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Neuro > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

brain localization - motor aprosody

A

fronta - broca’s on right.

inflect speech with emotion

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2
Q

CN VIII Action

A

Vestibular N.

Sensory: Hearing, Balance

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3
Q

CN VII Action

A

Facial N.
Motor: Facial Muscles, stapedius m., orbicularis occuli
Sensory: Taste (Ant 2/3 of tongue), salivation (submandibular, sublingual), lacrimation

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4
Q

Which cranial nuclei have pre-ganglionic parasympatheic output

A

3, 7, 9, 10

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5
Q

Most common mvmt disorder of adults

A

RLS, ET, PD

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6
Q

Rebound reflex

A

increase ROM with lack of normal recoil

cerebellar dz

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7
Q

Corneal Blink Reflex

A 
A: Spinal cord nuc of V
E: motor nuc of VII
1st: skin near eye --> spinal nuc of V with body in trigeminal ganglion
2nd: to VPM of thalamus
3rd: to post central gyrus
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8
Q

brain localization - Vision

A

Occiptial
Occipitotemporal - what
Occipotparietal - where

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9
Q

IV lesion

A

Eyes gazed upward

head tilt

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10
Q

Weber Test

A

Conduction: Louder in affected
SN: louder in unaffected

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11
Q

V nulcei

A

Mesencephalic - upper pons - lateral
Motor nuclei - mid pons (medial)
Sensory nuclei - mid pons - lateral
Spinal - lower pons - from sensory nuc.

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12
Q

CN IX Action

A

Glossopharyngeal N. - BOTH
Motor: Stylopharyngeus (swallowing) - nucleus ambiguous)
Sensory: Posterior 2/3 of tongue (taste - n. solitary; P/T - spinal Nuc V), Carotid Bodies (n. Solitary)

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13
Q

Conduction aphasia

A

damage of arcuate fasciculus

repetition defecit

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14
Q

Dysiadochokinesia

A

impairment of rapid alt. movement

pronation/supination, tapping fingers

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15
Q

XII lesion

A

if LMN deviates to side with lesion
if UMN away from lesion
both atrophy

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16
Q

VII nuclei

A

lower pons - anterior lateral to VI, wraps around and exits more laterally to VI.

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17
Q

Hemineglect

A 
ignore one side of the body.
Right - surveys both sides of the body
left only surveys right.
Left hemisphere lesion is more severe
but Right - leads to left hemineglect
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18
Q

brain localization - Writing

A

Left Parietal

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19
Q

Corneal Reflex A/E

A

A: Spinal Nuc V
E: Motor Nuc VII

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20
Q

Selegiline

A

MAO inhibitor to promote packaging of NT in vesicles

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21
Q

Gag Reflex

A

Sensory/Afferent IX to spinal trigeminal nuc to nucleus ambiguous to motor loop
Output/motor - X

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22
Q

Pathway of CN III

A

Middle cranial fossa through superior orbital fissure

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23
Q

which aphasia has poor naming

A

all

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24
Q

how to treat open angle glaucoma

A

Pilocarpine + Apartonidine + timolol
Acetazolamide
Mannitol or Glycerol

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25
Q

pathway of CN IX

A

Posterior cranial fossa through jugular foramen

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26
Q

Pramipexole

A

D2 Receptor Agonist

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27
Q

Brocas area

A

inferior frontal lobe
44 and 45
language fluency - full comprehension

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28
Q

Ageusia

A

total loss of taste

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29
Q

which aphasia have poor comprehension

A

wernickes and global

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30
Q

Cholinergic Agonists

A

contract ciliary M. to increase outflow of aqeuous humor

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31
Q

brain localization - Visuospacial function

A

Right parietal

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32
Q

Beta blockers action

A

reduces aqueous humor production at epithelium

used in open angle glaucoma

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33
Q

Simulatenagonisa

A

inability to visualize stimulus simultaneously

due to lesion in occipital lobe

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34
Q

Basal Ganglia lesion

A

resting tremor

Hypo/hyperkinetic

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35
Q

brain localization - Audition

A

Temporal

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36
Q

brain localization - voluntary movement

A

frontal

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37
Q

Spinal Nucleus of V is equivalent to

A

Substantia Gelatinosa - pain and temperature

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38
Q

global aphasia

A

descruction of entire parayslvian zone

no language and right hemiplegia

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39
Q

Movement of Superior Oblique

A

down and inward

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40
Q

X Lesion

A

Uvula deviation away from side of lesion

vocal cord paralysis

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41
Q

Brimonidine

A

alpha 2 antagonist to increase aqueous outflow in open angle glaucoma
sounds like clonidine

