e.g., refrigeration, greenhouses).
• Don’t waste food.

58
Q

Aloes and agaves, cacti and euphorbias:

A

Desert biome

59
Q

Role of plants in food chain:

A

Primary producers or autotrophs

60
Q

After rocks, lichen, and mosses move in, they….

A

Environment can be sufficiently modified to support a mature community of trees. Can create intermediate communities.

61
Q

Toxins _____ as you move up the food chain:

A

increase

62
Q

Address of an organism:

A

habitat

63
Q

Role an organism plays in the environment:

A

niche

64
Q

Energy levels decrease:

A

As you move up trophic levels

65
Q

UAGUUAG

A

Nitrogenus base in RNA

66
Q

Polysaccharide for structure:

A

cellulose

67
Q

Polysaccharide for storage:

A

Starch

68
Q

Has peptide bonds:

A

Amino acids to form proteins

69
Q

Many C=C double bonds:

A

Polysaccharides

70
Q

C=C bonds broken to create unhealthy plant oil:

A

Trans-Saturated

71
Q

Result of synthesis of protein, carb, or lipid. This compound is the byproduct.

A

Condensation reaction, H2O.

72
Q

Raise good cholesterol, lower bad, decrease inflammation, increase cel membrane permeability:

A

Monosaccharides

73
Q

Raise good cholesterol, lower bad, decrease inflammation, increase cel membrane permeability:

A

HDL. Mono-unsaturated and Poly-unsaturated

74
Q

Primary plant compounds:

A

Compounds that plants need for survival

75
Q

Liquid at room temp, from plants:

A

unsaturated fats, oils

76
Q

Monosaccharides

A

1 sugar, glucose & fructose,

77
Q

Atomic number:

A

On top, # of protons

78
Q

Atomic weight:

A

on bottom, # of protons and neutrons

79
Q

Characteristic of an angiosperm:

A

seed in a vessel

80
Q

2 Characteristics of a plant:

A

Has cellulose in the cell walls, photosynthesis

81
Q

A saturated fat has what types of bonds?

A

No c=c double bonds

82
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Openings that allow transfer of material between cells

83
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Microtubules and microfilaments that support and move substances in the cell

84
Q

Plasma membrane

A

regulates passage of materials into and out of the cell

85
Q

ER

A

Protein synthesis

86
Q

Mitochondrian

A

Cellular respiration

Bio 108 (7 decks)

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