Exam 3 Flashcards
Quwwat al Islam
Mosque A part of the Qutb Minar in India 12th century Part of the Ghurid Victory Monument Use of Hindu architecture and craftsmen Celebrated the Muslim conquest of India
Mahmoud of Ghazna
1030
Turkish Muslim
Afghanistan
Persian literature
Invaded India and spread Islamic culture
Attacked Hindu Temple–> took Hindu image and put it on mosque doorway so people could step on it
Ghurids
Modern Afghanistan
Turks
Write in Persian
12th century sacked Ghazna and invaded India
Built victory monument asserting own Muslim identity
Issue coinage-Muslim and local references
Reused Hindu temple materials for new mosque-keep Hindu symbols
Ghenghis Khan
Mongolian
United Mongolian tribes
Early 13th century conquered China and Russia
Died in 13th century
Sons and grandsons ruled Mongolia empires
Known for his religious tolerance, creating 1st Mongol script, supporting trade, and creating legal code
Marco Polo
Italian Christian from Venice
Died in 14th century
Traveled to China and lived there
Travelogue info about places he travelled
Promoted positivity and religious acceptance to Mongol court
A part of Max Mongolica
Pax Mongolica
Encouraged travel and trade
All ruled protected under Mongolian Law (good and info news)
Means “Mongolian Peace”
Relative peace post conquest
13th/14th century in Europe
Promoted cultural and religious openmindness
Timur
Also known as Tamerlane
Walked with a limp
1370- power
Rebuild Mongol empire and died in the process of taking over China
Conquests-Iran, turkey, India, and parts of Central Asia
Same birth story of Ghensis Khan
Married Ghensis family
Spread Mongolian law - but was Muslim
Pairs his destruction of mosques with patronage of Muslim scholars
His capital was Samargand
Forced movement of craftsmen and creation of an international tumurid style–> important because refers to how cultural people United
Tumurid Renaissance (rebirth)
Immense flourishing on the arts
Paid for by tumurid family
Shiraz, Herat, Tabriz-3 influential schools regarding Persian literature
Political disintegration after Timur
Source of “Timur International Style” cross over of cultures
15th century
Samargand
Tumors capital and an art center Modern Uzbekistan Consisted of Turks and Mongolian people Around the 14th century Forced movement of craftsman Creation of international tumurid style
Treaty of 1229
Frederick and al Kamil- supposed to be king of Jerusalem but Muslims were controlling it
Diplomatic solution- Moslems keel al-Agsa and dome of Rock, Christians get Jerusalum, Bethlehem, and passage to Mediterranean for supplies and pilgrimage
Significant because real attempt of diplomacy over warfare, even though common people were not happy…it allowed for a peace resolution
Pope Urban ii
Created crusades
Called first crusade in response to request of Alexius
Offered immediat remission of sins to people who agreed to take the cross
Issued letter of instruction called for aid for the Byzantine Empire
Vatican City
11th century
Peregrinatio
Armed pilgrimage
Christian crusaders
11th century council of clement (call to crusade)
All lands where crusades happened
Helped unite Christians into once force to fight for their faith
Langue doc
Crusade at home-Albigensian crusade
To fight against heretics in southern France
Christians controlled in 1094
Binds southern France to French crown
Roger of Sicily 1
Norman
Died beginning of 12th century
Count of Sicily
Didn’t want crusades to go to Tunisia because he was allied to Tunisian Muslims (trade relations)
Roger of siciliy 2
Norman
Died middle of 12th century
King of Sicily
Multicultural count-paying for Islamic Arabic geographies, different languages, coins