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42
Q

CN XI Action

A

Accessory

Motor: SCM and Trapezius (head turn and shoulder shrug)

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43
Q

V2

A

maxillary

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44
Q

Hemiparetic gait

A

unilateral UMN injury.
affected side has arm flexed, adducted and internally rotated.
circumduction, foot drop, hypotonia

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45
Q

Pilocarpine

A

cholinergic agonists used to treat open angle glaucoma

contract ciliary M. to increase outflow of aqeuous humor

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46
Q

What is Ataxia

A

Dysmetria
Dysiadochokinesia
Decomposition of movement

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47
Q

V3

A

mandibular

Afferent and Efferent jaw reflex

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48
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

A

reduce formation of bicarbonate to reduce fluid trasnport

used to treat open angle glaucoma

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49
Q

Diplegic Gait

A

LE spasticity is worse than UE
narrow base, dragging, scissoring gait
due to cereberal palsy

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50
Q

brain localization - Sensory Prosody

A

comprehension of emotion in speech

Equivalent of Wernicke’s on right (temporal)

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51
Q

Neuropathic gait

A

foot drop, lift leg high
Unilatera - peroneal palsy
BL: seen in ALS, CMT

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52
Q

VI nuclei

A

lower pons - medial to VII

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53
Q

brain localization -Attention to CL side of space

A

Parietal

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54
Q

what part of brain is language production

A

Brocas - frontal left

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55
Q

Pathway of CN XI

A

posterior cranial fossa through jugular foramen and foramen magnum

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56
Q

Dorzolamide

A

topical CA inhibitor used to treat open angle glaucoma

reduce formation of bicarbonate to reduce fluid trasnport.

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57
Q

Executive function brain localization -

A

Frontal - dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

plan, carry out goal directed

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58
Q

brain localization - Visual Perception

A

occipital

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59
Q

Solitary Nucleus

A

Special sensory - taste from 7, 9, and 10

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60
Q

Comportment - brain localization -

A

frontal orbitofrontal cortex

maintain appropraite behavior during strong emotions

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61
Q

pathway of CN II

A

Middle cranial fossa through optic canal

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62
Q

Gag Reflex A/E

A

A: glossopharyngeal IX
E: nucleus ambuguous X

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63
Q

Gag Reflex Afferent and Efferent

A 
IX sensory
X motor (nucleus ambiguous)
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64
Q

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

A

> 50
downward gaze, scared look, early onset postural instability, retrocollis - neck extension
Basal ganglia, brainstem, cortex, dentate nucleus, spinal cord are affected with neurofibrillary tangles, lewy bodies,

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65
Q

Agraphia

A

acquired writing disorder

66
Q

Abnormal check reflex

A

when you pull on arm and unable to stop

sign of cerebellar dz

67
Q

Agnosia

A

impaired visual, auditory, tactile recognition

68
Q

CN nuclei in midbrain

A

III and IV

69
Q

Choreiform gait

A

hyperkinetic gait - disorders, jerky,

70
Q

Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

A

conjugate gaze palsy
lesion in MLF that coordinates horizontal gaze
Ipsilateral: impaired adduction
Contralateral: nystagmus due to overstimualtion of CN VI
normal convergence

71
Q

Alpha 2 antagonists action

A

mainly increases aqueous humor outflow (some decrease in formation)

72
Q

Sensory vs. mesencephalic vs Spinal Nuc of V

A

Sensory: touch and vibration of face
Spinal: pain and tmeperature of face
Mesencephalic: proprioception of face

73
Q

CN VI Action

A

Abducens

MOTOR: Lateral Rectus

74
Q

Dysosmia

A

altered or distorted sense of smell

75
Q

Pronator drift is due to..

A

pyramidal tract dysunction, parietal bloce, ipsilatera cerebellar dz

76
Q

Ataxic gait

A

cerebellar disorder, wide base, drunken, staggering, no tandem gait.

