Exam 2 Flashcards
Define Nuclear Family
nucleus or core upon which larger family groups are built
Define Extended Family
Family in relatives such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles that live in the same house as parents and their children
Define Monogamy
one spouse
Define Polygamy
multiple spouses
Who are kinship?
people to whom we are related
Define Bilateral Descent
both sides of a person’s family are regarded as equally important
Define Patrilineal Descent
only father’s relatives are important
Define Matrilineal Descent
only mother’s relatives are important
The family serves six functions for society
Functionalist Perspective
what are the six functions that Functionalists believe in?
- Reproduction
- Protection
- Socialization
- Regulation of sexual behavior
- Affection
- providing of social status
Family reflects inequality in wealth and power found within society
Conflict Perspective
Throughout human history, husbands have exercises power and authority within the family
Conflict Perspective
Views the family as an economic unit contributing to social injustice
Conflict view
Focus on inequality and patriarchal nature of families
Feminist view
Focuses on micro level of family and other intimate relationships
Interactionist views
Define Incest taboo
Social norm to commonly to virtually all societies, prohibits relationships between certain relatives
Define exogamy
requires mate selection outside certain groups, usually ones’s own family or certain kinfolk
Define endogamy
specifies the groups within which a spuse must be found and prohibits marriage with members of other groups
T/F: Love and marriage is a cultural universal?
False
T/F: Many of world’s culture gives priority in mate selection to other factors, such as in an arranged marriage
True
Statistically, when are women getting married in relation to men.
Statistically, younger than men.
What percent of people marry at some point in their lives?
90%
T/F: more couples are rushing entry into first marriage
False; they are postponing marriage
What percent of couples will cohabitate?
50%
Define cohabitation
Male-Female couples who decide to live together without getting married
What is Demography?
scientific study of the population
What kind of social factors do sociologists focus on?
Factors that influence population rates and trends
Define Life Expectancy
median number of years a person can be expected to live to under current mortality conditions
Define Growth Rate
Difference between birth and death rates, plus the difference between immigration and emigration
What is a fertility rate?
the number of kids that a woman has
What is the US’s fertility rate?
2
What is a large demographic transition that happens across the world?
Transition from high birth rates and death rates to low birth rates and death rates.
Why is there a transition from high birth rates and death rates to low birth rates and death rates
The industrialization of a society makes people have less children because less children is needed and makes old people live longer due to better medicine
What is the three stage process
The process of a society to demographically transition from not-industrialized to industrialized
What are the three stages of transition
pre-transition, transition, post-transition
What is the world population total?
7.3 billion
What is the population of China?
1.404 billion
What is the population of India
1.286 billion
What is the population of US
325 million
What are the largest populations in order? (10)
- China
- India
- US
- Indonesia
- Brazil
- Pakistan
- Nigeria
- Bangladesh
- Russia
- Japan
What area has over half the world’s population?
Southeast Asia
How did Durkheim define religion?
a unified system of beliefs and practices related to sacred things.
Define sacred
things that inspire awe, respect and fear/things that are unique or important. Usually totems
Define Profane
the ordinary and commonplace
Define totems
Symbols attached to sacred things
Example of totems
Star of David, Cross, Flag
How did Marx view religion?
Religion impeded social change by encouraging people to focus on other worldly society concerns rather than their poverty
Who coined the term ‘opiate of the masses’
Marx
How did Weber view religion?
Religious values affect economic structure
who said “the protestant ethic and spiritual of capitalism”
Weber
How does religion effect the economic structure?
Calvinists emphasize modesty with work, so they spend less money. The banks can then loan out their money to people and gave rise to capitalism
What is the integrative function of religions?
Religion offers people means and purpose, certain ultimate values and ends to hold in common, leading to fellow like minded people integrated into a society
What is the Liberation Theology?
use of church in political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice evident in a secular way
Define Ecclesia
Religious organizations claiming to include most or all members of society and is recognized as national or official religions.
Define Denomination
Large, organized religion, not officially linked with the state or government
Define Sects
Relatively small religious groups that have broken away from some other religious organization to renew what they consider the original vision of the faith
Define New Religious Movements
small secretive religious groups that represent either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith
New Religious Movements… aka…
Cults
T/F: Ecclesia in general tend to challenge the government
False; they are conservative and don’t challenge secular government
Order of religious organizations by size (large to small)
Ecclesia-Denomination-Sect-Cult
Advances in what has lead to what kind of church?
Electronic communication to become an electronic church
Denominations tend to have explicit _______.
set of beliefs, defined system of authority, and are generally respected in society
What group is fundamentally at odds with society and does not seek to become established national religions?
Sects
What group tends to be small and less respected than all the others?
Cults
Define Belief
statements to which members to a particular religion adhere
Define Ritual
practices required or expected of members of a faith
Define Religious Experiences
feeling or perception of being in direct contact with ultimate reality or of being overcome with religious emotions
