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Childhood Psychopathology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is failure to thrive?

A

A condition where infants show apathy, slow motor development, no interest in their surroundings, and sometimes, no interest in food or liquids

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2
Q

What is anaclitic depression?

A

Refers to infants who had lost their primary caregiver and also seemed to have lost their will to live

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3
Q

What are the two diagnoses for depression in infants and toddlers?

A

Prolonged bereavement/grief reaction and depression of infancy and early childhood

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4
Q

What is prolonged bereavement/grief reaction?

A

Occurs when an infant loses a primary caretaker and shows signs of crying, withdrawal, disrupted eating and sleeping, regression to previous earlier functioning, detachment, and extreme sensitivity

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5
Q

What is depression of infancy and early childhood?

A

Diagnosed when an infant or toddler shows at least 2 weeks of depressed or irritable mood, decreased interest in activities that were enjoyable previously, decreased capacity to protest, excessive whining, possibilities of disturbances in sleeping and eating, and limited social interactions

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6
Q

What is masked depression?

A

A term used (late 60s, early 70s) when children showed aggressive, hyperactive, or other acting-out behaviors to ward off the unbearable feelings of despair

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7
Q

What is major depressive disorder?

A

Distinct episodes of depressed or irritable mood lasting 2 or more weeks; clinical distress or impairment in social, occupational, or educational functioning

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8
Q

What is persistent depressive disorder?

A

Chronically low mood is evident for the majority of time across a 2-year period (1 year for children or adolescents)

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9
Q

How might the depressed mood be reflected for youths?

A

Chronic irritability

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10
Q

What are the prevalence rates for depressive disorders?

A

2-5%

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11
Q

Post-puberty, what is the interaction between gender and age when it comes to depressive disorders?

A

Girls outnumber boys about 2:1

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12
Q

What percentage of adolescents in treatment for depression were comorbid with another mental health disorder?

A

90%

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13
Q

What are traits of depression for a preschooler?

A

More irritability, increased tantrums, more somatic complaints

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14
Q

What are traits of depression for an adolescent?

A

More impact on self-esteem, hopelessness, sadness, suicidal ideation

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15
Q

What is the third leading cause of death among youth ages 10-17?

A

Suicide

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16
Q

What is on the Pfeffer Spectrum of Suicide Behavior?

A

Nonsuicidal, suicidal ideation, suicidal threat, mild attempt, serious attempt

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17
Q

What are risk factors?

A

Factors that make it more likely that a child/adolescent will have suicidal ideation

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18
Q

What are warning signs?

A

Signs that you can observe in a child/adolescent that could indicate suicidal ideation

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19
Q

What are examples of suicide prevention programs?

A

Community-based prevention programs, gatekeeper programs, family training, treatment of mental illness

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20
Q

What are gatekeeper programs?

A

A team going into a school to teach students how to prevent and notice suicidal behavior

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21
Q

What is rumination?

A

Focusing on their problems and keep thinking about them rather than trying to distract themselves or do something about the problems

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22
Q

What is co-rumination?

A

Frequently discussing mutual problems with friends and rehash the details of these problems

23
Q

What is DBT?

A

Dialectical behavior therapy; uses mindfulness training in addition to behavioral techniques, dialectical theory, self-acceptance, and being present in a nonjudgmental way in order to help client become more comfortable

24
Q

What percentage of adolescents report that they have tried to commit suicide?

A

Between 6% and 10%

25
Q

What is suicidal ideation?

A

Thoughts and feelings of wanting to kill oneself

26
Q

What is DBT used for?

A

Suicide

27
Q

What is nonsuicidal self-injury?

A

Harming oneself without intent to commit suicide

28
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A

Very high highs and very low lows

29
Q

What is cyclothymic disorder?

A

A longer-lasting, but less-intense disorder than bipolar disorder

30
Q

What is disruptive mood dysregulation disorder?

A

When a child shows severe and frequent temper outbursts in multiple settings

31
Q

What is bipolar disorder sometimes referred to as?

A

Manic depressive

32
Q

How prevalent do manic episodes need to be?

A

1 week or more

33
Q

How prevalent do depressive episodes need to be?

A

2 weeks or more

34
Q

What are characteristics of early onset bipolar disorder?

A

More mood fluctuations, more psychotic symptoms, more mixed episodes, higher levels of comorbidity with panic disorder, less responsive to lithium treatment

35
Q

What is negative affect?

A

The combination of depressive symptoms and anxiety

36
Q

What is depressive syndrome?

A

A constellation of depressive feelings and behaviors that are considered less severe than MDD

37
Q

What is depressed mood?

A

Characterized by feelings of sadness, being down, and feeling depressed

38
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

Lack of feeling or experiencing joy and happiness

39
Q

What is separation anxiety disorder?

A

Occurs when a child experiences extreme levels of distress on separating from his or her primary caretakers

40
Q

What is spontaneous remission?

A

Whereby separation anxiety disorder remits without therapeutic intervention

41
Q

What is selective mutism?

A

Occurs when children speak in one setting but do not speak in another setting

42
Q

What is specific phobia?

A

An extreme or unrealistic fear of an object or situation

43
Q

What is school refusal?

A

Refusing to go to school

44
Q

What is school phobia?

A

Fearing to go to school

45
Q

What is social anxiety disorder?

A

Occurs when children fear social situations due to concerns about being embarrassed or humiliated

46
Q

What is generalized anxiety disorder?

A

Occurs when children experience pervasive and chronic levels of anxiety

47
Q

What is hoarding disorder?

A

When children or adolescents retain large quantities of items that are not needed and when there is functional impairment in relation to the collection of items

48
Q

What is PTSD?

A

When children deal with a trauma in an even more negative manner than would be expected

49
Q

What types of traumas are included in PTSD?

A

Sexual abuse, physical abuse, severe car accident, or war

50
Q

What is adjustment disorder?

A

When children or adolescents experience a stressor and do not adjust to it well

51
Q

Which anxiety disorders are the least chronic?

A

Specific phobias and selective mutism

52
Q

Which anxiety disorders tend to be most chronic?

A

OCD and GAD

53
Q

What is behavioral inhibition?

A

A temperamental style in which infants are irritable, shy, and fearful

54
Q

What is the two-factor theory?

A

Combines classical and operant conditioning in explaining the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders

Childhood Psychopathology (3 decks)

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