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ST220 > Exam #3 & #4: Infection Process > Flashcards

Exam #3 & #4: Infection Process Flashcards

0
Q

What is the abnormal state in which all or part of the body does not function correctly?

A

Disease

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1
Q

What is the study of disease that emphasizes the relationship of the pathogenic & physiologic aspects of the disease and the fundamentals of treatment?

A

Pathophysiology

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2
Q

What is the cause or origin of the disease?

A

Etiology

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3
Q

What are self originating/ without known cause?

A

Idiopathic

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4
Q

What is the range of occurrence & tendency to affect certain groups (e.g gender, geographical location)?

A

Incidence

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5
Q

What is severe but usually short lasting?

A

Acute

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6
Q

What is less severe but long lasting or recurring?

A

Chronic

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7
Q

Smsmsms

A

,ALS,sl

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8
Q

What can be transmitted from one individual to another?

A

Communicable

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9
Q

What effects many people in the same regions at the same time?

A

Epidemic

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10
Q

What continuously affects some people in a particular regions?

A

Endemic

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11
Q

What is prevalent through out an entire country, continent, or the world?

A

Pandemic

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13
Q

SHORT ANSWER

What are hospital healthcare acquired infection?

A

Nosocomial infection

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14
Q

SHORT ANSWER

What is community acquired infection?

A

An infection that occurs outside a healthcare facility or is present upon admittance.

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15
Q

What is the most surgical infections occur due to contamination during the procedure & staphylococcus aureus is the pathogen that leads in percentage?

A

Surgical site infection (SSI)

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16
Q

What is the conditions noted by the PT (subjective)?

A

Symptoms

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17
Q

What are conditions noted by the healthcare provider (objective)?

A

Signs

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18
Q

What are factual information concerning the PT (e.g laboratory studies, diagnostic imaging)?

A

Tests

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19
Q

What is the prediction of the probable outcome of the disease (based on the CONDITION of the patient & the expected COURSE of the disease)?

A

Prognosis

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20
Q

What contamination of a person or objects by another person or object?

A

Cross contamination

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21
Q

What is the primary source of airborne bacteria?

A

Airborne

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22
Q

What kind of infection would it be of an OR light handle drops into an open wound?

A

Direct contact transmission

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23
Q

What is antisepsis?

A

Most but not all microorganisms located on animate objects are destroyed.

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24
Q

What is disinfection?

A

Process in which most but not all microorganisms including spores on inanimate objects are destroyed.

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25
Q

What is Sterilization?

A

Destruction of all microorganisms including spores on inanimate objects are destroyed.

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26
Q

What is the #1 recommended method to stop spread of infection?

A

Hand washing

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27
Q

What is when microbes & infection are absent?

A

Sterile

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28
Q

What is the multiplication of organisms in tissue?

A

Infection

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29
Q

What is often referred to as the “final line of defense?”

A

Immune system

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30
Q

What is an bloodbourne pathogen that puts healthcare workers at risk?

A

Hepatitis C

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31
Q

What is normally resides in the lumen of the intestine?

A

Escherichia Coli

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32
Q

What is the physical removal if body fluids, blood & gross debris from B inanimate object?

A

Mechanical cleaning of inanimate objects

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33
Q

What should be used when stainless steel instruments are manually cleaned to avoid scratching the surface of the instruments?

A

Back and forth motion

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34
Q

Prior to the end of the case instruments should ____ be soaked in; saline will put the stainless steel?

A

NOT

35
Q

What can be used as a presto along solution but one limitation: it is ineffective at removing dried debris?

A

Water

36
Q

What product is a type of chemical cleaner that is least corrosive to
Surgical instruments?

A

Neutral pH product

37
Q

What is usually used as a soaking solution & is a catalyst used to aid in breakdown of organic material such as?

A

Enzyme; blood & tissue

38
Q

What in the OR suite has higher pressure inside that outside the OR in order to force microbes out?

A

Positive air pressure

39
Q

What is the process by which bacteria divide?

A

Binary fission

40
Q

What classification that is given to bacteria that can survive in an environment with or with out oxygen?

A

Facultative anaerobes

41
Q

What requires oxygen to sustain life?

A

Aerobic bacteria

42
Q

What bacteria grown best in high concentration of carbon dioxide?

A

Caprophiles

43
Q

What is identified by their shape and form?

A

Bacteria

44
Q

What are portals if entry for organisms?

