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Childhood Psychopathology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is hyperkinetic reaction of childhood or adolescence?

A

Present in the DSM-II; overactivity, restlessness, short attention span

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2
Q

When was ADHD publicized?

A

DSM-III

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3
Q

What are the 3 subtypes of ADD in the DSM-IV?

A

Combined hyperactivity-impulsivity-inattention, predominantly inattentive, and predominantly hyperactive-impulsive

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4
Q

What is ADHD, combined presentation?

A

3 primary characteristics: hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention

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5
Q

What is ADHD, predominantly inattentive presentation?

A

Focuses on children who have problems with inattention but do not show inappropriate levels of hyperactivity or impulsivity

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6
Q

What is ADHD, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation?

A

Focuses on children who have problems with hyperactivity and impulsivity, but do not appear to have problems with attention or concentration

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7
Q

What is the prevalence of ADHD?

A

6-9%

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8
Q

At what age do individuals commonly have ADHD?

A

Childhood

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9
Q

What gender most commonly has ADHD?

A

Boys

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10
Q

What disorders are commonly comorbid with ADHD?

A

CD, ODD, specific learning disorder

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11
Q

When are the majority of ADHD diagnoses first given?

A

Between ages 7 and 9

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12
Q

What are fledgling psychopaths?

A

Children with the combination of impulsivity, hyperactivity, inattention, and conduct problems

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13
Q

Why are fledgling psychopaths referred to as such?

A

They appear to be destined for a troubled life if no prevention or intervention efforts are instituted

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14
Q

What is heterotypic continuity?

A

The specific symptoms change over time but the behavior is still functional

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15
Q

Which region of the brain has been strongly implicated in the development of ADHD?

A

Frontal-striatal region

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16
Q

What is the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA study)?

A

A large, multisite study of the effectiveness of treatments for ADHD

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17
Q

What are some treatments for ADHD?

A

Stimulant medication, behavioral parent training, and contingency management strategies

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18
Q

What are examples of contingency management strategies?

A

Token economies, time-out, and response-cost procedures

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19
Q

What is ODD?

A

Occurs when a child shows defiant, oppositional, hostile, and negative behavior for at least 6 months

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20
Q

According to the DSM-5, can children and adolescents who meet criteria for ODD and CD be diagnosed with both disorders?

A

Yes

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21
Q

What is the prevalence of ODD?

A

3.3%

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22
Q

Do younger or older children/adolescents develop ODD more?

A

Younger

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23
Q

Do boys or girls develop ODD more before puberty?

A

Boys

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24
Q

Is prevalence for boys and girls the same for ODD after puberty?

A

Yes

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25
Q

What is conduct disorder?

A

Violating the rights of others and breaking societal norms for that developmental level

26
Q

What are the two primary subtypes for CD?

A

Childhood-onset type and adolescent-onset type

27
Q

What are callous traits?

A

Characterized by a lack of empathy and the use of others for one’s own gain

28
Q

What are unemotional traits?

A

Characterized by lack of guilt and remorse and limited affect and feelings

29
Q

What is the prevalence rate for CD?

A

4%

30
Q

Do adolescents or children get diagnosed with CD more?

A

Adolescents

31
Q

What gender is diagnosed with CD more?

A

Boys

32
Q

What is antisocial personality disorder?

A

Consistent disregard for others and the violation of the rights of others, beginning by the age of 15

33
Q

What is a psychopath?

A

Often used to describe individuals with APD

34
Q

What are the two primary dimensions onto which symptoms of CD and ODD fall?

A

Covert/overt and destructive/nondestructive

35
Q

What disorders are comorbid with ODD and CD?

A

Depression, ADHD, substance use

36
Q

What is triangulation?

A

Where the parents put the child in between them in their arguments

37
Q

What is coercion theory?

A

Suggests that coercive family processes can put a child at risk for the development of oppositional and conduct disordered behaviors

38
Q

What is deviancy training?

A

A process through which adolescents tend to develop more problems when they associate with other troubled adolescents

39
Q

What are treatments for ODD and CD?

A

Behavioral parent training and multisystemic therapy

40
Q

What is behavioral parent training?

A

Teaches parents effective parenting skills

41
Q

What is multisystemic therapy?

A

Includes work with the adolescent, the family, the school system, peers, and any other important systems in the adolescent’s life

42
Q

What is substance abuse?

A

Evidence of a problematic use of a substance

43
Q

What is substance dependence?

A

Evidence of tolerance for the substance or of withdrawal from the substance

44
Q

What are substance use disorders?

A

Combination of substance abuse and substance dependence in the DSM-5

45
Q

What are the ten classes of drugs?

A

Alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, sedatives, stimulants, tobacco, other/unknown substances

46
Q

What is the prevalence rate for substance use disorders?

A

4-6%

47
Q

Do adolescents or children get diagnosed more with substance use disorders?

A

Adolescents

48
Q

Do people from lower or higher SES get diagnosed more with substance use disorders?

A

Lower

49
Q

What is the gateway phenomenon?

A

Earlier drug use provides a gateway to using harder substances

50
Q

What are the stages before developing a substance use disorder?

A

Experimental, social, instrumental, habitual, compulsive

51
Q

What is the dynamic diathesis-stress model?

A

Individuals are vulnerable to psychopathology due to personal characteristics (biological risk or maladaptive coping skills), but do not develop psychopathology unless they are challenged with significant stressors

52
Q

What is motivational interviewing?

A

Trying to help adolescents identify their own motivation for discontinuing substances

53
Q

What is relapse prevention?

A

Trying to prevent the reoccurrence of substance abuse after treatment

54
Q

What is a behavioral chain?

A

Helps adolescents gain awareness of what comes before and after their substance use

55
Q

What is anorexia nervosa?

A

Characterized by being underweight, being terrified of gaining weight, experiencing body image disturbance, and allowing body weight or shape to have an undue influence on one’s sense of self

56
Q

What SES are more prevalent for anorexia and bulimia?

A

Middle and higher

57
Q

What is enuresis?

A

When children cannot or will not control their urinary functioning

58
Q

What is encopresis?

A

When children do not control their bowel functioning either intentionally or unintentionally

59
Q

What is vertical transmission?

A

Infant becoming infected with HIV from their mothers in utero through HIV passage through the placenta, through maternal secretions at the time of birth, or through breast feeding

60
Q

What is the Information-Motivation Behavioral Skills model?

A

Suggests that adolescents must receive comprehensive prevention programs to reduce their risk for transmission of HIV and AIDS

61
Q

What is a medical home?

A

Where children can be screened for both emotional/behavior problems as well as physical problems at their regular visits to the pediatrician

Childhood Psychopathology (3 decks)

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