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Sociology 101 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Culture

A

totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior

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2
Q

What does culture include?

A

all objects and ideas with in a society, values, customs, and artifacts of groups of people

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3
Q

How do human cultures change and expand?

A

through innovation and diffusion

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4
Q

What do all societies have?

A

Developed certain common practices and beliefs

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5
Q

What is universal all over the world in regards to communication?

A

Facial Expressions

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6
Q

Define Material Culture

A

physical or technological aspects of our daily life

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7
Q

Example of Material Culture

A

Food, houses, factories, raw material

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8
Q

Define Nonmaterial Culture

A

ways of using material objects as well as customs, beliefs, government, patterns of communication, and philosophies

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9
Q

What is a language?

A

abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all cultures

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10
Q

What does language include?

A

speech, written characters, numerals, symbols, and gestures and expressions of nonverbal communication

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11
Q

What are norms?

A

established standards of behavior maintained by society

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12
Q

How can norms be significant?

A

they must be widely understood and shared

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13
Q

What are the types of norms?

A

Formal/Informal Norms, Mores, Folkways

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14
Q

What are Formal Norms?

A

Generally written down such as laws with specifically strict punishments

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15
Q

What are Informal Norms?

A

understood practices but not written down

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16
Q

What are Mores?

A

norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society like going to school

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17
Q

Which is more formal: Mores or Folkways?

A

Mores

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18
Q

What are Folkways?

A

Norms that govern everyday behavior like peeing in every other urinal

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19
Q

What are Sanctions?

A

Penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm

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20
Q

What does Dominant Ideaology describe?

A

A set of cultural beliefs and practices that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests

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21
Q

How does Dominant Ideaology control the means of producing beliefs about reality?

A

Religion, Education, and Media

22
Q

Define Subculture

A

Segment of society that shares Mores, Folkways, and values different from the larger society

23
Q

Define Argot

A

Specialized language that distinguishes a subculture from a larger society

24
Q

Define Counterculture

A

subculture that deliberately opposes the larger culture

25
Q

Define Culture Shock

A

Feeling disorientated, uncertain, out of place, or fearful when immersed in an unfamiliar culture

26
Q

What is it called when you view people’s behavior from the perspective of their own culture?

A

Culture Relativism

27
Q

What is it called when you assume that your culture is superior to all other cultures?

A

Ethnocentricism

28
Q

What is it called when you assume that your culture is inferior to all other cultures?

A

Xenocentricism

29
Q

What is what what?

A

WHAT WHAT DIGIMON BUTT

30
Q

What is a Social Movement?

A

Organized collective activities to bring about or resist fundamental change in an existing group or society

31
Q

Define the Relative Deprivation/Strain theory

A

Conscious feeling of a discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities

32
Q

What must happen before discontent will be challenged into a social movement?

A

1) people must feel they have a right to their goals

2) must perceive that they cannot attain their goals through conventional means

33
Q

Define Political Opportunity Theory

A

movement emerges when the political climate is right

34
Q

What must there be for Political Opportunity Theory to apply?

A

an opportunity to protest/ dissent

35
Q

Define Resource Mobilization Theory

A

ways in which social movement utilizes resources such as people, money, etc.

36
Q

To sustain a social movement, what needs to be in place

A

an organized base and continuity of leadership

37
Q

Define New Social Movements Theory

A

promotes autonomy and self-determination as well as improvement in quality of life

38
Q

What does New Social Movements Theory focus on?

A

the collective identity

39
Q

What roles do women play in Social Movements?

A

often disproportionately as volunteers in organizational movements as it is more difficult to assume a leadership position

40
Q

Where is the place to kiss Katrina without her knowing?

A

the lower left side of her lip

41
Q

What is the Evolutionary Theory?

A

views society as moving in a definite direction, generally progressing to a higher state

42
Q

Define Unilinear Evolutionary Theory

A

all societies pass through the same successive stages of evolution and reach the same end

43
Q

Define Multilinear Evolutionary theory

A

Change can occur in several ways and does not inevitably lead in the same direction

44
Q

What does the functionalist theory focus on in social change

A

what maintains a system, and not what changes it.

45
Q

Who is the leading proponent in functionalist theory

A

Talcott Parsons

46
Q

What are the four processes of social change that are inevitable

A

Differentiation, Adaptive upgrading, Inclusion, Value generalization

47
Q

How does Conflict theory view social change?

A

It is needed to correct social injustices and inequalities

48
Q

How does marx view evolution

A

each successive stage is not an inevitable improvement over the previous one

49
Q

What are the Economic and Cultural factors resist social change

A

many firms not willing to pay price of meeting strict safety standards

50
Q

What is Global social change

A

1- truly dramatic time in history to be considered global change
2- Socio-political changes can be predicted
3- Sociologists must be able to recognize upheavals and major chaotic shifts that set global changes in motion

51
Q

What are vested interests?

A

people or groups who will suffer in the event of social change

52
Q

What is Culture Lag

A

period of maladjustment when nonmaterial culture is struggling to adapt to new material conditions

Sociology 101 (3 decks)

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