Exam #1& #2: Microbiology

Question 0

SHORT ANSWER

What is active immunity?

Answer 0

Acquired by infection or vaccination

Question 1

Who developed the “germ theory of disease?”

Answer 1

Louis Pasteur

Question 2

Vaccination is what is an example of what kind of immunity?

Answer 2

Artificial active immunity

Question 3

SHORT ANSWER

What is passive immunity?

Answer 3

Transfer of antibodies through serum or another individual. (Mother/infant)

Question 4

What was FIRST developed in 1595 by Zacharias Jansen?

Answer 4

Compound light microscope

Question 5

Compound light microscope

Answer 5

1. Also called “Bright field”

2. Has a two lens system

Question 6

Dark Field Microscope

Answer 6

1. Opaque disc that blocks direct light

2. Unitized when microbes cannot be stained

Question 7

What Contains ring shape diaphragm that allows light of various brightness to pass through highlighting the internal structures of the cell?

Answer 7

Phase Contrast Microscope

Question 8

Fluorescence Microscope

Answer 8

1. Utilizes ultraviolet light

2. Useful in identification of rabies and syphilis

Question 9

Electron Microscope

Answer 9

1. Utilizes a beam of electrons on place of light which improves resolution
2. Utilizes an electro magnetic lens in place of a glass lens

Question 10

What is the smallest living unit within the body; on average there are approximately 75-100 trillion cells in the human body?

Answer 10

Cell

Question 11

SHORT ANSWER

What regulates transport of substances into and out of the cell?

Answer 11

Cell membrane

Question 12

SHORT ANSWER

What functions does the cytoplasm have?

Answer 12

replication, growth and expansionary carried out in the cell

Question 13

SHORT ANSWER

What serves as the “brain” for the control of the cell’a metabolic activities and cell division?

Answer 13

Nucleus

Question 14

What contains DNA?

Answer 14

Nucleus

Question 15

What cytoskeleton structure and extra cellular matrix control, in large part, the cell shape?

Answer 15

Mitochondria

Question 16

SHORT ANSWER

What serves as sites for cellular respiration and energy production; stores ATP?

Answer 16

Mitochondria

Question 17

What is responsible for protein packing?

Answer 17

Golgi Apparatus/ Golgi Complex

Question 18

SHORT ANSWER

What serves as sites for protein synthesis?

Answer 18

Ribosomes

Question 19

SHORT ANSWER

Passive transport

Answer 19

1. Involves carriers, channels or direct diffusion through a membrane.
2. Always operates from regions of greater concentration to regions of lesser concentration.
3. No external energy is required

Question 20

SHORT ANSWER

Active transport

Answer 20

1. Is possible to go against the concentration gradient
2. A source of energy is required to move carriers & it’s materials
3. ATP is required

Question 21

SHORT ANSWER

What are 5 classes of microorganisms & an example of each?

Answer 21

1. Protozoa- malaria
2. Fungi- mushroom
3. Bacteria- tetanus
4. Viruses- AIDS
5. Prions- kuru

Question 22

What is divided by a process called binary fission?

Answer 22

Bacteria

Question 23

What are long, thin structures attached to the outside of the cell which uses a whipping motion to provide motility to the cell?

Answer 23

Flagella

Question 24

What microorganisms are capable of producing disease under favorable condition?

Answer 24

Pathogen

Question 25

When do organisms benefit and the host is harmed?

Answer 25

Parasitism

Question 26

When both organisms benefits and dependent a one another to a certain extent?

Answer 26

Mutualism

Question 27

What are rod shaped cells?

Answer 27

Bacilli

Question 28

What is found in the intestines and produce vitamin K?

Answer 28

Escherichia coli (E. Coli)

Question 29

What are chains of spherical bacteria?

Answer 29

Streptococci

Question 30

What are normal resident flor on skin?

Answer 30

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 31

What is the most commonly transmitted bacteria in the OR?

Answer 31

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 32

What habitually live in the epidermis, deep in the crevices and folds of the skin?

Answer 32

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 34

***SHORT ANSWER*** | How is a virus replicated?

Answer 34

The virus ATTACHES to host cells/ receptors on the capsomere; then PENETRATES cytoplasmic (outside) membrane or through receptor mediated endocytosis. Viral nucleic acid is FREED and viral replication begins.

Question 35

What are spiral shaped rods?

Answer 35

Spirilla

Question 36

What is transmitted by insect bites?

Answer 36

Arthropod vectors

Question 37

What causes Rocky Mountain fever?

Answer 37

Rickettsia rickettsii

Question 38

What are viral genetic material?

Answer 38

DNA & RNA (usually not both)

Question 39

What are ALL fatal because the immune system does not recognize proteins as foreign & protection does not develop?

Answer 39

Prions Disease

Question 40

What attacks the brain & eventually kill the neuron? The death of the neuron creates holes in the brain tissue.

Answer 40

Prion Disease

Question 41

What are 3 facts for Prions?

Answer 41

1. Simple protein 2. Smaller than a virus 3. Lacks a genome

Question 42

What prion disease affects sheep?

Answer 42

Scrapie

Question 43

What spreads through air by sneeze droplets?

Answer 43

Airborne

Question 44

What is spread through oral/fecal hepatitis transmission; post operative cholecystectomy wound infection from contact w/PT's gallbladder?

Answer 44

Direct Contact

Question 45

What infection is spread by contaminated surgical instruments?

Answer 45

Indirect Contact

Question 46

What infection is carried in blood products?

Answer 46

Common Vehicle Spread

Question 47

What are the 5 signs of inflammation?

Answer 47

1. Redness 2. Heat 3. Swelling 4. Pain 5. Loss of function