77
Q

VIII nuclei

A

lower pons and upper medulla

78
Q

Memory brain localization -

A

Temporal - hippocampus

79
Q

dysarthria

A

speed disorder due to motor impairment

80
Q

which aphasia are fluent

A

Wernickes and conduction

81
Q

Movement of Inferior oblique

A

up and outward

82
Q

Apraxia

A

impaired ability to learn movements

83
Q

Rinne Test

A

Air >Bone Conudction: Bone>Air; SN Air=Bone

84
Q

Alexia

A

acquired reading disorder

85
Q

XI lesion

A 
Weakness in head turn to CL side of lesion
Shoulder drop (IPS)
86
Q

Ventricular system in midbrain

A

Cerebral aquaduct

87
Q

Pathway of CN IV

A

Middel cranial fossa through superior orbital fissure

88
Q

Most Common mvmt disorder of kidsq

A

tourrettes

89
Q

where does CN III emerge?

A

Midbrain

interpeduncular fossa

90
Q

which aphasia have poor repetition

A

all

91
Q

V1

A

ophthalmic

Afferent input for corneal blink and lacrimation

92
Q

Pathway of CN VIII

A

posterior cranial fossa through internal auditory meatus

93
Q

types of paraphasic speech

A

1) literal - phonemic - switches was sounds like
2) verbal - semantic - switches things
3) neologism - meaningless words

94
Q

Visual Recognition - brain localization -

A

Occipital lobe

prosopagnosia - ability to recognize faces

95
Q

Hyposmia

A

diminished sense of smell

96
Q

Cogwheel

A

sign of muscle rigidity

97
Q

check speech ataxia

A

La - 12
Pa 7
Ka 10

98
Q

brain localization - Reading

A

Left parietal

99
Q

brain localization - Calculation

A

Parietal

100
Q

Parosmia

A

altered perception of smell in presence of odor - unplesant odor

101
Q

Carbidopa

A

blocks dopamine decarboxylase in periphery

extends life of L-dopa

102
Q

CN XII Action

A

Hypoglossal

Motor: tongue movement.

103
Q

Pathway of CN VII

A

posterior cranial fossa through internal auditory meatus

104
Q

Phantosmia

A

altered perception of smell in absence of odor

105
Q

CN II - Action

A

Optic - sight (sensory)

106
Q

Jaw Jerk Relfex

A

downward tapping of jaw - bilteral contraction of masseter muscles.
Afferent: stretch receptors to mesencephalic Nuclues of V
Efferent: main motor nuclei of V

107
Q

Basic emotions - brain localization -

A

Temporal - papex circuit

108
Q

Cerebellar Lesions

A

Ipsilateral
Syngergy, Equilibrium, hypotonia
HANDS Tremor
Hypotonia, Ataxia, Nystagmus, dysarthria (cant speak), Stance and Gait problems and Action Tremor

109
Q

III N. Palsy

A

due to vascular defects usually
Ptosis (levator palpebrae)
down and out eye (due to only functional lateral rectus and superior oblique)
Blown Pupil

110
Q

Ropinirole

A

D2 Receptor agonist

111
Q

which aphasias have good comprehension?

A

Brocas and conduction

112
Q

Cavernous sinus nerves

A

3, 4, 5, 6

All the nerves that control eye movement plus V

113
Q

visual agnosia

A

failure of recognize an object

lesion in occipital lobe

114
Q

Latanoprost

A

prostaglandin analog to treat open angle glaucoma

115
Q

dyphonia

A

laryngeal disease

116
Q

brain localization - Language comprehension

A

Wernicke’s (left temporal)

Posterior superiortemporal gyrus

117
Q

prosopagnosia

A

ability to recognize faces, in occipital lobe.

118
Q

Nucleus Ambiguous

A

Motor output to pharynx and larynx (X)

motor to sytolpharyngeus (IX)

119
Q

Forced vs tandem gait

A

forced - walking funny
tandem - heel to toe
both signs of truncal ataxia

120
Q

brain localization - motivation

A

medial prefrontal

121
Q

Dopamine Receptor Agonists

A

act on D2 receptor to inhibit indirect pathway
produces not as severe of the On-off Ldopa response.
Decreased Dyskinesia
Causes hallucinations, sudden onset of sleep!

122
Q

brain localization - Tactile sensation

A

Parietal

123
Q

Pathway of CN VI

A

middle cranial fossa through superior orbital fissure

124
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

posterior superior lobe
22
language comprehension

125
Q

Main sensory nucleus of V is equivalent to

A

Nucleus gracilis or cuneatus - touch, vibration, pressure

126
Q

CN IV Action

A

Trochlear - MOTOR

Superior Oblique

127
Q

Timolol

A

Beta blocker used to treat open angle glaucoma

reduces aqueous humor production at epithelium

128
Q

Anosmia

A

loss of smell

129
Q

Muscles of Mastification

A

Face from prefrontal gyrus to motor nuc of V.

