Exam 3

Question 1

Define Culture

Answer 1

totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior

Question 2

What does culture include?

Answer 2

all objects and ideas with in a society, values, customs, and artifacts of groups of people

Question 3

How do human cultures change and expand?

Answer 3

through innovation and diffusion

Question 4

What do all societies have?

Answer 4

Developed certain common practices and beliefs

Question 5

What is universal all over the world in regards to communication?

Answer 5

Facial Expressions

Question 6

Define Material Culture

Answer 6

physical or technological aspects of our daily life

Question 7

Example of Material Culture

Answer 7

Food, houses, factories, raw material

Question 8

Define Nonmaterial Culture

Answer 8

ways of using material objects as well as customs, beliefs, government, patterns of communication, and philosophies

Question 9

What is a language?

Answer 9

abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all cultures

Question 10

What does language include?

Answer 10

speech, written characters, numerals, symbols, and gestures and expressions of nonverbal communication

Question 11

What are norms?

Answer 11

established standards of behavior maintained by society

Question 12

How can norms be significant?

Answer 12

they must be widely understood and shared

Question 13

What are the types of norms?

Answer 13

Formal/Informal Norms, Mores, Folkways

Question 14

What are Formal Norms?

Answer 14

Generally written down such as laws with specifically strict punishments

Question 15

What are Informal Norms?

Answer 15

understood practices but not written down

Question 16

What are Mores?

Answer 16

norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society like going to school

Question 17

Which is more formal: Mores or Folkways?

Answer 17

Mores

Question 18

What are Folkways?

Answer 18

Norms that govern everyday behavior like peeing in every other urinal

Question 19

What are Sanctions?

Answer 19

Penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm

Question 20

What does Dominant Ideaology describe?

Answer 20

A set of cultural beliefs and practices that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests

Question 21

How does Dominant Ideaology control the means of producing beliefs about reality?

Answer 21

Religion, Education, and Media

Question 22

Define Subculture

Answer 22

Segment of society that shares Mores, Folkways, and values different from the larger society

Question 23

Define Argot

Answer 23

Specialized language that distinguishes a subculture from a larger society

Question 24

Define Counterculture

Answer 24

subculture that deliberately opposes the larger culture

Question 25

Define Culture Shock

Answer 25

Feeling disorientated, uncertain, out of place, or fearful when immersed in an unfamiliar culture

Question 26

What is it called when you view people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture?

Answer 26

Culture Relativism

Question 27

What is it called when you assume that your culture is superior to all other cultures?

Answer 27

Ethnocentricism

Question 28

What is it called when you assume that your culture is inferior to all other cultures?

Answer 28

Xenocentricism

Question 29

What is what what?

Answer 29

WHAT WHAT DIGIMON BUTT

Question 30

What is a Social Movement?

Answer 30

Organized collective activities to bring about or resist fundamental change in an existing group or society

Question 31

Define the Relative Deprivation/Strain theory

Answer 31

Conscious feeling of a discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities

Question 32

What must happen before discontent will be challenged into a social movement?

Answer 32

1) people must feel they have a right to their goals | 2) must perceive that they cannot attain their goals through conventional means

Question 33

Define Political Opportunity Theory

Answer 33

movement emerges when the political climate is right

Question 34

What must there be for Political Opportunity Theory to apply?

Answer 34

an opportunity to protest/ dissent

Question 35

Define Resource Mobilization Theory

Answer 35

ways in which social movement utilizes resources such as people, money, etc.

Question 36

To sustain a social movement, what needs to be in place

Answer 36

an organized base and continuity of leadership

Question 37

Define New Social Movements Theory

Answer 37

promotes autonomy and self-determination as well as improvement in quality of life

Question 38

What does New Social Movements Theory focus on?

Answer 38

the collective identity

Question 39

What roles do women play in Social Movements?

Answer 39

often disproportionately as volunteers in organizational movements as it is more difficult to assume a leadership position

Question 40

Where is the place to kiss Katrina without her knowing?

Answer 40

the lower left side of her lip

Question 41

What is the Evolutionary Theory?

Answer 41

views society as moving in a definite direction, generally progressing to a higher state

Question 42

Define Unilinear Evolutionary Theory

Answer 42

all societies pass through the same successive stages of evolution and reach the same end

Question 43

Define Multilinear Evolutionary theory

Answer 43

Change can occur in several ways and does not inevitably lead in the same direction

Question 44

What does the functionalist theory focus on in social change

Answer 44

what maintains a system, and not what changes it.

Question 45

Who is the leading proponent in functionalist theory

Answer 45

Talcott Parsons

Question 46

What are the four processes of social change that are inevitable

Answer 46

Differentiation, Adaptive upgrading, Inclusion, Value generalization

Question 47

How does Conflict theory view social change?

Answer 47

It is needed to correct social injustices and inequalities

Question 48

How does marx view evolution

Answer 48

each successive stage is not an inevitable improvement over the previous one

Question 49

What are the Economic and Cultural factors resist social change

Answer 49

many firms not willing to pay price of meeting strict safety standards

Question 50

What is Global social change

Answer 50

1- truly dramatic time in history to be considered global change 2- Socio-political changes can be predicted 3- Sociologists must be able to recognize upheavals and major chaotic shifts that set global changes in motion

Question 51

What are vested interests?

Answer 51

people or groups who will suffer in the event of social change

Question 52

What is Culture Lag

Answer 52

period of maladjustment when nonmaterial culture is struggling to adapt to new material conditions