EXAM 1 Handout Flashcards
1
Q
97.5% of plants mass:
A
Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Oxygen
2
Q
Needed in minuet amounts by plants:
A
Micronutrients
Iron, zinc, boron, etc.
3
Q
Gain or loses electrons:
A
Ionic Bond
4
Q
Shares electrons unequally
A
Polar Bond
5
Q
Causes water molecules to be cohesive:
A
Hydrogen
6
Q
Strongest bonds:
A
Covalent
7
Q
Weakest bonds:
A
Hydrogen
8
Q
Adds stability to bonds:
A
Hydrogen
9
Q
Stores starches
A
Amyloplasts
10
Q
Stores oils
A
Elioplasts
11
Q
Differentially permeable:
A
Plamsamembrane
12
Q
UPS of Cell:
A
Golgi Aparatus
13
Q
Dominant organelle in a leaf:
A
Chloroplasts
14
Q
Bumpy membranous channels; site of protein synthesis:
A
Rough ER
15
Q
Involved in movement in cells; forms scaffolding to provide support to cell:
A
Cytoskeleton
16
Q
Site of cellular respiration:
A
Mitochondrian
17
Q
Photosynthesis:
A
Occurs in Chloroplasts
converts CO2->O2
18
Q
Makes ribosomes:
A
Nucleolus
19
Q
Makes red peppers red; photosynthesis:
A
Chromoplasts
20
Q
Fluid filled sacs; crystals:
A
Vacuoles
21
Q
Science of taxonomy:
A
Identify and classify a plant
22
Q
-aceae=
A
family
23
Q
Taxonomic hierarchy order:
A
Species
Genus
Family
24
Q
Who invented the binomial?
A
Carl Linnaeus
25
What does the binomial consist of?
Genus + Species
26
Agave utahensis Gentry. Who is Gentry?
The author
27
Define Natural Selection:
Individuals that are best adapted to their particular environment, should on average, leave behind more offspring than those that are less adapted.
28
4 tenets of theory of evolution by means of natural selection:
1) Variation
2) Overproduction
3) Competition
4) Survival to reproduce
29
Absorptive heterotroph, chitin in cell walls:
Fungi kingdom
30
Prokaryote, causes many diseases:
Domain bacteria (Eubacteria)
31
Kingdom Plantae characteristics:
* Eukaryote
* Autotrophic
* Cellulose in cell walls
* Forms and retains embryo
* Includes non-vascular and vascular plants
32
This results when all water leaves the plant cell:
Plasmolysis
33
These cells have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles:
Prokaryotic
34
Solution a turgid cell is in:
Hypotonic solution
35
Molecules moving from high to low concentration:
Diffusion, Osmosis
36
Major component of cell wall:
Cellulose
37
Free living prokaryote that invaded other prokaryote:
Endosymbiotic Theory
38
Double membrane & symbiosis:
Endosymbiotic Theory
39
Plant, animal, and fungi cells:
Eurkayrote
40
Evolved 1.5 billion years ago:
Prokaryotes
41
Cell Theory:
1) All living organisms are composed of 1/more cells
2) cells are the basic unit of structure for all living things
3) All cells come from other cells
42
Movement of water from high to low:
Hypertonic solution
43
Can particles move from low to high?
No
44
DNA is replicated:
Interphase, S phase
45
Chromosomes move to poles:
Anaphase
46
Building of cell wall:
Telophase
47
Chromosomes coil up and become visible:
Prophase
48
Nucleolus and nuclear membrane disassembled:
Prophase
49
Two identical daughter cells:
Cytokinesis
50
Organelles doubled:
Interphase
51
Chromosomes moves to poles:
Anaphase
52
Asexual reproduction produces:
2 genetically equal daughter cells
53
Burning of fossil fuels, forest fires, cellular respiration:
Carbon cycle
54
Effects of global warming on plants:
• Crops
• Species shift
• Changes in phenology (life cycle events,
e.g., flowering, fruiting) that may disrupt food chains, etc.
• CO2 rise may favor some species, resulting in a change in community composition in both native and invasive species.
55
Process that occurs after fresh lava flow in Hawaii:
secondary succession
56
Why an alien species can replace a native one:
Outcome native species
57
Methods to promote a low carbon diet:
• Eat lower on food chain (esp. plants!). • Eat locally and in season. • Eat organic food. • Grow your own food! • Drink domestic bottled water or get a water
filter.
• Not just food miles, but energy consumption to produce food (e.g., refrigeration, greenhouses).
• Don’t waste food.
58
Aloes and agaves, cacti and euphorbias:
Desert biome
59
Role of plants in food chain:
Primary producers or autotrophs
60
After rocks, lichen, and mosses move in, they....
Environment can be sufficiently modified to support a mature community of trees. Can create intermediate communities.
61
Toxins _____ as you move up the food chain:
increase
62
Address of an organism:
habitat
63
Role an organism plays in the environment:
niche
64
Energy levels decrease:
As you move up trophic levels
65
UAGUUAG
Nitrogenus base in RNA
66
Polysaccharide for structure:
cellulose
67
Polysaccharide for storage:
Starch
68
Has peptide bonds:
Amino acids to form proteins
69
Many C=C double bonds:
Polysaccharides
70
C=C bonds broken to create unhealthy plant oil:
Trans-Saturated
71
Result of synthesis of protein, carb, or lipid. This compound is the byproduct.
Condensation reaction, H2O.
72
Raise good cholesterol, lower bad, decrease inflammation, increase cel membrane permeability:
Monosaccharides
73
Raise good cholesterol, lower bad, decrease inflammation, increase cel membrane permeability:
HDL. Mono-unsaturated and Poly-unsaturated
74
Primary plant compounds:
Compounds that plants need for survival
75
Liquid at room temp, from plants:
unsaturated fats, oils
76
Monosaccharides
1 sugar, glucose & fructose,
77
Atomic number:
On top, # of protons
78
Atomic weight:
on bottom, # of protons and neutrons
79
Characteristic of an angiosperm:
seed in a vessel
80
2 Characteristics of a plant:
Has cellulose in the cell walls, photosynthesis
81
A saturated fat has what types of bonds?
No c=c double bonds
82
Plasmodesmata
Openings that allow transfer of material between cells
83
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules and microfilaments that support and move substances in the cell
84
Plasma membrane
regulates passage of materials into and out of the cell
85
ER
Protein synthesis
86
Mitochondrian
Cellular respiration