A

Insect bites

45
Q

What is the most common infections occur due to contamination during the procedure & staphylococcus aureus is the pathogen that leads in percentage?

A

Surgical site infection (SSI)

46
Q

SHORT ANSWER

What is a Surgical Site Infection?

A

An infection due to break in sterility during surgery

47
Q

The surgical site should be shaved with clippers instead of a razor which creates microscopic cuts in the skin that can harbor microbes?

A

Nosocomial Infection

48
Q

What contamination of a person or object by another person or object?

A

Cross contamination

49
Q

Who is the primary source of airborne bacteria in the OR?

A

Surgical Team ‘

50
Q

What method is used to prevent contamination of the sterile field?

A

Sterile technique

51
Q

What is the basis for the practice of strict adherence to sterile technique?

A

Surgical conscience

52
Q

What is recommended to be avoided?

A

Immediate use sterilization

53
Q

What are suture scissors or implants?

A

Critical

54
Q

What are vaginal speculum?

A

Semi-critical

55
Q

What are mayo stands, blood pressure cuffs, and infant incubator?

A

Non critical

56
Q

What are influences the efficiency of disinfectant?

A
  1. Contact time

2. Amount of bioburden

57
Q

What is the # of microbes or organic debris that exist at a given time?

A

Bioburden

58
Q

What is the process that ensures that all microorganisms, including spores, are killed?

A

Sterilization

59
Q

What may be appropriate for semi-critical items & low level disinfection may be appropriate for non-critical items?

A

Intermediate level disinfection

59
Q

What are the 3 physical factors that affect the efficiency of disinfection?

A
  1. Temperature
  2. Bioburden
  3. Time
59
Q

What requires a minimum exposure time of 20 mins to disinfect an item?

A

Glutaralhyde

59
Q

What are 6 factors that increase the risk of surgical site infections?

A
  1. Age
  2. Health
  3. Obesity
  4. Smoking
  5. Malignancy
  6. Infections
59
Q

What bacteria resides naturally within the human body, and cause no disease unless the opportunity arises?

A

Opportunist

59
Q

When do both organisms benefit from & depend on one another to a certain extent?

A

Mutualism

60
Q

When is it when one organism benefits & the host is harmed?

A

Parasitism

61
Q

what are microbes that live on the skin & inside the human body?

A

Indigenous

62
Q

What is a non living particle that is completely reliant on the host cell for survival?

A

Virus

63
Q

Surgical masks should? (3)

A
  1. Should be on or off
  2. Should be changed between all cases
  3. Should be handled by the strings
64
Q

What should not be worn if the PT is latex sensitive?

A

Latex gloves

65
Q

What is used when prepping PTs skin for urinary catheterization?

A

Open-glove technique

66
Q

What are types of good coverings?

A

Caps & hoods

67
Q

Instrument preparation begins after decontamination & involves the following steps?

A
  1. Inspection
  2. Reassembly
  3. Preparation
68
Q

What is a dormant structure that some bacteria form to survive adverse environmental conditions?

A

Spore

69
Q

What provides a large table, sterile area for initial preparation & stage of drapes, supplies, irrigation, medicines and instruments?

A

Back table

70
Q

What can be thrown away?

A

Torn or perforated or west disposable supplies

71
Q

What is used to remove small organic particles & soul from areas of instruments that are difficult to clean manually?

A

Ultrasonic washer also known as a mechanical decontamination unit

72
Q

What would be the best suites for processing those instruments that have been exposed to clostridium?

A

Pre-vac ( pre-vacuum sterilization)

73
Q

What operates @ a minimum cycle time of 4 mins @ 270 degrees F for wrapped items?

A

Dynamic air removal steam sterilizer

74
Q

What enters the sterilization chamber during exposure phase of Pre-vacuum steam sterilization?

A

Steam

75
Q

What must be done To prevent the formation of condensation rested basins?

A

Separate the basins with a towel

76
Q

What does NOT render instrument sterile?

A

Washer decontaminator

77
Q

What are advantages to using non woven materials?:

A
  1. Excellent barrier properties
  2. Impervious to moisture
  3. Lint free
78
Q

After laundering, woven fabrics should be stored at a temperature of _____ a and humidity of _____ for at least ___ hours to rehydrate the fabrics?

A
  • 68-70 degrees F
  • 30-60%
  • 2 hours
79
Q

The ____ date should be used when preparing packages for sterilization?

A

Julien

Ex: Feb 27th= 58 & Mar 5th= 64

ST220 (6 decks)

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