Exam #3 & #4: Infection Process Flashcards
What is the abnormal state in which all or part of the body does not function correctly?
Disease
What is the study of disease that emphasizes the relationship of the pathogenic & physiologic aspects of the disease and the fundamentals of treatment?
Pathophysiology
What is the cause or origin of the disease?
Etiology
What are self originating/ without known cause?
Idiopathic
What is the range of occurrence & tendency to affect certain groups (e.g gender, geographical location)?
Incidence
What is severe but usually short lasting?
Acute
What is less severe but long lasting or recurring?
Chronic
Smsmsms
,ALS,sl
What can be transmitted from one individual to another?
Communicable
What effects many people in the same regions at the same time?
Epidemic
What continuously affects some people in a particular regions?
Endemic
What is prevalent through out an entire country, continent, or the world?
Pandemic
SHORT ANSWER
What are hospital healthcare acquired infection?
Nosocomial infection
SHORT ANSWER
What is community acquired infection?
An infection that occurs outside a healthcare facility or is present upon admittance.
What is the most surgical infections occur due to contamination during the procedure & staphylococcus aureus is the pathogen that leads in percentage?
Surgical site infection (SSI)
What is the conditions noted by the PT (subjective)?
Symptoms
What are conditions noted by the healthcare provider (objective)?
Signs
What are factual information concerning the PT (e.g laboratory studies, diagnostic imaging)?
Tests
What is the prediction of the probable outcome of the disease (based on the CONDITION of the patient & the expected COURSE of the disease)?
Prognosis
What contamination of a person or objects by another person or object?
Cross contamination
What is the primary source of airborne bacteria?
Airborne
What kind of infection would it be of an OR light handle drops into an open wound?
Direct contact transmission
What is antisepsis?
Most but not all microorganisms located on animate objects are destroyed.
What is disinfection?
Process in which most but not all microorganisms including spores on inanimate objects are destroyed.
What is Sterilization?
Destruction of all microorganisms including spores on inanimate objects are destroyed.
What is the #1 recommended method to stop spread of infection?
Hand washing
What is when microbes & infection are absent?
Sterile
What is the multiplication of organisms in tissue?
Infection
What is often referred to as the “final line of defense?”
Immune system
What is an bloodbourne pathogen that puts healthcare workers at risk?
Hepatitis C
What is normally resides in the lumen of the intestine?
Escherichia Coli
What is the physical removal if body fluids, blood & gross debris from B inanimate object?
Mechanical cleaning of inanimate objects
What should be used when stainless steel instruments are manually cleaned to avoid scratching the surface of the instruments?
Back and forth motion
Prior to the end of the case instruments should ____ be soaked in; saline will put the stainless steel?
NOT
What can be used as a presto along solution but one limitation: it is ineffective at removing dried debris?
Water
What product is a type of chemical cleaner that is least corrosive to
Surgical instruments?
Neutral pH product
What is usually used as a soaking solution & is a catalyst used to aid in breakdown of organic material such as?
Enzyme; blood & tissue
What in the OR suite has higher pressure inside that outside the OR in order to force microbes out?
Positive air pressure
What is the process by which bacteria divide?
Binary fission
What classification that is given to bacteria that can survive in an environment with or with out oxygen?
Facultative anaerobes
What requires oxygen to sustain life?
Aerobic bacteria
What bacteria grown best in high concentration of carbon dioxide?
Caprophiles
What is identified by their shape and form?
Bacteria
What are portals if entry for organisms?
Insect bites
What is the most common infections occur due to contamination during the procedure & staphylococcus aureus is the pathogen that leads in percentage?
Surgical site infection (SSI)
SHORT ANSWER
What is a Surgical Site Infection?
An infection due to break in sterility during surgery
The surgical site should be shaved with clippers instead of a razor which creates microscopic cuts in the skin that can harbor microbes?
Nosocomial Infection
What contamination of a person or object by another person or object?
Cross contamination
Who is the primary source of airborne bacteria in the OR?
Surgical Team ‘
What method is used to prevent contamination of the sterile field?
Sterile technique
What is the basis for the practice of strict adherence to sterile technique?
Surgical conscience
What is recommended to be avoided?
Immediate use sterilization
What are suture scissors or implants?
Critical
What are vaginal speculum?
Semi-critical
What are mayo stands, blood pressure cuffs, and infant incubator?
Non critical
What are influences the efficiency of disinfectant?
- Contact time
2. Amount of bioburden
What is the # of microbes or organic debris that exist at a given time?
Bioburden
What is the process that ensures that all microorganisms, including spores, are killed?
Sterilization
What may be appropriate for semi-critical items & low level disinfection may be appropriate for non-critical items?
Intermediate level disinfection
What are the 3 physical factors that affect the efficiency of disinfection?
- Temperature
- Bioburden
- Time
What requires a minimum exposure time of 20 mins to disinfect an item?
Glutaralhyde
What are 6 factors that increase the risk of surgical site infections?
- Age
- Health
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Malignancy
- Infections
What bacteria resides naturally within the human body, and cause no disease unless the opportunity arises?
Opportunist
When do both organisms benefit from & depend on one another to a certain extent?
Mutualism
When is it when one organism benefits & the host is harmed?
Parasitism
what are microbes that live on the skin & inside the human body?
Indigenous
What is a non living particle that is completely reliant on the host cell for survival?
Virus
Surgical masks should? (3)
- Should be on or off
- Should be changed between all cases
- Should be handled by the strings
What should not be worn if the PT is latex sensitive?
Latex gloves
What is used when prepping PTs skin for urinary catheterization?
Open-glove technique
What are types of good coverings?
Caps & hoods
Instrument preparation begins after decontamination & involves the following steps?
- Inspection
- Reassembly
- Preparation
What is a dormant structure that some bacteria form to survive adverse environmental conditions?
Spore
What provides a large table, sterile area for initial preparation & stage of drapes, supplies, irrigation, medicines and instruments?
Back table
What can be thrown away?
Torn or perforated or west disposable supplies
What is used to remove small organic particles & soul from areas of instruments that are difficult to clean manually?
Ultrasonic washer also known as a mechanical decontamination unit
What would be the best suites for processing those instruments that have been exposed to clostridium?
Pre-vac ( pre-vacuum sterilization)
What operates @ a minimum cycle time of 4 mins @ 270 degrees F for wrapped items?
Dynamic air removal steam sterilizer
What enters the sterilization chamber during exposure phase of Pre-vacuum steam sterilization?
Steam
What must be done To prevent the formation of condensation rested basins?
Separate the basins with a towel
What does NOT render instrument sterile?
Washer decontaminator
What are advantages to using non woven materials?:
- Excellent barrier properties
- Impervious to moisture
- Lint free
After laundering, woven fabrics should be stored at a temperature of _____ a and humidity of _____ for at least ___ hours to rehydrate the fabrics?
- 68-70 degrees F
- 30-60%
- 2 hours
The ____ date should be used when preparing packages for sterilization?
Julien
Ex: Feb 27th= 58 & Mar 5th= 64
