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Sociology 101 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Nuclear Family

A

nucleus or core upon which larger family groups are built

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2
Q

Define Extended Family

A

Family in relatives such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles that live in the same house as parents and their children

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3
Q

Define Monogamy

A

one spouse

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4
Q

Define Polygamy

A

multiple spouses

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5
Q

Who are kinship?

A

people to whom we are related

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6
Q

Define Bilateral Descent

A

both sides of a person’s family are regarded as equally important

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7
Q

Define Patrilineal Descent

A

only father’s relatives are important

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8
Q

Define Matrilineal Descent

A

only mother’s relatives are important

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9
Q

The family serves six functions for society

A

Functionalist Perspective

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10
Q

what are the six functions that Functionalists believe in?

A
  1. Reproduction
  2. Protection
  3. Socialization
  4. Regulation of sexual behavior
  5. Affection
  6. providing of social status
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11
Q

Family reflects inequality in wealth and power found within society

A

Conflict Perspective

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12
Q

Throughout human history, husbands have exercises power and authority within the family

A

Conflict Perspective

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13
Q

Views the family as an economic unit contributing to social injustice

A

Conflict view

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14
Q

Focus on inequality and patriarchal nature of families

A

Feminist view

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15
Q

Focuses on micro level of family and other intimate relationships

A

Interactionist views

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16
Q

Define Incest taboo

A

Social norm to commonly to virtually all societies, prohibits relationships between certain relatives

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17
Q

Define exogamy

A

requires mate selection outside certain groups, usually ones’s own family or certain kinfolk

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18
Q

Define endogamy

A

specifies the groups within which a spuse must be found and prohibits marriage with members of other groups

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19
Q

T/F: Love and marriage is a cultural universal?

A

False

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20
Q

T/F: Many of world’s culture gives priority in mate selection to other factors, such as in an arranged marriage

A

True

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21
Q

Statistically, when are women getting married in relation to men.

A

Statistically, younger than men.

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22
Q

What percent of people marry at some point in their lives?

A

90%

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23
Q

T/F: more couples are rushing entry into first marriage

A

False; they are postponing marriage

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24
Q

What percent of couples will cohabitate?

A

50%

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25
Q

Define cohabitation

A

Male-Female couples who decide to live together without getting married

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26
Q

What is Demography?

A

scientific study of the population

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27
Q

What kind of social factors do sociologists focus on?

A

Factors that influence population rates and trends

28
Q

Define Life Expectancy

A

median number of years a person can be expected to live to under current mortality conditions

29
Q

Define Growth Rate

A

Difference between birth and death rates, plus the difference between immigration and emigration

30
Q

What is a fertility rate?

A

the number of kids that a woman has

31
Q

What is the US’s fertility rate?

A

2

32
Q

What is a large demographic transition that happens across the world?

A

Transition from high birth rates and death rates to low birth rates and death rates.

33
Q

Why is there a transition from high birth rates and death rates to low birth rates and death rates

A

The industrialization of a society makes people have less children because less children is needed and makes old people live longer due to better medicine

34
Q

What is the three stage process

A

The process of a society to demographically transition from not-industrialized to industrialized

35
Q

What are the three stages of transition

A

pre-transition, transition, post-transition

36
Q

What is the world population total?

A

7.3 billion

37
Q

What is the population of China?

A

1.404 billion

38
Q

What is the population of India

A

1.286 billion

39
Q

What is the population of US

A

325 million

40
Q

What are the largest populations in order? (10)

A
  1. China
  2. India
  3. US
  4. Indonesia
  5. Brazil
  6. Pakistan
  7. Nigeria
  8. Bangladesh
  9. Russia
  10. Japan
41
Q

What area has over half the world’s population?

A

Southeast Asia

42
Q

How did Durkheim define religion?

A

a unified system of beliefs and practices related to sacred things.

43
Q

Define sacred

A

things that inspire awe, respect and fear/things that are unique or important. Usually totems

44
Q

Define Profane

A

the ordinary and commonplace

45
Q

Define totems

A

Symbols attached to sacred things

46
Q

Example of totems

A

Star of David, Cross, Flag

47
Q

How did Marx view religion?

A

Religion impeded social change by encouraging people to focus on other worldly society concerns rather than their poverty

48
Q

Who coined the term ‘opiate of the masses’

A

Marx

49
Q

How did Weber view religion?

A

Religious values affect economic structure

50
Q

who said “the protestant ethic and spiritual of capitalism”

A

Weber

51
Q

How does religion effect the economic structure?

A

Calvinists emphasize modesty with work, so they spend less money. The banks can then loan out their money to people and gave rise to capitalism

52
Q

What is the integrative function of religions?

A

Religion offers people means and purpose, certain ultimate values and ends to hold in common, leading to fellow like minded people integrated into a society

53
Q

What is the Liberation Theology?

A

use of church in political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice evident in a secular way

54
Q

Define Ecclesia

A

Religious organizations claiming to include most or all members of society and is recognized as national or official religions.

55
Q

Define Denomination

A

Large, organized religion, not officially linked with the state or government

56
Q

Define Sects

A

Relatively small religious groups that have broken away from some other religious organization to renew what they consider the original vision of the faith

57
Q

Define New Religious Movements

A

small secretive religious groups that represent either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith

58
Q

New Religious Movements… aka…

A

Cults

59
Q

T/F: Ecclesia in general tend to challenge the government

A

False; they are conservative and don’t challenge secular government

60
Q

Order of religious organizations by size (large to small)

A

Ecclesia-Denomination-Sect-Cult

61
Q

Advances in what has lead to what kind of church?

A

Electronic communication to become an electronic church

62
Q

Denominations tend to have explicit _______.

A

set of beliefs, defined system of authority, and are generally respected in society

63
Q

What group is fundamentally at odds with society and does not seek to become established national religions?

A

Sects

64
Q

What group tends to be small and less respected than all the others?

A

Cults

65
Q

Define Belief

A

statements to which members to a particular religion adhere

66
Q

Define Ritual

A

practices required or expected of members of a faith

67
Q

Define Religious Experiences

A

feeling or perception of being in direct contact with ultimate reality or of being overcome with religious emotions

Sociology 101 (3 decks)

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