Exam 3 Flashcards
This super group of organisms, ______, is believed to have evolved from an ancient protest ancestor that engulfed cyanobacterium; can be unicellular, colonial or multicellular.
Archeaplastida
List the sequence of taxonomic groups from largest to smallest.
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Family, Genus, Species
This phylum of organisms, ______, has the following characteristics: are dioecious, have a complete digestive tract, a coelom, larvae have bilateral symmetry and adults have pentaradial symmetry, internal skeleton made of Ca plates; sea cucumbers & sea urchins are examples
Echinodermata
What are the two types of autotrophs?
Photoautotrophs
- E from light - C from CO2 - Plants, cyanobacteria, domain bacteria
Chemoautotrophs
- E from inorganic chemicals - C from CO2
What are the two types of heterotrophs?
Photoheterotrophs
- E from light - C form organic compounds - Extreme halophiles
Chemoheterotrophs
- E & C from organic compounds - Humans
What are the Microbial Eukarya supergroups?
Excvata
Diplomonads
Parabasalids
Euglenozoans
Chromalveolata
Aveolates
Ciliate
Dinoflagellates
Apicomplex
Stramenpiles
Rhizaria
Ameobas
Ameoboza
Archaeplasida
- Beleved to evolve from an ancient protest ancestor that engulfed a cyanobacterium
- Can be unicellular, colonial, multicellular
Excvata
Excvata - feeding grove, modified mitochandria, different flagella, photosynthetic
Diplomonads
Parabasalids
Euglenozoans
Chromalveolata
- heterotrophic cells engulfed photosynthetic cells
- Unicellular
Chromalveolata
Aveolates - small sacs under plasma membrane
Ciliate - cillia
Dinoflagellates - marine
Apicomplex - paracitic
Stramenpiles - characteristic flagella
Amoeboza
- lobed/tube shaped psuedopods
- free-living
- Parasitic
- Slime molds
Animals are unique in the fact that they have ___ for movement and ____ for conducting signals between cells.
Muscles, Nervous tissue
The fossils of Tiktaalik Roseae represent the evolutionary link or transitional group between the birds and early mammals
True/ False
False
Which statment is false about reptiles?
A: They are endothermic
B: They hace internal fertilization and the fertilized egg may develops inside the female
C: They are coelmate and bilateral organisms
D: All groups of reptiles directly or indirectly evolved from the cotylosaurs
E: They have an amniote egg
A: They are endothermic
Echinodermata
- Dioecious
- Have a complete Digestive tract
- A coelom
- Larvae have bilateral symmetry
- Adults have pentaradial symmetry
- Internal skeleton made of calcium plates
- Sea cucumbers & Sea urchins are examples
Pterophyta
- Have vascular tissue and a cuticle
- Sporophyte generation is the dominant one
- Rhizome present
- Do not produce seeds
- Sperm moves in dew or water
- Occur in the tropics and moist areas
Cnidaria
- Rudimentary nervous system and muscle like cells that are involved in limited motion
- Have a polyp and/or medusa stage
- Tentacles w/ cnidocytes w/ nematocysts
- Adults are radially symmetrical consisting of a sac w/ a single opening surounded by tentacles
- Examples: Sea anemones, hydras
Nematoda
- some species are monoecious and other species are dioecious
- some species are parasitic and others are free living
- Pseudocoelom present
- tube w/in tube body plan
- Complete digestive tract
- Cuticle
- Well developed set of longitudinal muscles but lack circular muscles
- Examples: Round worms
Why are Scientific names are important?
Their use avoids the confusion caused by common names
Porifera
- Are asymmetrical or have radial symmetry
- Crystalline spicules and/or protein fibers present
- Choanocytes and amoebocytes present
- Generally considered to be colonies or coordinated but more or less independent cells
- All species are aquatic, most marine
Rhizaria
- Unicellular
- Thread-like pseudopods
- Can undergo phagocytosis
- Examples: Foraminiferans, Radiolarians
In terms of the number of species, the most successful phylum on the planet is the ______; and based on early embryological development, the phylum, ______, is closest to the chordates
Arthropoda, Echinodermata
Both birds and mammals share the physiological characteristics of endothermy. How do these animals maintain a high body temp?
They have high metabolic rates
Mollusca
- Some species have a well developed brain and sense organs
- A head region, visceral mass, foot, and mantle
- Well-developed circulatory and digestive systems
- A coelom
- Some species have gills while others have a radula
- Examples: Nudibranchs
Annelida
- Segmentation
- Well-developed digestive, circulatory, & nervous systems
- Gas exchange occurs across the body surface
- Some species are monoecious and others are dioecious
- Examples: Leeches and polychaetes
Fish are _____, and have a _____ chambered heart
Ectothermic, Two
Platyhelminthes
- Bilaterally symmetrical
- well developed reproductive organs and systems
- Polyembryony may occur
- Some species monoecious others dioecious
- Some species have incomplete digestive systems
- some species lack a mouth and digestive tract
- Examples: Planarians & cestodes
What is the group of worm-like animals having characteristics of both echinoderms and chordates, and believed to be the transitional form between the two?
Hemichordates
Which statement is false about birds?
A: They have a 4 chambered heart
B: They are ectothermic
C: Feathers are evolutionary derivatives of reptile scales
D: Many species have a light body with hollow bones
E: The ground theory provides an explanation on the possible organisms that gave rise to birds
B: They are ectothermic
Stamens are the female reproductive structures in Anthophytes.
True/False
False
Dispersal stages consisting of 1+ photosynthetic cells surrounded by fungal hyphae are called ______.
Soredia
Sporophyte vs Gametophyte
Sporophyte (2n)
Gametophyte (n)
Bryophyta
- Small in height
- Occur in damp terrestrial areas
- Have waxy covering
- Sperm move through water and dew
- Mosses are and example
Which statement is false about Amphibians?
A: They are ectothermic B: They exchange gases through the lungs, skin, and mouth lining C: They have external fertilization D: They have a four chambered heart E: They lack an amniotic egg
D: They have a four chambered heart
Arthropoda
- Exoskeleton
- Variety of appendages modified for various functions
- Well developed complete digestive track
- Water absorption in hindgut
- Open circulatory system
- Keen sense organs
- Some capable of flight
- Examples: Spiders & crustaceans
Kelp, which sometimes forms underwater forests is actually a multicellular protist called ________.
Brown alge