2nd order from motor Nuc of V to muscle.

130
Q

Benztropine

A

Anticholindergic drug to balance ACh overactivity in striatum.
Side Effects of confusion, drowsiness, constipation, urinary retention
used to limit tremors

131
Q

spasticity

A

gives a clasp-knife feeling

132
Q

Sensory gait

A

loss of proprioceptive input - slams food down

VB12 def, tabes dorsalis, peripheral neuropathy

133
Q

CN X Action

A

Vagus BOTH
Motor: Swallowing, soft palate, midline uvula, parasympathetic to Viscera
Sensory: Epiglottis, soft palate - taste, aortic arch chemoreceptors

134
Q

CN III Action

A 
Oculomotor 
Motor - SR, IR, MR, IO
pupil constriction
Accomodation
Eye opening - levator palpebrae
135
Q

Dorsal Motor Nucleus of X

A

holds Pregangionic Parasympathetic to heart, thorax and abdominal viscera

136
Q

Entacapone

A

COMT Inhibitior to extend life of LDOPA

137
Q

Psychogenic Mvmt Disorders

A

Abrupt onset, no response to meds or psychotherapy, static or variable course, selective disability.
presents with a combo of mvmt disorders, increases with attention and decreases with distractability. suggestible and entertainment

138
Q

Multiple Systems Atrophy

A

MSA- Parkinsonism - striatonigral degeneration
MSA-Autonomic systems - sky-drager syndrome
MSA-cerebellar - ataxia due to olivopontocerebellar degeneration

139
Q

CN V Action

A

Trigeminal N. Both
Motor: muscles of mastification
Sensation: facial sensation (Touch, vib, pain, Temp, proprioception)

140
Q

Pathway of CN X

A

posterior cranial fossa through jugular foramen

141
Q

what drugs increase aqueous humor outflow

A

Prostaglandins
Alpha 2 agonists
Cholinergic agonists

142
Q

what drugs decrease aqueous humor production

A

Beta Blocker

Carbonic Anydrase Inhibitiors

143
Q

Pathway of CN XII

A

Posterior cranial fossa through hypogossal canal

144
Q

which aphasia are nonfluent

A

Brocas and Global

145
Q

Echothlophate

A

Indirect cholinergic agonists used to treat open angle glaucoma
contract ciliary M. to increase outflow of aqeuous humor

146
Q

Amantiadine

A

D2 Receptor Agonist

147
Q

Parkinson Plus diseases

A

parkinonism - slowness of movement but with atypical variants. more serious and less treatable
1)Multiple systems atrophy
2)Progressive supranuclear palsy
3) corticobasal degneration
4) Lewy Body Dimentia
Present with rapid progression, early onset dementia, autonomic instability, early onset postural instability, downgaze, poor response to Ldopa.
Worse Prognosis, and not good tx.

148
Q

VI lesion

A

medial deviation with normal vergence

149
Q

Pupillary Reflex A/E

A

A; optic N II

E: Parasympathetic to ciliary Ganglion

150
Q

Prostaglandins

A

increase Aqueous Humor Outflow

151
Q

Where does CN IV emerge?

A

midbrain
dorsal side inferior to inferior colliculi
wraps to contralteral side.

152
Q

Pathway of CN I

A

cribriform plate

153
Q

DBS in PD

A

Thalamus, Internal Pallidium, STN

154
Q

what nuclei do MLF act on?

A

3, 4, 6, 8

155
Q

Main motor nucleus of V is equivalent to

A

alpha motor nuerons - voluntary control

156
Q

Where does V exit the brainstem

A

in middle of MCP

157
Q

Pathway of CN V

A

Middle Cranial Fossa
V1: superior obrital fissure
V2: foramen rotundum
V3: foramen ovale

158
Q

Dysgeusia

A

Altered perception of taste (persistent salty or bad)

159
Q

CN Nuclei in the pons

A

V - Mesencephalic, motor, sensory, upper spinal
VI
VII

160
Q

CNI - action

A

Olfactory - smell (sensory)

Neuro (5 decks)

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