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ST220 > Exam #1& #2: Microbiology > Flashcards

Exam #1& #2: Microbiology Flashcards

0
Q

SHORT ANSWER

What is active immunity?

A

Acquired by infection or vaccination

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1
Q

Who developed the “germ theory of disease?”

A

Louis Pasteur

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2
Q

Vaccination is what is an example of what kind of immunity?

A

Artificial active immunity

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3
Q

SHORT ANSWER

What is passive immunity?

A

Transfer of antibodies through serum or another individual. (Mother/infant)

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4
Q

What was FIRST developed in 1595 by Zacharias Jansen?

A

Compound light microscope

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5
Q

Compound light microscope

A
  1. Also called “Bright field”

2. Has a two lens system

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6
Q

Dark Field Microscope

A
  1. Opaque disc that blocks direct light

2. Unitized when microbes cannot be stained

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7
Q

What Contains ring shape diaphragm that allows light of various brightness to pass through highlighting the internal structures of the cell?

A

Phase Contrast Microscope

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8
Q

Fluorescence Microscope

A
  1. Utilizes ultraviolet light

2. Useful in identification of rabies and syphilis

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9
Q

Electron Microscope

A
  1. Utilizes a beam of electrons on place of light which improves resolution
  2. Utilizes an electro magnetic lens in place of a glass lens
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10
Q

What is the smallest living unit within the body; on average there are approximately 75-100 trillion cells in the human body?

A

Cell

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11
Q

SHORT ANSWER

What regulates transport of substances into and out of the cell?

A

Cell membrane

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12
Q

SHORT ANSWER

What functions does the cytoplasm have?

A

replication, growth and expansionary carried out in the cell

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13
Q

SHORT ANSWER

What serves as the “brain” for the control of the cell’a metabolic activities and cell division?

A

Nucleus

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14
Q

What contains DNA?

A

Nucleus

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15
Q

What cytoskeleton structure and extra cellular matrix control, in large part, the cell shape?

A

Mitochondria

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16
Q

SHORT ANSWER

What serves as sites for cellular respiration and energy production; stores ATP?

A

Mitochondria

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17
Q

What is responsible for protein packing?

A

Golgi Apparatus/ Golgi Complex

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18
Q

SHORT ANSWER

What serves as sites for protein synthesis?

A

Ribosomes

19
Q

SHORT ANSWER

Passive transport

A
  1. Involves carriers, channels or direct diffusion through a membrane.
  2. Always operates from regions of greater concentration to regions of lesser concentration.
  3. No external energy is required
20
Q

SHORT ANSWER

Active transport

A
  1. Is possible to go against the concentration gradient
  2. A source of energy is required to move carriers & it’s materials
  3. ATP is required
21
Q

SHORT ANSWER

What are 5 classes of microorganisms & an example of each?

A
  1. Protozoa- malaria
  2. Fungi- mushroom
  3. Bacteria- tetanus
  4. Viruses- AIDS
  5. Prions- kuru
22
Q

What is divided by a process called binary fission?

A

Bacteria

23
Q

What are long, thin structures attached to the outside of the cell which uses a whipping motion to provide motility to the cell?

A

Flagella

24
Q

What microorganisms are capable of producing disease under favorable condition?

A

Pathogen

25
Q

When do organisms benefit and the host is harmed?

A

Parasitism

26
Q

When both organisms benefits and dependent a one another to a certain extent?

A

Mutualism

27
Q

What are rod shaped cells?

A

Bacilli

28
Q

What is found in the intestines and produce vitamin K?

A

Escherichia coli (E. Coli)

29
Q

What are chains of spherical bacteria?

A

Streptococci

30
Q

What are normal resident flor on skin?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

31
Q

What is the most commonly transmitted bacteria in the OR?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

32
Q

What habitually live in the epidermis, deep in the crevices and folds of the skin?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

34
Q

SHORT ANSWER

How is a virus replicated?

A

The virus ATTACHES to host cells/ receptors on the capsomere; then PENETRATES cytoplasmic (outside) membrane or through receptor mediated endocytosis. Viral nucleic acid is FREED and viral replication begins.

35
Q

What are spiral shaped rods?

A

Spirilla

36
Q

What is transmitted by insect bites?

A

Arthropod vectors

37
Q

What causes Rocky Mountain fever?

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

38
Q

What are viral genetic material?

A

DNA & RNA (usually not both)

39
Q

What are ALL fatal because the immune system does not recognize proteins as foreign & protection does not develop?

A

Prions Disease

40
Q

What attacks the brain & eventually kill the neuron? The death of the neuron creates holes in the brain tissue.

A

Prion Disease

41
Q

What are 3 facts for Prions?

A
  1. Simple protein
  2. Smaller than a virus
  3. Lacks a genome
42
Q

What prion disease affects sheep?

A

Scrapie

43
Q

What spreads through air by sneeze droplets?

A

Airborne

44
Q

What is spread through oral/fecal hepatitis transmission; post operative cholecystectomy wound infection from contact w/PT’s gallbladder?

A

Direct Contact

45
Q

What infection is spread by contaminated surgical instruments?

A

Indirect Contact

46
Q

What infection is carried in blood products?

A

Common Vehicle Spread

47
Q

What are the 5 signs of inflammation?

A
  1. Redness
  2. Heat
  3. Swelling
  4. Pain
  5. Loss of function

ST220 (6 decks)

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